Universe Argumentative Essays Samples For Students

Camus was a philosopher who debated absurdity and the meaning of life. His basic premise is that human life is absurd. According to him, the choices we make as humans about the lives we lead are verging on the ridiculous. He theorises, however, that the combination of human beings and the universe are what make both absurd. While Camus has some valid points within this topic, the only solution appears to be abolishing the application of reason to the universe, which is impossible to do due to the intrinsic connection between human beings and reason and, therefore, absurdity seems impossible ...

<p>The existence of God has always been discussed and argued over by many people as some argue that he does exist while others argue that he does not exist. Many people have varying views on how the world came into existence as some people share common beliefs on this issue. Arguments on the existence of God come in different forms basing on history, personal experience, science and philosophy. I believe that God does exist because there are several evidences that have been brought to book to prove that He exists.<br /> Plato believed in gods and not God. He <!--more-->taught that people should believe in the existence of gods (Daniel, 2005). His first argument was that the world did not create itself and therefore, there must be something or some being that created it. He believed that the entire world was created by the gods and everyone should believe in them. Plato’s second argument about the existence of the gods was that many people have believed in their existence and therefore, all human beings should too. He urges that, he believes in the gods since everyone believes in them because they created everything on the earth and without them, there could be no starts, moon and the sun.<br /> There are three most popular argument that have been developed to prove the existence of God; cosmological, teleological and ontological (Robert, 2005). The first argument to prove God’s existence is the cosmological argument by Aquinas Thomas. This argument makes one ask him/herself that if there is no God, then how did the universe come into existence? This is the first cause argument which seeks to prove that God exists because the universe exists. It is a fact that nothing can really come into existence unless there is someone or something behind its existence, therefore nothing comes from nothing, and it has to come from something. Consequently, there must be something or someone behind the existence of the universe thus it is God who is behind it and so, he exists. According to Beck (2002) the cosmological argument demonstrates that, there is an existence of a creator. Furthermore, for every effect, there must be an adequate antecedent cause meaning that, the universe did not create itself, neither is it eternal as many scientist claim. It has an adequate cause as it is the effect and an effect requires an antecedent cause.<br /> Another important argument to present rational justification that God does exist is the teleological argument. This is an argument from design whereby everything in the universe is designed to fit its purpose. It takes a designer to end up with a purposeful design and therefore it took a designer who is God to design the entire universe to fit its purpose and be a good place for plants, animals and human beings. This argument states that, the world works with specific laws which are followed by everyone. The universe is arranged in an orderly manner and it took a supreme being to arrange it the way it is in order since everything was created for its purpose. This argument for the existence of God is successful because it takes a supreme being to create and arrange everything in the universe for its sole purpose.<br /> The third argument to prove the existence of God is the ontological argument. It was formulated by St. Anselm and René Descartes. It proves God’s existence through the laws of logic (Barnes, 1972). People should just think logically and accept that God does exist because without him, there could be nothing including human beings in the world. It is logical that there must be a creator to create human beings and everything they need in order to survive in the universe. This argument makes us think how we came into existence and appreciate everything that God has provided us in order to live comfortably in the universe. According to the ontological argument, there is no need for people to think how was the world created? Nor look for evidence to prove God’s existence because he does exist through just thinking of the things he has created and given to the entire human race. God exists because He has to and it is impossible for Him not to exist after creating the universe (Oppy, 2007).<br /> The existence of evil is the main argument against the existence of God (Philip, 1963). Many people argue that if He really exists, they why is there so much suffering and evil in the world? They must first accept that He does exist then learn what He expects of them so as to avoid the pain, suffering and evil in the world.<br /> After the above arguments, I believe there is sufficient evidence that God exists. Nevertheless, the underlying fact of whether one believes the evidence for or against His existence is based on a person’s religious experiences and beliefs. Therefore, it is upon every individual to believe that God exists since enough evidence has been provided and it can only take a supreme being to create the universe with everything in it. Through ontological, teleological and cosmological arguments, it has been proven that God does exist and for sure He exists.</p> <h2>Reference List</h2> <p>Barnes, J. (1972). The Ontological Argument. London: MacMillan Publishing Co.<br /> Beck, W. D. (2002). “The Cosmological Argument: A Current Bibliographical Appraisal,” Philosophia Christi, vol.2, no. 2, pp. 283–304.<br /> Daniel, A. D. (2005). A Platonic Philosophy of Religion: A Process Perspective. New York: Suny Press.<br /> Oppy, G. (2007). Ontological Arguments and Belief in God. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press<br /> Philip, W. (1963). Five Philosophers. New York: The Odyssey Press Inc.<br /> Robert, S. (2005). Introducing Philosophy. New York: Oxford University Press Inc.<br /> .</p> ...

Intelligence design and Darwinian Theory of evolution

Intelligent designs

Intelligence design is a scientific research program that constitutes professionals ranging from scientists, philosophers and the community of believers that are trying to seek the evidence-based design work. This design says that matters of existence and world origins are best explained by an intellectual undertaking and not a story that has no direction like the Darwinian Theory of natural selection (DeWolf et al., 2007).When one studies the components of a given measure, one can outline the issues of law, chances in life and conditions found in intelligence design. It is only through intelligence that scientists can ...

Introduction
The concept of the existence of God spans throughout all existing religions in the world. Divinity centered on a supreme being became the main reference point of different people across various cultures in explaining particular phenomena that has found difficult elucidation. Several concepts of God are apparent in the way different religious bodies manifest their beliefs. Yet, arguments assailing the existence of God continue to be prevalent, alongside variations on how numerous religions conceive God. Up to what extent is the concept of the existence of God controversial? This study seeks to ...

The Lord of Death, in the Indian epic of Mahabharata, asked his son about the most astounding aspect of the present world. The boy responded, “It is that all around us people can be dying and we don’t believe it can happen to us” (Halifax 6). Such typical refusal to accept death’s inevitability is particularly common in the modern Western society. Generally, the mainstream philosophers shunt any interest in paranormal matters like spirit possession, extra-sensory perceptions, spirit mediumship, reincarnation, and out-of-body experiences into the dark corners of their profession (Hales 335). Eminent philosophers like Antony Flew and ...

Introduction

The purpose of the following essay is to research one of the central ideas of the Heraclites philosophy – the doctrine of flux, and to argue whether that doctrine undermines the possibility of knowledge. The particular attention is paid to the ideas of the Heraclites` follower, Cratylus, which form the main opposition to the doctrine. The theory is also evaluated through its relation with other ideas and doctrines of Heraclites, like the idea of singularity and the unity of the opposites.
“Everything flows” is one of the most famous sayings of Heraclitus which serves as the basis for a so-called ...

The nature of God is one of the most controversial and widely debated topics in the history of mankind. Across cultures, religions, and generations, people have always argued about the precise qualities, attributes and characteristics of God. In order to understand the nature of God, it is important to understand the meaning of the word God. According to Pickover (14-16), God is a common word for a personal object of worship and is usually applied to all superhuman beings. In Christianity and all other monotheistic religions, God is described as the creator of the universe and the giver of ...

There has always been an opposition between religion and science, despite the confession and the type of scientific data. The reasons behind this battle are understandable, as each of paradigms tries to explain the development of the universe differently. Each of the sides has its own arguments. A religious view is based on faith, while scientific point of view roots in theory, logic, and facts proved or disproved by experimental design. In his editorial “Science Increasingly Makes the Case for God” Eric Metaxas tries to argue that today scholars admit God’s authorship of the universe (Metaxas). In order ...

Introduction

For a long period, Christians and atheists continue to maintain conflicting perceptive about the existence of God. Consequently, this issue triggers unending debates. The argument about the existence of God does not simply entail sensory proof. This is because universal perception is a determinant of what will be accepted as proof in the first place. In order to be certain in either side of argument, there is need for evidence. Theorists provide conflicting perspectives in support of atheism and existence of God. Christians derive their source of proof from biblical writings. However, these sources receive disqualification from atheists as mere theoretical ...

Rhonda Byrne’s book, The Secret, is one of the bestselling books around the globe. It s content has also elicited much sales for the DVD by the same author of Prime Time Productions (Heuvel 5). According to Byrne, the secret is the law of attraction that posits that one’s thoughts attract everything that is in existence within their life i.e. our thoughts act as the centre of attraction for everything that has happened, is happening or will happen in one’s life. Scientifically, it follows the principle of magnetism. The feelings that are generated in the body ...

Psychology

Introduction
The context of hard determinism is very straightforward. It was coined in such term because it implies a strict position about issues and matters that are universal in nature. In addition, hard determinism does not accord with moral responsibility considering that moral dispositions are incompatible with determinism. In this discussion, an argumentative position will be asserted in favor of hard determinism.

Arguments on Hard Determinism

In the case of hard determinism, it is real and it implies that there is no free will. This position encompasses a question of whether people have a free will or everything happen for a reason. For ...

Zeno Paradoxes

Zeno of Elea is a mathematician and a Greek philosopher who is famous for his paradoxes that deals with or explains the continuity of motion. He was born during 490 BCE and was a strong devotee of Parmenides who also introduced the Eleactic school of thought in the current southern Italy. He survives in Parmenides, Plato's dialog and from it the origin of paradoxes becomes clear. One of the most familiar paradoxes put across by Zeno states that I cannot walk over you as I need to get there halfway, and in the event that I succeed I must still cover the remaining ...

The first argument Aquinas presents in the favor of the existence of God is the argument of the prime mover. This is probably Aquinas’s most solid argument with a clear logical follow. Aquinas argues that some things in this world are, inarguably, in motion. Everything that can be moved or has a potential to move is moved by something else. Every object is set into motion by another object. Only an actual object in motion can set another potentially moveable object into motion. Every object is either actually in motion or potentially in motion. No object can be actually and ...

Dawkins Richard compares religion to a virus, which spreads and infects the weak-minded people, making them produce aberrant behavior. Like a virus, religion begins as a by- product, and use human beings to propagate its spread. Religions are costly to those infected in them, just as the idea of viruses. Religions demand large amounts of time and money impose health risks and make people believe in things that are contradicting. Religions and viruses succeed by using threats and promises, which People accept and want to pass. This is evident in Michael Blume’s speech, “The reproductive advantage of religion.” In his graph, ...

Question 1

The Romantic poet Percy Bysshe Shelley, in many of his works, tends to celebrate the idealized relationship between man and nature. He feels that nature is absolutely beautiful and powerful, and is connected to man through the divine spirit of God. In "Mont Blanc," he refers to God when talking about the titular mountain and the Arve River, and in "Hymn to Intellectual Beauty" he cites a "spirit of beauty" as something that us the source of all truth and joy (766). "Ode to the West Wind" utilizes a terza rima format for its five cantos of text - here, it ...

Abstract

The issue of whether creationism should be taught in schools is one of contention. Many people believe that as many people believe in creationism, it should therefore be part of education and, in particular, part of science lessons in schools. However, there is strong opposition to this, mainly with the argument that creationism is not based on scientific fact and therefore should not be part of a science lesson. Overall, it appears that creationism should be taught as a world view in religious education classes, but not in science subjects.

Over recent years, there has been much debate as to whether creationism ...

One of the generally established positions considering the scientific revolution of the XVII century is that the European science (primarily related to the classical natural sciences) originated from it. It is interesting that it emerged at once in the interrelation of all components: theoretical knowledge, its rationale and mathematical description, experimental testing, social structure with network of scientific communication and public application. Among the phrases that can best show the way of thinking that started acting at that time, there is one William Gilbert wrote in his Preface: “LIFE is a Chemical Process: In that of every Individual there has ...

Argumentative essay

Christianity as a religion has many teachings, which relatively differ in their teaching and how each perceives, obey and acknowledge its leadership. The Roman Catholics and other protestant denominations, for example, differ in the number of books that the bible contains; the Catholics include the Apocryphal books (The Scots Confession A. D. 1560). The differences, however, accept the canonical books that makeup the Old and the New Testaments. However, these differences do not represent an outright disagreement or difference on their faith and believe in the true living God. They represent the holiness and the source of the regulation, foundation ...

Introduction

This argumentative essay will examine different thoughts regarding religion. This analysis has been carried out with the help of specific epistemology. Some of the most important discussions are carried out in order argue critically about the practices of religion, ethics and science.
1.Ethics
A
Ethical system based on humanity and equality is essential for making a balanced society. Any kind of ethical system, which is backed by the factors of humanity and equality, will surely give benefits to the people living in any part of the world. It is no denying the fact that every ethical system ...

A critical re-examination of Plato's Phaedo argument reveals that learning involves a recollection of prenatal knowledge. Plato`s thoughts on the knowledge that rests upon recollection is brought out through Socrates, his speaker. Socrates gives too much attention to the case of equal stones and sticks which are in most of the occasions viewed as existing without complete success that resembles a Form. Plato takes two different approaches in handling the theory of knowledge. In both the Phaedo and Meno, he presents this theory of knowledge as a recollection (Sedley, 1992, p 312). Plato presents his theory as a more or less incidental part ...

Argumentative Essay: Idealism versus Realism

Introduction
The philosophy is the basis of human intellectual development because the knowledge provides mental infrastructure that operates in order to assist the humans in terms of understanding the world that exists around them. However, there are marked differences between the two leading schools of thought in this regard. According to Augustine, idealism is conventional approach towards gaining knowledge (Barnes, 237). The basic strings of idealism go back to the era of ancient Greeks who thought that their intellectual capacity was sufficient regarding accumulation of knowledge in the world (Page 116). Realism on the other side argues that ...

In 1798, Thomas Malthus predicted that humans would soon run out of food to eat. He thought that the limits on the world’s arable land meant that food supply would simply not rise as quickly as population would. Even in 1798, Malthus felt that the population was at the point of growing faster than food supply, so he did not see this as a problem that would show up millennia later; instead, he saw it as an imminent development. Of course, we are still here, more than 200 years later, and the plenty available for sale in supermarkets throughout ...

Introduction

Determinism is a word used in philosophy to describe the idea that all events, actions, decisions and forms are a consequence of antecedent or past events that were inevitable. In its extreme philosophical sense, the word determinism describes naturalism, or the idea that everything is natural including our decisions and human behaviors. It is very important to separate the word determinism with pre-determinism, another term that vaguely describes the idea that everything in the universe is predetermined. The concept of determinism has been around for thousands of years albeit taking different terms, among them, necessitarianism, a term that describes the inevitability that ...

Please type your name here

Please type your instructor name here
Philosophy

‘The Will to Believe’ is a speech written by William James. This lecture was published for the first time in the year 1896. In this lecture, James defends the concept of people adopting a belief without having any former proofs about the truths of the belief. The primary concern of James in this lecture is about supporting the reasonableness of religious faith without having adequate evidence to substantiate the truth behind the religious belief. James also provides difference between science and religion in this lecture.
This paper basically aims at identifying the ...

The question as to the continuity of personhood is a question that has been addressed to Buddhism since it’s beginning. In Henry Clarke Warren’s Pali translation of select passages of Buddhist Sacred Books, “Buddhism in Translations” there is a scene where a between The Buddha and a wandering ascetic who demands desperately for an answer of the Buddha to his question, “Whether or not the Saints exist after their death?” The Buddha saw this as a dualistic question, and gave him a nonduelist answer which stemmed from the basic phenomenology of Buddhism. The Buddhist answer the question of whether the saints live after ...

Film Studies

The Big Bang Theory is the best sitcom based on nerd culture. Based on the plot of the story, the four characters in the sitcom named Leonard Hofstadter, Sheldon Cooper, Howard Wolowitz and Raj Koothrappali. All of the main characters are certified geeks and work a Caltech as they engage in their science-related jobs. This is opposed to the other fifth character, Penny who is an aspiring actress and a waitress by profession and quite known for her common sense. The main theme of the show is physics and the dialogue of the four geek characters is mostly focused on news ...

Reductionism is the application of deductive logic to formal scientific systems that eliminates obsolete or unnecessary theories, while still incorporating older ones that had been verified into the new synthesis. In psychology, for example, a physicalist would reduce the concept of mind to brain and various mental and emotional states to biological processes (Jones 145). Thomas Nagel thought that the earliest examples of reductionism during the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment of the 17th and 18th Centuries were the most successful. This era of history produced many examples of homogeneous reductionism, such as the ancient theories of bodily humors giving way ...

Norah Vincent, a lesbian journalist, decided that the only way to discover the truth about the lives and experiences of men was to live as a man. She did so for eighteen months, and it led to one of the most remarkable journalistic feats since the white reporter John Griffin darkened his skin and lived as a black man in the South. Griffin’s 1961 book Black Like Me became an instant classic and was made into a movie in 1964 and he faced threats and harassment from many whites and was forced to move to Mexico for a year. Vincent, who charged her ...

Over recent years, there has been much debate as to whether evolution rather than, or in addition to, creationism should be taught in public schools. There are many groups and individuals on both side of the argument. Interestingly, some scientists are in favour of the teaching of creationism, though the vast majority are not. Although it is generally agreed that there is no scientific fact to support the notion of creationism, many believe that it should be taught to students as an alternative viewpoint. However, evolution is scientifically proven and therefore all children in public schools should be taught ...

Religion is a common topic in debates where two sides aim to prove or argue against God’s existence. The arguments in the debate are found in several philosophical disciplines, such as epistemology, ontology, theory of value, and other disciplines. Furthermore, the debate on God’s existence in contemporary society is not only limited to philosophy, but it is a common debate in contemporary popular culture. In this paper I will cover some arguments that support God’s existence, but I will mainly focus on the ontological argument. I will explain why deductive arguments, such as the Cosmological argument, are weak ...

Arguably, it is not possible to precisely define “science” since it has many facets. However, it is very important to note that science entails a set of principles that have been proved which can be used in giving explanations of facts and phenomena. As a matter of fact, numerous theories have been developed by various scholars in various academic fields in the attempt to address various issues in these fields, (Wade, 2005). Generally these theories can be categorized as either scientific or non scientific. However, debates have emerged lately concerning whether or not certain theories should be categorized under “scientific theories.” ...