Autonomy Argumentative Essays Samples For Students

In his definitions, Wolff accurately describes the concepts of the state, politics, political philosophy, power, authority, and autonomy. Wolff considers the state as a group of individuals with the supreme moral authority over a specified population. He accurately differentiates authority from power, and in my opinion, I concur with the fact that the state has authority over the citizens. Authority refers to the moral right to rule. However, according to Wolff’s argument, which I also consent to it, man’s autonomy assumes that the individual members of the state have the responsibility for their actions. Therefore, members of the state ...

When it comes to adolescents making decisions for their own life, typically it depends on what the subject material is. By the time an individual reaches adolescence, they are picking what they want to wear, what they want to eat, and many of the movies they watch in their spare time. Parents begin to relinquish some of the rules they held over the individuals as children in order to let them grow, become independent, and learn lessons on their own. However, many ask where to draw the line. Adolescents are capable of making many decisions for themselves concerning small ...

The debate over abortion has been raging for quite some time in our culture. In recent times, one observes that abortions have become commonplace. Most supporters primarily argue with respect to autonomy and women’s rights with respect to abortion. On the other hand, the pro-life supporters argue with the fact that the act of abortion results in the killing of a fetus. Since the act of killing is morally and ethically despicable, pro-life supporters use this argument as a foundation. On a moral basis too, Kantian ethics renders abortion as an immoral act for a number of different reasons. The primary reason, ...

for Euthanasia

Protecting the Right to Act Autonomously: A Philosophical Argument for Euthanasia

There is a long tradition of support for voluntary euthanasia in Western civilization. The ancient Greeks and Romans “did not believe that life needed to be preserved at any cost and were, in consequence, tolerant of suicide in cases where no relief could be offered to the dying” The ancient schools of philosophy, the Stoics and Epicureans, believed that an individual who no longer wanted to live and chose to commit suicide should be supported in their decision. Thomas More, writing in the 16th century, foresaw a utopian community in which individuals suffering from intolerable pain and burdened by ...

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As extensive drug use elevates, countless employers have growing concerns over the performance and quality of their employees. Some of the consequences of drug use in the workplace include injuries, loss of morale and productivity, theft, absenteeism, and fatalities (Frone, 2012). Drug testing in the workplace was born out of society’s apprehension over an apparent rise in drug use and the interrelationship between drugs and injury. This relation led to risks involving the worker, his or her colleagues, and the public. In a bid to reduce the risks of drug use, employers found it necessary to ...

Healthcare professionals are often faced with ethical dilemmas as well as questions and if they are inadequately solved, they could jeopardize the quality of health care, professional action or user autonomy (Purtilo & Doherty, 2015). As such, bioethical concerns should be effectively addressed to foster quality healthcare, professional action as well as user autonomy. The refusal of blood transfusions among individuals who practice the Jehovah witness faith is one of the major ethical dilemmas witnessed in healthcare. Inherently, members of the Jehovah witness do not accept blood transfusions based on their religious doctrines (Pozgar, 2014).
Essentially, the beliefs of the ...

Abstract

There is a growing trend of genetically modified foods, which has seen their entry in the market. Consumers are faced with the task of deciding whether to buy these foods or not. Taking into account their effects, some informed consumers use these foods while others decide to do away with them. On the other hand, uninformed consumers end up consuming these foods without knowledge on their effects. There are two opposing views regarding genetically modified food. Those in favor argue that they should be allowed in the market and the decisions to consume or not to be left with consumers. ...

Every historical event has its reasons, prerequisites, characteristics of development and further consequences. Particular feature of historical events is that their meaning changes with each epoch’s interpretation of it. There were events which contemporary scholars called insignificant and even harmful for the development of their society. On the other hand, representatives of the next generations would consider those events essential for the development of modern social order which is more advanced and democratic than the former one. In other words, history is an interpretative science and it gains new half-color each time scholar from a new epoch looks into ...

Of all the varieties of conceptual models of the information society, for the purposes of this study, it is important to include at least two aspects: first, characterizing the functioning of culture at the named stage of social development and, secondly, a new type of relations in the system of "individual - society". The first of them is determined by the mosaic of culture, the increasing role of virtualization, media saturation, changing patterns of behavior, loss of a clear hierarchy of values that actually leads to the disappearance of the notion of norm. Second - characterizes crisis of paternalistic society, increase ...

Introduction

This argumentative essay will examine different thoughts regarding religion. This analysis has been carried out with the help of specific epistemology. Some of the most important discussions are carried out in order argue critically about the practices of religion, ethics and science.
1.Ethics
A
Ethical system based on humanity and equality is essential for making a balanced society. Any kind of ethical system, which is backed by the factors of humanity and equality, will surely give benefits to the people living in any part of the world. It is no denying the fact that every ethical system ...

The term freedom can be used by individuals in various aspects. In speech, freedom is the right to speak freely; in movement, freedom is the ability to move freely; and in society, freedom is the absence of slavery and captivity. A country on the other hand may look at freedom as the right to self rule, without any interference from another country. Human actions, when not restricted or monitored properly, can greatly result in lack of freedom. Susan Faludi in her article “The Naked Citadel” writes about men who do not want the citadel to go coed. She discovers ...

Milton Friedman believes that in a free society we must not forget that there are two types of freedom and they should not be confused. The proper role of the government is to consider these two ways of understanding freedom - which are freedom from coercion and freedom of ‘free of cost’- and help individuals reach their objectives, interfering with each other as minimum as possible. The government should create opportunities to help people achieve their goals, knowing of course that there is no absolute freedom in society. It is important to notice that for Friedman, the society ...

I agree with the statement: “The most important thing to understand the New Deal is the major and successful transformation of the state (national government) by the Roosevelt Administration and other reformers like Senator Wagner.”
The New Deal brought about the development of bodies that ensured the well-being of public workers. The Public Works Administration (PWA) was among the agencies that were formed during the New Deal period. Wright notes that it was formed during the initial stages of the New Deal under the National Recovering Act (58). This led to the improvement of the way of living ...

Every historical event has its reasons, prerequisites, characteristics of development and further consequences. Particular feature of historical events is that their meaning changes with each epoch’s interpretation of it. There were events who contemporary scholars called insignificant and even harmful for the development of their society. On the other hand, representatives of the next generations would consider those events essential for the development of modern social order which is more advanced and democratic than the former one. In other words, history is an interpretative science and it gains new half-color each time scholar from a new epoch looks into ...

According to Bruce N. Waller, a professor of philosophy in his book has managed to give us the general readings on ethics that affect our challenges in society. This book gives the reader an idea of what is right morally and what is wrong hence giving one the chance of seeking the values needed in handling debates over things like abortion. According to him, abortion is an immoral act that should be discouraged especially among the young children who are still developing. Various ethics and morals have been discussed in depth to give the readers a clear and conscience information on ...

Introduction

Most Organizations that employ a work force to reach their business goals are concerned about the performance of their staff. A good performance guarantees a good output and enhances the chance of realizing organizational goals. Human Resource Management is therefore assigned the challenging task of incorporating such features in a job that provide the operator with the necessary motivation to perform the assigned task to the best of his abilities. HR experts are of the view that unless an individual experiences a sense of fulfillment from his job he isn’t motivated sufficiently to perform well. Hence job satisfaction ...

Ladies and gentlemen, the first speaker analyzed the role of autonomy declaring the HIV status of health workers. Failure to declare the status, the health care workers, would breach the autonomy of the patients. Further, the first speaker mentioned that the principle of beneficence requires that all health professionals needs to do good to the patients. Non-maleficence principles give the patients the right not to be harmed. Patients require trusting the caring professionals since their decisions have a great influence on their lives. On top of that, the nursing code of ethics calls for upholding ethics, values on quality, as ...

In the federalist 70, Hamilton argues that pluralism is detrimental to union of Americans i.e. it is better for Americans to remain in one united government than to have multiple sovereign governments in the America. Hamilton claims that, the executive power is very critical in running of the government. He states that “energy in the executive is a leading character in the definition of a good government” (Alexander Hamilton, March 18, 1788). For this reason, therefore, the quality of executives determines whether the government is good or not. If the executive is feeble, it shall lead to bad executions of its ...

Introduction

Motivation is the drive that an individual has towards a certain goal. Motivation contributes by influencing the effort and interest that an athlete puts to a task. Hager (124) in his study describes motivation as a personal matter because what motivates an individual at a certain time may not motivate another individual at the same time. To improve and maintain an athlete’s performance motivation is essential. Athletes who lack motivation are likely to skip regular session of training and hence may not get to fully train with the required intensity. Miller (87) in his study states that lack of motivation leads athletes ...

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When the Europeans established contact with the Aboriginals in Canada, they started to make treaties and agreements with the Aboriginal people since they saw an opportunity of expanding their territory. Once European settlement began, the original inhabitants of the land found that the civilization they had developed for themselves faced the threat of extinction. The foreigners had no respect for their culture and lifestyle, and their sole purpose was to modify the land to meet their .
Through their treaties, the Europeans had carefully ensured that the Aboriginal people would give up their title ...

Introduction

Knowing what is right from wrong constitutes the main idea of ethics. In order to promote social order, societies have constructed sets of ethical norms constituting values shared by members thereof. However, there is an understanding that every society has different sets of ethical norms, simply because of the fact that external factors brought forth by the environment and conflict experiences have affected each of them, as they specifically thrive in a particular area. Different communities involve various members with their specific set of experiences that eventually form part of ethical systems when shared. Therefore, the idea of a universal culture ...

American citizens pay a relatively large percentage of their paycheck towards taxes and social security. Some people feel that the percentage that goes towards taxes and social security is too high, but others feel that paying taxes is a social necessity, and that taxes should be paid to help people who are struggling. Social security is a program that is primarily designed to assist the elderly with their retirement, although there are a variety of different programs that are classified as “social security.” In the United States, social security programs are usually funded through payroll taxes. To understand the various nuances of social ...

Fundamental Principles of Ethics

Principle of Toleration-This principle involves enduring a plethora of moral values, beliefs, and freedom of expression. For this reason, respect and accommodation should be accorded to divergent beliefs and opinions irrespective of their source. This principle is important in encouraging intellect, philosophy, and religious principles among other values that support liberty and human rights(Paul, 2006). According to great philosophers such as JS Mill and John Locke, the principle of tolerance presupposes individual freedom and autonomy thereby leading to the development of an innovative and creative society(Paul, 2006).
Principle of Stewardship-As human beings, we ought to take care ...

NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS

Robert Schuman’s notable phrase “Never war between us” is one of the most critically acclaimed lessons learned by most Europeans with regards to the topic of European unification and integration. This lesson became Schuman’s main foundation in declaring the start of integration in his 1950 speech in the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community. It can be noted that European integration, through the ECSC, started on a plan to control resources and production. This was also seen in the evolution of the European Defence Community and later the European Economic Community and the European Atomic Energy ...

Why does China allow Hong Kong to maintain its special status?

Hong Kong which is a special administrative region in the republic of China is endowed with privileges’ that other Chinese cities do not have. This is mostly in regard to participation in events and international organizations. Being governed by the basic law as well as its mini constitution, Hong Kong constitutes the Hong Kong Island, new territories, Kowloon and other small islands. Boasting a population of around 7.09 million and growth of about 0.9% it mainly consist of about 95% Chinese people and the rest is others. The official languages are Chinese and English. Having a good GDP and the main industries ...

Involvement of family members in the healthcare decisions for children is a debatable issue. Parents’ engaged in the decision-making of their child’s health care, poses challenges to the American bioethical system, which regards the patient sovereignty as the fundamental ethical principle in the medical decision making policy .
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has established certain recommendations pertaining to the child’s decision-making and categorizes children based on their level of maturity and decision-making ability into three groups: those that lack the ability to take decisions, those with a premature developing capacity and those that are mature enough to ...

Abstract

One of the most central pillars of the US’ Healthy People 2020 are family planning goals geared at fostering pregnancy planning, spacing and reduction of unintended pregnancies. Despite these efforts, 49% of pregnancies every year are unplanned, some of which raise the need for abortion. This paper asserts that abortion asserts that arguments against abortion are founded on an assumption that has no basis in law, since life only begins when foetuses are viable. It argues that while every human being (excluding unviable foetuses) has a right to life, the right to privacy and autonomy over one’s body are ...

Introduction

The definition of physician assisted suicide is slightly different from the general term definition of euthanasia. Although some may equate physician assisted suicide with the blanket term, the distinction between euthanasia and physician assisted suicide is that the latter is done with both the patient’s and doctor’s intent to end the patient’s life by unnatural means (Tamayo-Vela´zquez, Simo´n-Lorda, and Cruz-Piqueras, 678). The doctor assists the patient in committing suicide, usually by administering an injection or pill that contains a lethal substance. A doctor may also administer a relaxant to help keep the patient calm during the ...

Lifestyle of children is one of the most important environmental factors that determine some of the traits that they will develop later in their lives. Whether a child’s lifestyle is healthy or not is the question that must be answered. Knowing the effective lifestyle for children as well as the ineffective one is helpful in creating the best environment that will shape their pro-social traits. Regarding this matter, many issues have risen and one of the most controversial and recent is the issue on whether structured activities are good or bad for children’s development. But, as we will ...

The “National Collegiate Athletic Association” (NCAA) is an organization that manages, regulates and controls athletes of about nineteen hundred institutions in Canada and the United States. The organization operates on non-profit terms and organizes athletic program of various universities and colleges. NCAA is also responsible with the task of setting rules and guidelines to be followed during practice sessions and championships by the college athletes. According to the NCAA rules colleges and universities, can offer scholarships to student athletes in exchange of their services to participate in sporting activities. The scholarships mainly offered by the institution cover accommodation, tuition ...

Looking up the Encyclopedia of Gender and Society, arranged marriage is defined as a kind of marital union, where two people are married in accordance to the arrangements made by a third party, usually the parents of the bride and groom (O’ Brien 40). In arranged marriages both prospective spouses agree to have the assistance of a third party, e.g their parents, and identify a husband or wife respectively. Although arranged marriages differ from forced marriages, which occur when either the bride or groom or even both of them are married against their will, they still should be considered unacceptable. We live in a ...

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Abortion should be legalized

Abortion should be legalized and the right to decide whether a woman is ready to bear the responsibility of a child, a life, should be granted to the woman. Currently, abortion is illegal in several countries across the globe, some even going to the extent of endangering the mother’s life so as to avoid aborting a foetus. While most of the arguments against legalizing abortion have been founded on the concept of the foetus’ right to life, there is also great contention that a woman is the best judge of ...

Jeff Stephenson

The Debate of Quality of Life as it Relates to End of Life Decisions
In 1990, Terri Schiavo had a heart attack that placed her in a vegetative state for over a decade. The debate that surfaced as a result of her ailment had an enormous impact on how Americans viewed clinical autonomy. Clinical autonomy is the ability to appoint a person the control of your treatment in case you are not able to. Unconscious and unable to even feed herself, Terri was considered a “vegetable.” Prior to having a cardiac arrest, Terri had legally appointed her husband as the sole person in charge of ...

Abstract

Physician –assisted suicide or euthanasia, which means terminating a person’s life, painlessly, with a ‘humane’ motive of putting an end to his suffering, has been going on for centuries. Though it is practiced widely, it is a highly debated issue and there is a lot of controversy surrounding it. In some countries, it is legalized, whereas it is still considered to be illegal in many other countries. However, today, most of the population, including the society as well as physicians, are in favor of this practice. If the benefits and harms of the practice are to be weighed, practicing euthanasia seems to ...

The issue of abortion is definitely multivalued. It has demographic sense, as well as political and social importance, and it has a very important ethical aspect. Topicality of the problem in discussing abortion persists despite the fact that it continues for many centuries. Historically, the attitude of doctors to abortion is one of the first and fundamental ethical and medical issues that are still relevant today. This is explained by the fact that the problem of abortion unites the relationship between people at the level of moral, legal, social, political, religious, and scientific consciousness.
Abortion is defined as termination ...

John Stuart Mill’s On Liberty was more of a continuation of some, if not most of his past works because of the presence of the same ideas and principles he used in writing On Liberty. A reader who was able to read Mill’s past works would certainly be able to identify that he was the same author who wrote the book because what he basically wrote in On Liberty are his personal—based on experience, beliefs and perceptions of the importance, to man and society, of a large variety in types of character, and giving of full freedom to ...

Introduction

Women in military have the history which extends more than four millenniums into past, throughout a variety of nations as well as cultures. Women have been engage in several roles in military ranging from the early warriors to currently serving in various forces around the globe side by side with men. It is a fact that almost all the armed forces of countries throughout the world have majority of men serving as military personnel however the role of women can’t be neglected over men. The military role of women have been controversial since its beginning but still many events in ...

Was Nora right to leave at the end of the play?

Firstly, she was right to leave because Torvald treats her in a completely stereotypical way – like a doll, as the title of the page suggests. All the names he calls her as endearments have the effect of stressing her weakness and dependence on him. They make her sound like a child, a doll, Torvald’s personal plaything: “little songbird”, “squirrel”, “lark”, “little featherhead”, “little skylark”, “little person”, little woman.” It could be argued that these are harmless and loving endearments, but they clearly show the balance of power in the Helmers’ marriage. If Nora acts at times in a flirtatious and childish way, it ...

Revolution in military

Revolution in military affairs can be attributed to use of new processes and new tools of waging war like system of systems, command and control, as well as network-centric warfare, all driven by information technology. The term “Revolution in Military Affairs” is used to refer to a major shift in the nature of fighting which is as a result of the application of new technologies which adjusts the nature and accomplishment of military actions, when these technologies are pooled with organizational and operational concepts as well as vivid changes in military doctrine, (Theodor, 1995, pp.3-9).
The concept of revolution in ...

Personal History

I had a difficult start in life because I was born with physical disabilities. I was an extremely weak newborn and the doctors recommended a three-year stay in hospital for care and observation. The doctors were not very optimistic and even advised my mother against registering my birth with the government since they felt I was bound to die. I was eventually discharged from hospital by the age of four, and somewhat miraculously, after a few years I was able to live like a normal child. Yet, destiny would not allow me to enjoy a normal childhood. In my early teens, I made my ...