Protein Article Reviews Samples For Students

VAMP7 Modulates Ciliary Biogenesis in Kidney Cells

Epithelial cells elaborate specialized domains with distinguishable compositions of lipid as well as protein, which include the basolateral and apical surfaces together with primary cilia. For proper functioning of the cell, maintenance of these domains; identity is necessary and requires the selective and efficient SNARE-mediated vesicles fusion that contain newly produced and recycling proteins that have the suitable target membrane. There exist many pathways to carry freshly synthesized proteins to the kidney cells’ apical surface, and the post-Golgi SNAREs, or VAMPs that participate in these distinguishable pathways have not been discovered. There has been implication of VAMP7 in delivery ...

Connective tissue growth factor induces collagen I expression in human lung fibroblasts through the Rac1/MLK3/JNK/AP-1 pathway

Many lung inflammatory diseases present pulmonary fibrosis as one of the symptoms, which is characterized by shortness of breath, chronic coughing and discomfort in the chest. It causes modifications of the lung tissues due to overgrowth, hardening and scarring. This occurs mainly due to deposition of collagen, an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, whose turnover is regulated by fibroblast. Fibroblast is an important cell regulator that is enlisted by a site of injury. This process is driven by release of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), platelet-derived growth factor, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-8/CXCL8.
Previously, fibroblast was thought to express no or very ...

Human Immunodeficiency Virus, a main cause of worldwide AIDs, belongs to the Lentivirus genus of Retroviridae family. Pathogen causes chronic type of symptoms, taking a long time of latency it constantly keeps replicating inside human body. HIV is categorised into two types, HIV-1 and HIV-2. The genome of this retrovirus consists of two single-stranded RNA molecules. Though, both are involved in AIDS, HIV-2 seemed less virulent and demonstrated more frequent connections with the disease of central nervous system (Fanales-Belasio et al. 5).
Like other retroviruses, the genes located on HIV chromosome are gag, pol, env. The functions of gag, pol ...

Summary

Introduction
The two articles focus on researches that were conducted so as to get some viable findings that involved analyzing the effects of amino acids and carbohydrates of muscular adaptations under different circumstances.
Summary
In the research by Ferreiraa et al. (2014), the most beneficial strategy of improving the performance of muscles is through the intake of nutrients, especially carbohydrates and protein during peri-exercise. Several methods and materials were used before coming to this conclusion. The methods used were supplementation protocol, experimentation approach and pretesting analysis. Resistance exercise protocol, muscle biopsies and blood sampling were highly ...

Introduction:

The function of many living organisms is coupled with a vast array of cells .These units in turn serve as role playing agents for the fundamental physiology that determines the well being of organisms. However, variations in cellular environment are thought to regulate cell growth, division and survival. A network of molecular pathways or signaling events are interlinked with the cellular functions .Alterations in this specific functional aspect could lead to unnecessary complications which may lead to health abnormalities. In such context , the present description is concerned with highlighting about mTOR Signaling in Carcinogenesis.
mTOR stands for mammalian target ...

Eukaryotic organisms’ cells are composed of different types of primary and processed RNAs. These RNAs are locally found in the nucleus, cytosol or throughout the cells. To understand the function of RNA as a type of protein, RNA profiling has been carried out leading to the birth of a genomic project known as “ENCODE or the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements”. The goal of the project is to identify and characterize functional elements that are present in the genes (Djebali et al.).
In the paper Landscape of Transcription in Human Cells the study tries to answer the general question: should the ...

Abstract

IFITM3, a protein induced by interferon, restricts reovirus infection in host cells and inhibits the viral replication. It affects the proper penetration of the virus by altering the dynamics of the viral uncoating in the endosomes. This study is the first in characterizing the anti-viral activity of IFITM3 on non enveloped viruses that depend on endosome for cellular entry.
Following contagion with a virus, the body triggers the release of a class of cytokines, interferons that are involved in first line of defense against infection. Type I interferons are specifically induced in the cells following insult with both DNA and RNA ...

Introduction:

Living organisms are equipped with robust machinery for executing a myriad of tasks to meet the day to day biological challenges. This machinery in turn relies on one or more interconnected pathways or networks composed of nucleic acid, proteins and other essential constituents. To say, it is the precise function of these components which determines the physiological well being organisms. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinases is one such known component that performs diverse physiological roles through its associations with the molecular machinery.
mTOR is a protein that responds to metabolism and ageing, intercellular stress to growth regulation, growth factors ...

is this in the references?

Assignment 1: Molecular Cell Biology

3001BPS Molecular Cell Biology 2012
Assignment 1
Instructions: Use onlythe 9pages and spaces as provided. Type all textusing at least 10 point font. Diagrams should be hand drawn.
PART A

Genetic studies for identifying genes involved in lysosome biogenesis led to the identification of a gene encoding a novel protein of approximately 80 kDa. An antibody was raised in rabbits to investigate the subcellular localisation of the protein using both immunofluorescence microscopy and immunogold electron microscopy. Mouse monoclonal antibodies to a known lysosomallumenal protein, hydrolase , were used as controls in these experiments. The results ...

ChREBP is a protein in the liver that helps in the metabolism of glucose and the stores fat in the body. ChREBP acts as a transcript factor in sorting out the gene activated by glucose appearance of numerous enzymes in the liver, that are accountable for conversion of surplus carbohydrate to fats. ChREBP is translocate into the nucleus with the help of high levels of glucose, and later on-regulates transcriptional activity.
When serum glucose increase in level, the isoforms of glucose transporter kinase (hexokinase IV) and GLUT2, appear in the hepatocyte and facilitate equilibration and rapid uptake of intracellular glucose ...

Gene Editing Techniques

1. Gene Editing – General Background
Gene editing entails inserting, deleting and replace the DNA in a genome of an organism utilizing engineered nucleases. Sections of the natural gene are replaced and completed using a synthetic DNA chain. Also, the natural repair process gets rid of the mismatches and gaps in the DNA. On the other hand, gene disruption is a technique by which the DNA fragment is utilized to replace a genome sequence with a chosen marker gene like the kanavanine resistance. DNA –binding proteins are proteins that consist of DNA-binding domains and hence have affinity for single and ...

Analytical methods to evaluate seed dormancy in legumes

Abstract
Legumes are known to have multiple health benefits. The seed coat in particular contains a number of bioactive compounds which possess antioxidant activity. Of great interest is the relationship between the chemical composition of the seed coat and its role in seed dormancy. Modern technological approaches are currently used to further identify these compounds and determine their role in seed development; these include NRIS FTIR, mass spectroscopy, electron microscopy and chromatography. The following review describes the constituents of the legume seed coat and their respective roles in dormancy and other stages of seed development. The review also highlights ...

Introduction

Advances in research have brought a substantial progress in the field of nutritional therapy provisions. The current advancement has seen researchers combine Arginine and Proline dietary that have been fed to diabetic rats to accelerate wound healing in these mammals. A combination of the two nutrients has several important functions, which include; enhancement in wound healing and angiogenesis as well as improved repair of damaged tissues, help keep both cartilage and collagen production at optimal levels. It is also important in protein synthesis by working as a primary substrate, triggers cell proliferation when it breaks down to Polyamines and ...

Not all proteins are equally good to the human’s body. Animal proteins have all the required amino acids because they are the most similar to the ones we have in our body. Such sources of animal proteins as red meat and egg yolks are rich with heme iron and zinc which are better absorbed by the body than the same elements from plant proteins. Moreover, meat contains B12 which cannot be found in plant proteins, and this vitamin has a big influence on healthy functioning of our nervous system. Milk and dairy products supply the organism with nine ...

“Designer Protain blocks all know Strains of HIV.” An article by Davis McNamee written on 18th February 2015 on the Journal Nature
Internet Link: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/289611.php
The exceeding revealed article parleys about new drug candidate that researchers at the Scripps Research Institute in Jupiter have developed. The researchers asserted to have created a drug candidate that is effective forming a foundation of vaccine alternative.

Introduction

Vaccines are molded from antibodies, which form a coat that prevent it from destroying the healthy cells in the body. Farzan, the chief researcher argued that antibodies failed to inhibit a great number of HIV strains. As a replacement ...

Introduction

Trillions of microbes constitute the “Metagenome” of the human gut. This is the organ called microbiome, which is highly essential, and offers the host benefits such as metabolic abilities, pathogen protection, immune system enhancement, and GI tract developmental modulations (De Fillipo, et al.).
In their study, three questions regarding the evolution of the human microbiota have been raised. They are: (1) how does the partitioning of bacterial diversity between and within two populations studied? (2) Does there exist a correlation between the diet and bacterial diversity?; and (3) considering the varied geography and hygienic conditions, what is the bacterial ...

Scientists have found metallopolymers. Metallopolymers are used to make strains vulnerable to antibiotics. Previously, bacteria were resistant to these antibiotics. Tang and his colleagues noted that a significant fraction of infection is caused by bacteria such as MRSA. MRSA is spread through contaminated hands. The presence of MRSA in the body causes pneumonia and deters treatment by traditional antibiotic such as penicillin when they produce enzymes. Although much effort has been made to inactivate this enzyme, a successful resolution has not been reached. In the process of coming up with a better alternative, Tang’s team tested a recently discovered class against a number ...

Monkeys from HIV-Like Infection

Microbiology: Journal Review

“Experimental Vaccine Partially Protects Monkeys from HIV-Like Infection”
www.ScienceDaily.com

Many websites are available for serious researchers to access and share information. Unfortunately the mass media for the most part does not offer journalists with expertise in science. People are interested in the health of their families and need to know about medical research. The www.ScienceDaily.com is a website that offers the most recent research and scientific news in non-scientific language. This paper reviews an article from the ScienceDaily.com website. Three scientific research websites are evaluated.

Too many people are being infected by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( ...

The article "Scientists Talk Privately About Creating A Synthetic Human Genome", written by Andrew Pollack, is about the research made by the author and other scientists in the sphere of the coordinated oscillations. They have managed to contemplate the human genome fabrication within the modern synthetic biology. They took various forms and components, linked them in order to create differently new forms with the aim of creating the new human DNA by use of chemicals. In general, synthetic biology considers the switches of genes, and the scientists made there investigations within that sphere.
In recent years, instead of the ...

Introduction

The study meant to determine the timing of consumption of creatine monohydrate supplementation was carried out to analyze whether it had any effect on an individual. The consumption of creatine supplementation is proven to increase lean body mass as well as improve the overall exercise performance of an individual. However, the impact of its consumption during timed workout sessions is not known, that is pre and post workout regimes.
The research was motivated by the well-known fact that the consumption of proper nutrients pre-workout significantly enhances lean body mass as well as expediting skeletal muscle recovery. For instance, the ...

Abstract analysis

Iyamu et al. (2014) has investigated proteins produced in HNSCC cell line SQ20B e cultivated in the serum free environment, later each protein has been cut into 10 pieces and analyzed using join liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy techniques, what enabled to show “prominent changes in the proteome when AHSG expression is diminished” (Iyamu, 2014).
Mass spectroscopy used in this research was developed in 20th century. It is selective and sensitive for the developed procedures. If the methodology is accurate the technique allows to determine even the slightest difference and thus to identify the molecules with nearly 100% accuracy. On ...

Article Review

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Article Review
According to Yao and Rahman (2011), the management options for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are very limited and the mainstay is dilators of the bronchus. It is alarming because the disease burden for COPD is much higher. This article focuses on the etiology of the disease and it is stated that the main factor that incites the pathology that leads to COPD is strongly dependent on the stress and inflammation. It is made clear in the article that this disease is multifactorial. Cigarette smoking ...

Fueling for Fitness and Optimal Performance

This article stresses on the importance of having a sound eating plan or a ‘fueling’ plan for athletes, while hitting the gym or competing in an upcoming marathon or even Olympics. This ‘fueling’ plan not only helps them exercise with more energy, meet training goals faster and perform better but recover more completely from workouts, decreasing the risk of injuries and stay in overall better shape. The link between nutrition and fitness is realised by common people too, as almost 67% of American say they are currently making changes to improve their diets and overall health.
It is very important ...

1.Basically we know that, it’s wrong to mention only 1 gland and 1 hormone involved in energy metabolism, as we at least 3 endocrine glands interfere in energy metabolism. Thyroid, Parathyroid glands and Pancreas. Two most affecting hormones produced by thyroid gland are thyroxine or T4 and triiodothyronine or T3. Parathyroid gland regulates the thyroid gland. But according to the article, I assume that the Pancreas and Insulin are meant to be mentioned, Pancreas is a gland in endocrine and digestive system and the hormones that are involved in energy metabolism are somatostatin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide and of course ...