1. The molecule chosen for the analysis is Immunicillin -H. It is a transition state analogue for the enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP). Chemically Immunicillin -H is [(1S)-1-(9-deazahypozanthine-9yl)-1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-ribitol] (Kicska et al. 2001)
2. PNP is important for the degradation of nucleotides, especially deoxy guanosine. In the absence of this enzyme, deoxy guanosine accumulates and inhibits T cell function, causing T cell mediated immunosuppression. Inhibitors of PNP were found useful in treating T cell malignancies. Inhibiting PNP using transition state analogue, triggers apoptosis of T cells. Though Immunicillin-H inhibits stimulated malignant and nonmalignant T cells, ...
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Connective tissue growth factor induces collagen I expression in human lung fibroblasts through the Rac1/MLK3/JNK/AP-1 pathway
Many lung inflammatory diseases present pulmonary fibrosis as one of the symptoms, which is characterized by shortness of breath, chronic coughing and discomfort in the chest. It causes modifications of the lung tissues due to overgrowth, hardening and scarring. This occurs mainly due to deposition of collagen, an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, whose turnover is regulated by fibroblast. Fibroblast is an important cell regulator that is enlisted by a site of injury. This process is driven by release of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), platelet-derived growth factor, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-8/CXCL8.
Previously, fibroblast was thought to express no or very ...
Introduction:
The function of many living organisms is coupled with a vast array of cells .These units in turn serve as role playing agents for the fundamental physiology that determines the well being of organisms. However, variations in cellular environment are thought to regulate cell growth, division and survival. A network of molecular pathways or signaling events are interlinked with the cellular functions .Alterations in this specific functional aspect could lead to unnecessary complications which may lead to health abnormalities. In such context , the present description is concerned with highlighting about mTOR Signaling in Carcinogenesis.
mTOR stands for mammalian target ...