Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) and John Locke (1632-1704) lived during the Pre-Enlightenment period. However, their philosophies influence and in fact introduced the Enlightenment period. This refers to a period of reason in which man was to think logically in arriving at a decision. The two philosophers influenced the thought process especially in the field of law. This paper shall compare and contrast the ideologies of the two Englishmen. It is essential to appreciate at this point that Thomas Hobbes preceded John Locke and that the two had the same leanings in thought save for the few deviations which shall be discussed in ...
Liberty Argumentative Essays Samples For Students
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Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence with of aim of establishing the revolution that the colonists were planning and enforcing on America. A famous line from the declaration reads, “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.” With this line, Jefferson meant that all men are equal and they deserved equality in life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness (Amitarge 145). This line is not an absolute. This is because in our society, there is evidence that some people have more rights than others while other people are oppressed. There are many forms of oppressions that prove this statement ...
A faction is a group of people of people who are in support for something or are against something (Adair, p90). It is formed due to shared beliefs by the people; mostly it is considered as a political organization. According to this federalist’s paper, a faction is believed to limit the liberty of some individuals and therefore go against the constitution (Ball, p56). The best way to deal with factions is to completely remove the causes of factions or deal with the effects. The one issue that stands out is that people should not be allowed to have similar interests as ...
Introduction
Radicalism and revolution have been an issue when it comes to discussing changes in all aspects of life. A potential situation of revolution is possible in many colonies, and social conditions are associated with the revolution. Most white Americans according to many historians have a greater prosperity as compared to other people in all parts of the world. Social changes that took place since history have left Americans thinking about the sense of such changes. Revolutions to find a better America is misunderstood by many people because social changes are complicated and relative. African Americans requested for freedom in 1977, and ...
This essay explores the dialogue On Liberty by Mill in relation to the Communist Manifesto by Mark and Engels. On Liberty can be understood through the lenses of his autobiography. According to Mill, On Liberty revolves around giving human beings full measure of freedom to “expand itself in innumerable and conflicting directions” (Gray 6) Mill believed in the absolute freedom of human nature. In this regard, he rejected any attempts to limit the behavior and opinion of human beings in the name of social pressure and coercion. Despite his belief in the totality of freedom, Mill observed that coercion ...
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The 21st century is full of crazy inventions that are forming the future of the world we see and love every day. As humans in developed countries, we idolize the use of computers, tablets, cell phones, printers, video cameras, music devices, and a plethora of other technologies. These newly found electronics allows humans to live much easier and opens them up to new possibilities that weren’t present in previous centuries. With all the great, and upcoming technology in the twenty-first century, another question arises that deals with basic human rights, and the right to privacy. This ...
Question 1
As president Barrack Obama’s second term of office comes to an end, several observations can be made about some of the positive and the negative effects he has had on the welfare of the American citizens as well as the country in general. Some of the achievements that Obama was able to realize include the fact that he influenced the congress to come up with better regulation on pertinent issues such as the rights of the gay people and immigrants. The topic of gun control is another contentious issue that president Obama also managed to address during his ...
Differences between efficient and group-level explanations for war
The efficient explanation for war is centered and derived from the constitution as well as from the legal structures within an entity. This means that wars are constitutionally appropriate if the lives of the citizens are threatened by an outside entity. This means that the decision to engage in war is independent on social or other cultural background (Danziger 35). The group-level decision is centered on the idea of dominance. Countries decide to engage in war for reasons that are defined buy cultural and social differences. Countries are therefore in a rush to enter into war with other countries, not ...
In the preamble to the United States Constitution, the Framers established that three of the fundamental responsibilities of the government was to “insure domestic tranquility”, “provide for a common defense” and “secure the blessings of liberty”. In other words, the government has a duty to protect the nation and its people from harm. The Declaration of Independence, however, states that there are certain unalienable rights that every citizen possesses. Moreover, the Bill of Rights, lists a number of the unalienable rights, such as privacy, freedom of expression, and due process of the law, which the Framers felt were important ...
Libertarians are known as ‘classical liberals’. Their views is that each person’s welfare, success, and societal placement can be nurtured by the simple act of the government staying out of their individual pursuit of liberty. The ideals of libertarianism forces one to question: What might happen? What does one need for survival? What are ‘real-world’ concerns? Are they necessary concerns? How can we overcome all that is unnecessary to solve problems that occur in concerns we have no control over?
There are a plethora of different views and opinions about Libertarianism and what it is. Some believe, “Libertarianism ...
for Euthanasia
Protecting the Right to Act Autonomously: A Philosophical Argument for Euthanasia
There is a long tradition of support for voluntary euthanasia in Western civilization. The ancient Greeks and Romans “did not believe that life needed to be preserved at any cost and were, in consequence, tolerant of suicide in cases where no relief could be offered to the dying” The ancient schools of philosophy, the Stoics and Epicureans, believed that an individual who no longer wanted to live and chose to commit suicide should be supported in their decision. Thomas More, writing in the 16th century, foresaw a utopian community in which individuals suffering from intolerable pain and burdened by ...
Legalization of Marijuana is a controversial topic, and like any other contentious subject, it faces a great number of support and opposition. According to Gerber, the drug was termed illegal from the early 1990s, but after the passing of the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 possession of marijuana was termed as a crime, as it was even used in the industries (Gerber14). With time, the American Medical Association (AMA) championed against the claims that marijuana causes insanity, and was not of the same level as opium and cocaine. Gerber argues that by 1969, the Marijuana Tax Act was declared unconstitutional and passed ...
John Stuart Mill’s On Liberty was more of a continuation of some, if not most of his past works because of the presence of the same ideas and principles he used in writing On Liberty. A reader who was able to read Mill’s past works would certainly be able to identify that he was the same author who wrote the book because what he basically wrote in On Liberty are his personal—based on experience, beliefs and perceptions of the importance, to man and society, of a large variety in types of character, and giving of full freedom to ...
The ideal and real roles of women depicted in the plays The Comedy of Errors by William Shakespeare, Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare and The Rivals by Richard Brinsley Sheridan
Women have been the subject of greater literary interest since times immemorial. They frequently serve as the means to replicate contemporary society. During the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, women were largely portrayed as the victims of a patriarch society. Modern feminism was nonexistent until the 19th century and female voice was completely subdued. “Feminists’ scholars regarded the 18th century author Mary Wollstonecraft as the original harbinger of feminism, a ...
Democracy, Rights, and Empire
Thesis
Europe has seen it all; revolutions, plague, recession, famine, revolts, and invasions, and this was why, when opportunity came knocking at their doors, the few powerful nations of Europe, adventured to expand and control their business interests far from their shores. In order to understand how and why this transpired, one needs to go back in time and understand Europe as it was in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
Background
The Rise of Europe between 1500 and 1850 was largely accounted for by the growth of European nations which shared their borders with the Atlantic, and in particular, ...
ABSTRACT
There are many different philosophical ideas about the moral value of equality, such as democracy in which all citizens have equal voting and citizenship rights, or social and economic equality that guarantees a minimal living standard and educational opportunities for all. One notion of equality holds that all persons are entitled to the same universal rights and human dignity regardless of race, religion, ethnicity or social class. From a purely historical viewpoint, there has been a radical expansion of the idea of human equality in the modern era, just as there have been revolutionary changes in science, technology and economic systems. Plato ...
Paper 2
Ontario’s HPV Vaccination Program
In this paper, I present arguments that are supportive of the ethical inappropriateness of the Ontario government’s HPV vaccination initiative. I also aim at revealing the ineffectiveness of the program as a public health strategy constructed to combat cervical cancer. The program is ineffective in combating cervical cancer because the interventions arising from the screening program poses risks on women and especially the ones of childbearing age. In addition, I will use the utilitarian approach to support my views.
In September 2007, the Ontario Liberal Government began a Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccination ...
Martin Luther King’s Letter from a Birmingham Jail remains one of the most famous essays written by Dr. King, and demonstrates his mastery of rhetoric as well as ethics. Dr. Martin Luther King penned the letter while in jail for protesting segregation and Jim Crow laws in the South, and for equality and over all civil rights for African Americans in the rest of the United States. King has always been considered the most important of the civil rights leaders of that period, and the eloquence and his masterful use of rhetoric and other persuasive techniques on display ...
Introduction
Over the years, the United States has gained global military, economic, cultural, scientific, and political dominance, which has allowed the country to have a significant influence on other nations. For instance, American influence and power have extended across different countries such as Iraq, spreading democracy and liberty through military invasion and the War on Terror. In addition, the United States’ political influence has been strengthened by its financial support to foreign countries through the U.S. foreign aid. For instance, Buchan argues that the U.S. has played a significant role in enhancing the relationships of the free nations of southern and Pacific ...
Should the United States have mandatory military conscription?
Military conscription in the United States, commonly called as draft has been a highly debated topic, discussed at multiple levels and forums. There are a lot many people who support this idea, but there are many who are against it as well. This argumentative essay will analyze this topic and arrive at a conclusion on whether US should adopt mandatory military conscription practice.
The reasons that drive a Government to make the military service mandatory can be varied, depending on the socio-economic, political and geographic position of the country. Nations like Israel or South Korea, with lesser population and troubled neighborhood may ...
Disney Princesses
(Continued from the paper provided by the client)
Little Mermaid
Late eighties was a decade of immense transformations. This chunk of the time was a period during which the roles and perception of women in the mainstream society went through sheer changes (Buckland 178). The same mainstream thought of the society is reflected in the role of the princess depicted in Walt Disney’s animated musical fantasy film, “The Little Mermaid”. The character of the princess in the aforesaid fantasy film was played by Ariel, who is a young sixteen years old mermaid. Dissatisfied with her life in the water, she became much curious ...
I. Introduction: The right to privacy is not expressly captured in the constitution; however, there are provisions that limit the government intrusion into a person’s right to privacy. This is evident in the events public purpose is pursued such as passing legislation or enforcing law and order. The constitution only protects individuals from the government.
A. Current Problem: The conflict between privacy rights and government surveillance efforts.
B .Area of focus: The government surveillance systems and the citizens.
II. Thesis statement: . It is important that stricter surveillance measures are adopted to ensure we are protected from ...
Orwell’s essay ‘England Your England’ written in 1941 is typical of the confusion that is felt by individuals and the whole of the country in uncertain political times. George Orwell attempts to set some kind of direction for the country amongst all the confusion of war. England was being bombed by the Germans in WWII at the time. This paper will argue that the central thesis of the essay was that English patriotism and loyalty exists in different forms depending on class in normal circumstances. As a collective idea, it is far more complex and is undergoing transition. For ...
The U.S. Patriot Act
Americans faced one of the most horrifying episodes in their history of the United States. Many individuals watched with horror as the historical landmarks collapsed simultaneously at the hands of terrorists. Who could forget the shock as the terrorist planes embraced the Twin Towers as the terrorist snuffed the lights of many innocent victims? As a result of this horror, the American Congress waited for only forty-five days before passing the USA Patriot Act in response to that fateful date of September 11, 2001. A number of delusion individuals convinced themselves that they reserved the ...
Other
In his essay, ‘Discourse on the Origin of Inequality,’ Rousseau considers how man seeks freedom in the discourse and the social contract. However, the realization of liberty is hindered by supremacy of inequality and property, characteristic of capitalism as expressed by Karl Marx in the Communist Manifesto. The freedom expressed by Rousseau is not entirely political but also freedom from the need and psychological. In the novel, Their Eyes were Watching God, by Zara, the character Janie is in the journey to achieve freedom from male domination, true love and self-independence in a world of racism and female subordination. The ...
When it comes to choosing between prescribing addictive painkillers and prescribing a placebo for a patient exhibiting signs of addiction, the latter choice is definitely the most ethical choice to make. Whereas respecting the patient’s wishes are important, the choice made must be a moral one that results in the most good, in line with the principle of beneficence. Healthcare professionals usually face ethical dilemmas repeatedly during the course of their practice. In most cases ethical dilemmas usually come about due to situations that force an individual to choose between fulfilling their professional obligations and their moral obligations. Despite the existence ...
The term culture is somewhat a multifaceted characteristic of a people that is somewhat difficult to define in simple terms. Social scientists have developed several definition of the term culture however, the simplest definition terms culture as a combination of accepted character among the people living within a community1. In general, every community has an accepted character defined by personal perceptions, attitudes, motivation, background, social class and personality. In the same regard, the American community has had its culture under consistent shift. During the colonial and the revolutionary period, the American culture was defined by several factors including the desire to independently own ...
Species discrimination (syn. speciesism) is the infringement of the interests or rights of one species by another, based on the belief in their own superiority. The concept and the appropriate philosophical concept emerged and were developed in the works of philosophers Richard Ryder and Peter Singer. In accordance with this concept, the contemporary human society carries out such discrimination against animals. In accordance with this philosophy, the presumption of human superiority over other species are unjustified.
There are two directions of upholding the rights of animals. Utilitarians repeat after Bentham that moral beings deserve attention because of the sensitivity, ...
The department of justice always focuses in preventing the future on terrorist related activities. It is worth nothing that terrorism is one of the biggest threats to the United States and the entire world. Civil liberties at home are very important since the constitution provides protection. Based on the civil liberties, the government should not abridge the freedoms and personal guarantees of people at home. Civil liberties include freedoms and rights to privacy. Analytically, it is evident that the costs to liberties are worth the security measures that the USA PATRIOT Act provides. It makes no sense to protect ...
Prisoners' Right to Vote in the UK and the Need for the Current law Reforms
Voting is the most common way of choosing leaders in the continents. Voting rights are the privileges given to those who have acquired the requirements to vote, for example, attaining the required age of eighteen years. However, restrictions are placed on some people as prisoners and ex-members of parliament. A case in point is observed in the UK where prisoners are denied the right to vote. This may be a major setback to the social life of those citizens behind bars, but may also act as a control measure for security reasons in the state of UK. Issuing the inmates with a ...
Dystopian literature is well evident in the book “The hunger games” by Suzanne Collins. The book defines various social contracts that are usually expressed through dystopian literature. Different social contracts have been identified in the book and they represent extensive range on the bases of the Panem districts. Through exclusive analysis of the capitol various tools were used to indicate the social contract defined in the book. The elements are uniquely portrayed through the tools used by the author of the book.
Through excellent presentation in the book, Suzanne Collins has been able to delineate unique elements that ...
The enlightenment refers to the sprawling of intellectual, social, philosophical, and cultural movement that spread through France, England, German, and other parts of Europe during the 1700s. Enlightenment thinkers advocated for self-autonomy in thinking, free of the limitations of traditional authority. The process of “modernity” traces its origin to this movement, as an heir, with seeds implanted in this period. Evidently, the process began with a vision of an autonomous free individual, but later contributed to the instrumental means-end thinking that has shaped modernity. The writers of the enlightenment mastered everything they regarded as worth learning, ranging from science to ...
Ashford University
Introduction and Thesis
There are a number of issues that haunt the education system in the United States, not least of all the role of the state. “Is it a self-evident axiom, that the State should require and compel the education up to a certain standard of every human being who is born its citizen?” (Mill, n.d). The First Amendment gives people the right to freedom, and this cannot be compromised at any cost. Mill, in this article discusses the role of the government in the field of education. The government, he says, can take an active role in education provided ...
In Support of Legalizing Marijuana
Abstract
Marijuana and it medicinal use continues to be a controversial topic. Surprisingly, marijuana has been around for centuries and many early doctors used the substance to treat a number of medical ailments. The Chinese wrote numerous literatures on the medical uses of marijuana and it is no surprise that modern-day doctors seek to improve to the ancient art of using marijuana for medical purposes. However, as with all substances, there are side effects that cause damages in its users. The excessive use of marijuana cause serious hallucinations, but these dangers are not fatal. There are no records to suggest ...
Based on John Locke’s political point of view, cars ought to have power to drive on Pacific Coast Highway without bicyclists interfering with the current driving habits. This will ensure a safer highway for both bicyclists and automobile drivers. Justice is desired in order to attain property and cater to the individuals through work/ labor. When we are born, we are given rights by the name of God, consisting of gave us natural rights by which we give consent to the government; in exchange we are given life, liberty, and the ability to attain Property. In a capitalistic society we ...
Question one
Both Machiavelli and Locke agree to some point that indeed “men of ambition and talents” are needed in order for a society to thrive. Each person came up with his own theory identifying the role that people of such characters play in the society, citing their advantages and disadvantages. To them, the existence of such people plays different roles in the establishment of the preservation of the political climate and discipline in the real world. In order to identify the best thought of the roles played by these people, one must establish which of them suit the real world as ...
English
There are several arguments support promote and oppose the legalization of same sex marriage. The first argument which opposes same-sex marriage is that marriage has traditionally been instituted between one man and one woman. The tradition of one man and one woman marriage is the only correct legal relationship in human culture (Newton 49). This can be traced from the old English law where under God’s law where all marriages that are contracted by lawful persons in the face of the church, can consummate with bodily knowledge and fruit of children (Newton 49).
However, the advocates of ...
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After the American Civil War of 1861 to1865, Americans were faced with the issue of reviving themselves from the changes brought about by the war. This is especially so with regard to the Southern and Northern states that had formed the opposing sides in the battle. Finding basis on the issue of slavery, the North had been anti-slavery while the South had been pro-slavery. These different opinions later erupted to full-blown war that tore America into half and in turn saw previous patriotic citizens kill each other. With regard to the ...
‘Instructor’s Name’
Pro Gun laws 2nd amendment
There are no two arguments that America loves its guns. The history of this great country is full of episodes of guns being used to defend not just lives, but also defend the values of this land – liberty and equality. The second amendment too acknowledges the need for gun possession for ensuring safety of its citizens. But in no where, in the law books of this country, it is written that, guns should be distributed without any checks.
Easier gun accessibility would increase the chance of gun distribution among criminals and the ...
When any individual is asked which weapon is the most lethal of all, then most people would automatically say the gun is the most lethal. The gun indeed is one of the most lethal weapons around. A single bullet aimed at any lethal organ may lead to severe damages to the victim. In some cases this bullet may even lead to death. This implies that it comes with a lot of pain (Gregg, 2012).
The sight of an individual carrying a gun is thus more horrific than it is pleasurable. It is common for state defense personnel, for instance the ...
Introduction
The process legalizing euthanasia in order to end suffering painlessly has been termed as one of the heated debates globally. It is clear shows that majority terminally-ill people have less chance for survival or to recover, though this does not give the doctors any power or responsibility to terminate a person live. The government should consider legalizing the practices because of the following reason.
Legalization of euthanasia is very fundamental to the medical fraternity because it assist the ill person alleviate their depression, pain and suffering. All people are entitled to the liberty right to life. This means that ...
John Stuart Mill has not been considered as a useful contributor to debates about either the situation of individuals in social groups or to the resolution of conflicts between diverse social groups. However, his attempt to combine the role of the practical reformer with the theory of social science which requires him to situate the cultural social group, and consider both the prospects and difficulties that the diversity of group presents. By examining the role of of circumstances and customs in Mill’s philosophy, his position on the just treatment of diverse groups such as gay couples emerges. Mill attempts ...
Introduction.
The attempts to make marijuana legal began in the early 1970’s with a push on political, economic and social factors (Gupta, 2013). There has been incongruence between the public’s understanding of the drug and scientific knowledge. Most users and non-users refer to their experiences with the drug rather than its scientific and economic implication. Just like any other drug, some marijuana users stop after trying it once or twice while others become addicted (Ford, 1997). Statistics from NACADA indicate that at least two out of ten people who try marijuana become addicted, and develop dependence that produces cravings. ...
It would be wise to compare the workability of the process in the United States in comparison to the performance of the process in other countries. The performance of the activity in other countries will be an outstanding image of how the element may thrive in the United States. If there are challenges in other countries, there are extremely high chances that there will also be problems with the United States’ system of military conscription. In most cases, traits for all conscription systems are alike but at some points they are influenced by the kind of governance that will ...
In today’s world, everyone seems to cry for justice. The poor want justice, the rich want justice, the disabled want justice and the citizenry want justice from their governments. This begs the question: what is justice? Well, justice means different things to different people, and there in no universally acceptable definition of the word. This is because justice has a social dimension to it, and different cultures have their own parameters for assessing justice. Nonetheless, there are some common aspects people look for when defining the realms of justice. For example, people want to see equality, fairness, equity, and ...
Introduction
We have this belief that education augments our salary level, but it's not always true at least for women. Research based on full time year round earning of male and female workers shows that in the US women earn less than men of the same education level. In fact, the median earnings of women are on par with the earnings of men who are few levels lower in the education ladder. In 2010 the full time year round earning of female worker was $34,000 compared to $42,000 for men (H.L Solis and K. Hall). In fact, this ...
Legalization of marijuana
Introduction
Talk of marijuana legalization in the United States today and you will be sparking a considerably heated debate among the politicians and the citizenry alike (Bello, 2007). Apparently, this has been one of the most contentious issues in the political circles of the United States lately. During the presidential debate of the recently completed presidential elections, the question of legalization of marijuana was among the top issues raised as a way of gauging the standpoint of the politicians. In answering the question, the presidential aspirants remained skeptical about the issues as either answer would have had significant impact on ...
As a consequence of the recent horrible reality of the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, more and more people have been debating the need for more rigorous gun control laws in the United States. In fact, the entire nation seems to be involved in the decision about whether or not more rigorous gun control laws will help in preventing such tragedies from occurring in the future. On the other hand, gun rights supports all over the nation have started protesting against gun control advocates based on the second amendment of the US constitution, which states that, “the right of the ...
Attitudes toward and opinions regarding stricter gun control laws in the United States seem to be growing following the dreadful reality of the recent Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting ("edition.cnn.com"). There now seems to a nationwide discussion going about regarding the issue of stricter gun control as if it is the solution to prevent such tragedies in the future. People on the news and everywhere else have started talking about the second amendment of the US constitution, which states that “A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and ...
Finding common ground on questions like euthanasia and Physician Assisted Suicide (PAS) will never be possible, given the strong religious convictions that many Christians, Jews and Muslims have always had against any form of self-destruction. For them, suicide is a sin and killing is always wrong, except of course in wartime situations or when the state has to use force in policing and maintaining order. Their views are based on the Bible or other sacred writings as well as strongly-held religious traditions and convictions, and therefore are not going to change quickly or easily. According to the U.S. Supreme Court, assisted ...
Same-sex marriage is the legal union between people of the same sex. The debate concerning the marriage rights and benefits to gay couples has been intense since early 1970s. In 1996, the then US president Bill Clinton, signed DOMA (Defense of Marriage Act) into law (Pinello 12). This Act gives a legal definition of Marriage as a legal union between one woman and one man. However, this enactment gave the definition of marriage for federal law purposes only and gave authority to the states to make their own rulings concerning the matter.
The beginning of the new millennium marked increase in ...
Obesity is becoming an epidemic in America, with more than 30 per cent childhood diabetes cases today are of Type 2, a condition that is as a result of poor diet and unhealthy lifestyle (Zinczenko 154). The American fast food culture contributes to this level of obesity, as the combination of affordability, taste and convenience makes it easier for families and individuals of any income level to feed themselves on fast food. However, it should be the responsibility of the individual to regulate their diet intake. Given that the current statistics regarding cases of Obesity in America, self-regulation of diet is ...
Obesity is becoming an epidemic in America – more than 30% of childhood diabetes cases are Type 2, a condition typically caused by poor diet (Zinczenko, 2002). The American fast food culture contributes to this level of obesity, as the combination of affordability, taste and convenience makes it easier for a family of any income level to feed themselves on fast food – however, it then becomes the responsibility of the individual to regulate their diet. Given the obesity statistics in American as they exist today, this is clearly not an option for many. What’s more, fast food companies are not providing ...
Dependence is one aspect of life which we cannot run away from. Human beings are dependent on others, just as nations depend on other nations. However, if the dependence is not handled or treated with the sensitivity it deserves, then cruelty, violence, inequality and other unjust social practices emerge. The inequality in life produces two classes of individuals, the masters and the servants, the employers and the employees, or the providers and the dependants. Candide’s philosophy, which advises us to “cultivate our gardens,” can be a breakthrough from the social injustices that result from careless handling of dependence. Biblically, a ...