Disease Case Studies Samples For Students

Based on research findings, the leading disease and apparently the cause of deaths in United States health care system has been established to be heart disease (cardiovascular disease), heart disease is responsible for about 28.5 % of all the deaths in the United States (Meyer, 2013). These results concur with the prevalence of heart disease in New York.
Apart from cardiovascular disease, another prevalent and apparently the second cause of deaths in New York State is cancer (Barker, 2013). This disease has several risk factors associated with it that includes an individual’s lifestyle, genetic makeup, and the environmental ...

1. What microorganism do you believe is to blame for this illness (be specific)? Provide background information on this organism, history, morphology, virulence factors, toxins

Hemophilus Influenza is a cocobacillus that is small, pleomorphic and is gram-negative. It is non-motile and does not form spores. It is also a facultative anaerobe. Some strains of Hemophilus influenza have a capsule composed of polysaccharide (Deverajan, 2012), (CDC, 2013). There are 6 different stereotypes of the virus, labeled a-f. This division is based on the biochemical differences in the capsules (Deverajan, 2012). Some strains of Hemophilus Influenza do not possess capsules and are therefore referred to as nonencapsulated Hemophilus Influenza. They are also sometimes called nontypeable Hemophilus influenza. Identification of the different strains is done by slide agglutination for stereotyping ( ...

Spina bifida is neural tube defects that are caused by ecological and hereditary factors that are not yet fully understood. There is no known cure yet for Spina Bifida condition, the damaged nerve tissue cannot be replaced. Some surgical interventions depend on the severity of the disease. In the worst case scenario, if the severe conditions are detected earlier through ultrasound, abortion is recommended.
Folate, also called folic acid is a B group vitamin that can prevent most neural tube defects. The recommended dose for the women who are planning to become expectant is 0.5 mg every day for a ...

Asthma is a chronic airway disease that is difficult to manage because of numerous risk factors and complicated by poor self-management. This is a case study of acute severe asthma triggered by viral respiratory infection and exercise in an Aboriginal female with chronic asthma. The discussion will include the diagnostic tests, patient assessment, care and interventions, medications, and nursing care performed or should have been performed. The expected outcomes will also be described.

An arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis was performed showing respiratory acidosis and mild hypoxaemia. Above normal PaCO2 and below normal pH meant the lungs could not eliminate carbon ...

[Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees]
[Institutional Affiliation(s)]
[Include any grant/funding information and a complete correspondence address.]
Breast cancer is one of the deadliest cancer prevalent in the modern world. According to the Journal of national Comprehensive Cancer Network, the author Therese B. Bevers, (2009) clearly states that Women in the United States have an increased risk of breast cancer. The incidents and the mortality due to breast cancer has also drastically increased in past decade. Thus considering all above statistics, it is very clear that breast cancer is a grave disease. However, ...

Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is an infection that affects the meninges, the cerebrospinal fluid and the spinal cord that causes death and disability in a number of people worldwide. This is a highly contagious airborne disease that is spread through the transmission of three organisms present in the respiratory secretions: Neisseria meningitides, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The onset or origins of the disease varies among different age groups and geographic locations. According to estimates, 200,000 people die annually of meningitis. Case fatality rates vary with age at time of illness and also depend on the particular bacterial strain causing the infection ( ...

Section One:

Background Information
Bipolar disorder, which is also known as the Manic-depressive illness. It is a disorder in the brain that triggers unusual changes in mood, activity levels, energy. It as well hinders the ability for a person to go about with their daily tasks. Bipolar has very severe side effects if it was not discovered in time. It may lead to poor relationships with other people, poor work relations with colleagues, poor performance in the workplace or at school and can lead to the victim committing suicide. The bipolar disorder can, however, be treated, and the people with the disease ...

Meadowbank TAFE

HLTAP501A/B/C Analyze Health Information
HLTCOM510B Provide Services to Clients with Chronic Disease or Conditions
PATHOLOGY ASSIGNMENT
–ASTHMA–
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic problem that influences lung function. Clinically asthma is identified by the variation in expiratory airflow and abnormal respiratory symptoms such as wheezing, chest congestion, cough, and shortness of breath. The aetiology of asthma is linked to a mixture of genetic and environmental factors, though; heredity or atopy also plays a role in asthma. Asthma is categorized into two types: extrinsic (allergic) and intrinsic (nonallergic). Allergic asthma is an outcome of the reaction of an antibody ...

with numbness in both feet.

With numbness in both feet.

Normal aging process symptoms
Numbness of both feet in an obese 75 year old male could be attributed to several causes inclusive of the normal aging process. Some are peripheral neuropathy; monnueropathy; diabetic neuropathy; spinal stenosis; slipped disk and peripheral vascular disease. With regards to aging and unassociated with any other disease process numbness in both legs at age 75 accompanied by obesity could signal nerve damage linked to poor circulation in the extremities (Digiovanna, 2000).
Blood vessels and heart muscles tend to age with age. This means that valves, nerves responsible ...

Philosophy

Heart Disease as the Largest Health Threat
In our current period, I feel that heart disease is the largest health threat globally. This class of disease has been the deadliest if not one of the leading causes of death around the world based on the statistics and research done by many doctors and scientist. There have been some recent studies done by the American Heart Association showing statistical results including its risk factors. In addition, the results also showed that heart disease is still the leading cause of fatality among adults in the United States (San Luis, 2013). ...

(Institution Name)

Introduction

A virus is a program capable of self-replication. Most viruses tend to be parasitic by nature. It can attach itself to any file or object and can be transmitted to another computer. The virus, once activated, looks for another suitable carrier to attach itself to transfer. By nature, viruses and worms are similar, in the sense that they both can replicate. Unlike a virus, a worm does not need a host to latch on to and can be transmitted by initiating telecommunications. . However, there are several intermediate forms that resemble both viruses and worms, and these terminologies can be used interchangeably ...

Klebsiella Ozaenae Bacteria

A brief background of Klebsiella ozaenae bacteria; the generic name of Klebsiella is a member of the family of Enterobacteriaceae. Klebsiellae take the shape of the rod and are non-motile but have a polysaccharide capsule. What is the primary work of the encrypting capsule? Firstly, the capsule is responsible for the large appearance for the orgasm. It also provides resistance and immunity to the bacteria against the immune system and the defense mechanism of the host’s body (Goldstein, Lewis, Martin & Edelstein, 1978, p. 415). Members of the genus of Klebsiella typically express types of antigens on their cell surfaces. The ...

Meal Planning for Type II Diabetes Mellitus

As the Diabetes Education Centre dietitian, you must provide SG with dietary guidance.
- Based on the information presented develop a nutrition diagnosis for SG. Write this as a PES statement.
- Patient’s uncontrolled glucose and hyperglycemia is related to type 2 diabetes as evidenced by high fat and carbohydrates intake and abnormal laboratory results of Hb-A1C.
- At the risk of cardiovascular and hypertension related to excessive consumption of saturated fat and trans-fatty acid food and pre-packaged products as evidenced by high lipid profile including high total cholesterol, LDL-C and triglyceride level in laboratory results and ...

REPORT FORMName: _________________________________ Condition:Histology

The inner ear consists of a membranous “labyrinth” encased in an occeous labyrinth. The vestibule and semicircular canal are concerned with vestibular function (balance); cochlea is concerned with hearing. The cochlea is a coiled tube. The cochlea coils up from its base. It is coiled around the modiolus. The Reissner’s membrane and the basilar membrane divide the cochlea longitudinally into three scalae. If you cut the cochlear tube cross sectionally, you’d see Scala vestibuli on top, scala tympani on the bottom. Scala media is a triangular duct in the middle. The side of the duct where the nerve fibres exit ...

Abstract

Cancer is one of the most dreaded diseases of all time. It was considered as a disease that cannot be remedied except for the medical breakthroughs in the past half century. So deep is cancer’s fear that it instills depression in its sufferers as soon as its name is mentioned. However, thanks to medical breakthroughs it is curable and the media emphasizes on this night and day. What is cancer and how does it spread, what are its kinds and how it influences the society? An attempt has been made answer these questions in the following article.
Keywords: ...

A local health department epidemiologist investigated an outbreak of gastrointestinal illness thought to be associated with a college cafeteria. There were many complaints about the quality of the cafeteria’s offerings, and it appeared that the student’s worst expectations were confirmed when several students visited the college’s infirmary during the middle of the night and the following day complaining of nausea, diarrhea, fever, vomiting, and cramps. The health department’s investigation revealed that 24 students had eaten in the cafeteria and the development of active symptoms ranged from 24-36 hours. A list of foods eaten, the number of ...

This case study entitled “Airborne Infection Control Case Study: Bay Oaks” (n.d.) describes a rare success story in the fight against Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) or “superbugs” as they are sometimes called. This Miami assisted-living facility has virtually eliminated HAIs, using a system called Novaerus HAI Eradication Technology that filters and processes all the air within the building, including all common areas and the rooms occupied by the home’s residents. A typical resident in Bay Oaks is 84 years old and female, and the oldest resident is 102. A spokesperson noted that if a resident becomes ill and needs hospitalizing, they ...

The concept of Epidemiology is derived from Greek words which mean study upon populations.epi- means upon,-demos mean people and -elogy means study. This study deals with diseases and their impact on health. It analyzes data on how diseases spread among the population of a certain section and the findings are used to determine control measures and the causes of diseases, their relationship with other diseases and find a common measure to curb the effects. It has been widely accepted in the health sector across all concerned organizations including NGOs, hospitals Government health sector. It helps in providing basic information on ...

Informatics systems/applications evolved

There has been a bigger change in the health informatics field since its inception. The initial intention of health informatics was to help healthcare facilities in giving services to the patients. Currently health informatics are replacing almost all of the duties done by humans. Through artificial intelligence, computers can be able to diagnose and prescribe treatment to patients. Home care was a reserve of community based nurses, currently patient management systems are being used in managing patients.
The size of health informatics was very large; they were slow with low capacity. Most of the internet facilities were based on dial ...

Question: - 1 Identify the likely disease process responsible for the patient’s manifestations. Explain the evidence to support your interpretation.
The likely disease process for this responsible for this patient’s manifestation is acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Supporting evidence from case study includes a HIV ELISA positive accompanied by a 5-day fever history, dyspnea, productive cough, and right sided pleuritic chest pain. Even though she does not admit to experiencing any chills, vomiting, headache or rashes there she experienced two pneumonia episodes within the past three years According to her reported history these pneumonias were not associated with ...

The risk stratification of an individual basically takes the following three factors into account:

- The presence or absence of known cardiovascular, pulmonary and/or metabolic disease.
- The presence or absence of signs or symptoms that indicate cardiovascular, pulmonary, and/or metabolic disease.
- The presence or absence of risk factors that can lead to cardiovascular disease.
Those men and women who do not suffer from any known cardiovascular, pulmonary and/or metabolic disease or main symptoms that indicate such disorders and have one or no CVD risk factor are in the low risk category. Moderate risk implies to those who are asymptomatic men and women but have two or more than ...

Question 1: Explain the pathophysiologic defect of Cystic Fibrosis.

A mutation of a single gene, on chromosome 7, leads to the disease, cystic fibrosis. The gene is responsible for encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The normal CFTR is a regulator of chloride channels, which can lead to the regulation of chloride and sodium channels on the surface of the cell. The most common mutation leading to an abnormal CFTR is a mutation is delta F508. The disease can have different phenotypic manifestations depending on the extent of the mutation. The differences in chloride transduction leads to abnormal secretions in various organs, such as the lungs leading to ...

Introduction

Ms. Q is a patient who was diagnosed with an HIV infection five years ago. She has continued to work as a receptionist at an insurance agency throughout this time. Although HIV is a contagious disease, one cannot contract it by touching or sitting next to infected person. Ms. Q recently took a tuberculin skin test, and the results came out positive. Since tuberculin is a very contagious disease, she has decided to share the results of her test with her co-workers and customers of the agency because of the risk she could cause them. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease cause by Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( ...

Influenza is a disease caused by a virus that is passed from person to person through exposure to fluid droplets that contain the virus. Thus, the majority of transmission is caused by physically being coughed or sneezed upon or coming in contact with a surface shortly after it had been coughed or sneezed upon (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2008). Symptoms of influenza infection include fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, muscle aches, headaches, and fatigue. The one universal symptom of influenza is the fever (CDC, 2011). The primary approach for combating influenza is prevention, through vaccination.
...

Discussion of the case

The case study is about the major incidents in the United States of America in October 2001. The country experienced a series of physical and biological terrorism acts. This created fear and tension among the citizens as they sought protection from the terrorism activities. The physical attack involved destruction of property and death of people due to the bombing by the Al Qaeda group. The biological terrorism involves an outbreak of anthrax disease in the United States. The two terrorism activities took place in the month of September and October in 2001. There was an attack by the Osama Bin ...

Abstract

In this essay, a description is made about the SARS virus and of the characteristics that most make this pathogen a feared one, in what regards its spread and severity of the disease.
On SARS cases that have been studied, the characteristics that make this pathogen a feared one are the fact that it is a highly infectious pathogenic agent that is easily transmitted, both by person-to-person contact, in everyday situations like coughing or sneezing, and by contact with infected surfaces, and also the fact that it can be easily confused with common cold situations in its early onset stage and, consequently, ...

Merck’s Roy Vagelos funding research to develop treatment for river blindness was faced with controversies in the Latin America and the world at large. The reason why people were in support of the research was that it would save human lives that had been greatly affected by the worms that bred in rivers. The other thing is that the research would take the research industry in another level. This is because river blindness was a disease that had no cure and the getting cure for the river blindness would be of immense impact to the industry and world at ...

Change Paper

Change Paper

Proposal

Tuberculosis, a bacterial infection, most commonly impacts the respiratory system. Tuberculosis can also affect the neurological system, the lymphatic system, blood circulation system, genitourinary system, bones and joint parts. Often Called TB for short, tuberculosis is the most common major contagious disease today. With that title the virus is infecting two billion people which are approximately one-third of the global population. Latent tuberculosis disease is when a person is contaminated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but does not have signs of illness. They are said to be without signs. Active tuberculosis illness is the full-blown illness and if not handled and ...

Introduction

Modern day health care systems focus on offering holistic care that is patient-centric, safe, effective, efficient and timely. To this end, medical practitioners must have a diverse set of skills and knowledge from pharmacology to human anatomy and physiology. Of this, a sound understanding of anatomy and physiology are critical in provision of care for long term care. Physiology is the study of function in living systems while anatomy is the study of structure in living things. These two disciplines have been central in the delivery of health services since Ancient Greece where philosophers such as Aristotle explained the relationship between ...

Helicobacter pylori, which was formerly known as Campylobacter pyloridis, is a microaerophilic, Gram-negative bacterium present in the stomach. In 1982, Robin Warren and Barry Marshall discovered that it was found in persons who were suffering from chronic gastric ulcers and gastritis, diseases that were not formerly thought to have been caused by microbes. It is also associated with the development of duodenal ulcers and stomach cancer. Nevertheless, more than 80 percent of persons infected with the bacterium show no symptoms, and it has been contended that it may have a crucial role in the natural ecology of the stomach (Blaser, 2006).
...

Introduction to Microbiology

The history of microbiology dates its origin back to 1674 when a Dutch merchant, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek was able to see, for the first time, microbial organisms. The invention of the microscope was, however, the most important step towards the development of microbiology. Microscopic observations made it possible to study and understand bacteria and other microscopic organisms. The discovery of the use of cowpox in the vaccination against smallpox, by Edward Jenner, was a major development in immunity. However, it represented only a small area in the field of microbiology. Therefore, the description of Jenner as the “greatest microbiologist of all time” ...

Jane is a thirty seven year old woman working as a Nurse. Jane has been working in a fast paced technical department of a hospital for over 15 years in a role that requires a very high degree of repetitive hand finger manipulation, and fine manual dexterity. Her roles include application of digital pressure to prevent blood hemorrhage, and complex canulation procedures (RBI, para 5).
Jane has no underlying medical conditions. A general practitioner has already diagnosed Jane with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and the line manager has referred Jane to the occupational safety department to modify her work procedures as a treatment option (RBI, para ...

Public Health is defined as the art and science of preventing diseases which leads to the prolongation of life and also the promotion of health by the hard work of the society. Efficiency in the Public Health can be achieved by well timed, reliable and precise information which can be used to study the health pattern in the different populations. India has been experiencing a very high burden of the infectious diseases in the world accelerated by factors such as large population, poor sanitation, high poverty levels, and problems related with the access to preventive services and health care.
...

In the case study involving the flu strain spreading in urban Minnesota, there certainly is a moral dilemma, as there would be in any situation where one has a vaccine for a potentially deadly disease but not enough of that vaccine to protect all of the members of a given population. In the case of the influenza, it is a frightening disease. Between September of 1918 and June of 1919, 675,000 Americans died of either pneumonia or influenza, easily more than the number of Americans killed in both World Wars, Korea and Vietnam (Redican). Intriguingly, though, it was the young adults, normally among ...

Pediatric Case Study

Part I. Cultural and Family Assessment

Culture and family are oftentimes neglected during patient assessment, especially when the person is viewed only in terms of disease, causes and treatment. However, providing holistic care that encompasses all aspects of the patient’s life has the potential to improve patient outcomes. In nursing theory, Callista Roy and Madeleine Leininger refer to culture as a belief system, a worldview through which the patient perceives health, care, nursing and the world in general (George, 2011). It is transmitted from one generation to the next through interaction in social institutions such as the family, school and ...

Mental health

Introduction
One of the main branches of psychology is mental assessment. This part of psychology calls for numerous observations and ability to relate a certain behavior or response to a set of responses to comprehensively understand the mental status of a person (http://yalepress.yale.edu/yupbooks/excerpts/hicks_50.pdf).

It usually involves careful observation of any possible or visible cue that might give a clue to the mental status a person, a lot of careful questioning and taking of notes as well as mental history of the person under observation. It also calls for human behavior understanding and causes of the various types of mental ailments (http://yalepress.yale.edu/yupbooks/excerpts/hicks_50.pdf).

Assessment procedure

This involves analysis ...

Nursing Older People: Dementia

The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10) defines dementia as (1) a syndrome that is caused by a chronic or progressive disease of the brain, that (2) causes multiple disturbances of higher cortical functions, and (3) is characterized by impairment in memory without impairment in consciousness. Dementia affects all areas of the brain and can occur at any age but is more common in people over 65 years of age, affecting 20% of those aged over 80 (Gulland, 2012).
A clinical diagnosis of dementia is made when a patient develops cognitive impairment severe enough to ...

The National electronic disease surveillance system (NEDSS) of the Center for Disease Control is a web based health infrastructure system for exchange of data related to surveillance. This system utilizes medical coding systems such as SNOMED and LOINC. This system is not a single application but a broad system of many interoperable health subsystems developed by the center for disease control, health departments and other health systems commercial developers. NEDSS enables the Center for Disease Control to collaborate more with other public health organizations through the enhancing the confidential sharing of data between CDC and other public health stakeholders (CDC, 2012).

Risks ...

1. To what extent could Phoenix’s liability have been avoided had it documented Wilson’s alleged inability to perform required tasks on the new computer system? In your opinion, is Phoenix required to wait until Wilson makes a costly mistake before concluding that he cannot perform the functions of the job? Are there alternatives short of waiting for a mistake?
James Wilson has been employed by Phoenix Specialty Manufacturing Company a family business that manufactures specialty washers used in aircrafts. However, the company asserts that Wilson’s employment was terminated due two reasons. The first reason was that Wilson had ...

Edwin’s symptoms of high fever, a stiff neck, and severe headaches indicate that he suffers from meningitis. Although Edwin does not report any other sick students that live with him, meningitis is not as contagious as the flu (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2011), so it is possible that there will be no outbreak among the residents in his fraternity house. While meningitis is associated with high leukocyte counts, that piece of information is not relevant for distinguishing the type of meningitis. Further diagnostic tests are required to identify other factors that will allow a clear distinction between ...

Crouzon disease is a genetic syndrome characterized by premature obliteration and ossification of two or more sutures of the skull [most often the saggital and coronal sutures], exophthalmoses and mid-facial hypoplasia, resulting in a craniofacial dysostosis. It is often called a craniostenosis. (Mary, Kugler) The type of stenosis is determined by the sutures which are obliterated. Types include scaphocephaly in which the head looks like a boat, oxycephaly in which the top of the head is pointed, wedge-shaped skull and oblique types have been documented in literature. (Lukasz, Mutusiak)
Crouzon's disease is a rare disease that affects 1 in 25000 live births worldwide ...

Sandy most likely has Rheumatoid arthritis. The signs of arthritis that Sandy has include early morning stiffness of the small joints of the hands and the recent swelling up of both her knees.

The erythrocyte sedimentation rate at 23mm/hr is high and indicates an on-going inflammation. Also the Rheumatoid factor is positive. Most patients with Rheumatoid arthritis have a positive Rheumatoid factor assay.

There is actually no test result that is pathognomonic of rheumatoid arthritis. Diagnosis is made using a combination of clinical features, laboratory investigations and imaging features.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can be prescribed. One type is the non-selective Cyclooxygensae ...

Fungal endophthalmitis (FE) is endophthalmitis caused by any of a wide variety of fungal pathogens. Generally, endophthalmitis is an inflammation of the anterior chamber and vitreous (the substance that composes most of the posterior chamber) of the eye and can spread to the retina (the layer of the eye contiguous to the vitreous) and the choroid (the layer behind the retina) (Wu).

Causes

In FE, the fungal infection may be either endogenous, i.e., spread from some other site of fungal infection in the body) or, more commonly, exogenous (acquired directly from outside the body, such as by trauma or at the ...

Luke Flatt is an elderly married man who had a previous history of aspirating some peanut husks when he was young. he used to smoke but quit 10 years ago, 5 years before he started having shortness of breath initially on exertion which has now worsened to dyspnoea on mild exertion. he also has chronic productive cough which is painful.
the above history is does not indicate a neoplasm. although he has a prolonged history of smoking, which has been associated with lung cancer, he could be suffering from Chronic Obstructive Airway disease which also has a history of prolonged smoking as a ...

Customer Inserts His/ Her Name

Customer Inserts Tutor’s Name
(28.1.2012)

a) Among the major signs of pneumonia are persistent coughs with sputum, fever and chest pains during inhalation, shortness of breath and headaches (Schiffman, 2012). In the case provided, Evelyn had the exact signs and symptoms as the ones that cause pneumonia and is therefore, suffering from pneumonia.
b) The history of the patient in the case study and the tests done indicate that the pneumonia Evelyn is suffering from is viral pneumonia. The history of the disease, over a month of experiencing symptoms of fever, headache and persistent cough indicate the patient is ...

Cavernous Sinus is a large collection of thin walled veins creating a cavity bordered by sphenoid bone and the temporal bone of the skull (Andersson, Kahnberg, and Pogrel 555). It lies within the skull, found behind each orbit, and contains cranial nerve III, cranial nerve IV, ophthalmic and maxillary nerves. The core function of the Cavernous Sinus is to drain blood from the brain, back to the heart (Andersson, Kahnberg, and Pogrel 555). In light with this, Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis (CST) is a thrombophlebitis cavernous sinus, caused by the blockage of a large vein within the Cavernous Sinus due to the formation of a ...

The red streaks on the other hand are an indicator that the infection which resulted from the bite had affected the movement of blood within its veins, and this it the reason red streaks could be seen on the shoulder. Pus on the other hand is a white thick liquid that exudes from wound. Its presence in the bite was a clear indicator that the antibodies in Richard’s blood were fighting the pathogens that had been introduced into the wound by the bite and the reaction between the antibodies and the pathogens result to pus. The reason IV antibiotics were ...

A critical concern related to the change of linen is reported by one of the patients at the hospital. Mr. Fitzgerald informs the hospital management and raises his concern related to hygiene factor, due to the delay in change of line in by the gastroenterology department of his hospital. The concern raised is seriously administered by the management and considering the fact that it is a part of hygiene concern, it comes under the human rights and hence IRB needs to be involved in order to investigate and take an action on the same. Ideally according to hygiene maintenance guidelines ...

Introduction

Hepatitis is a major health threat to our environment because of the associated effects on liver and the mode of transmission. Hepatitis C which is one of the types of hepatitis that has become a major challenge since the discovery. Different factors have contributed to these challenges. One of those major challenges is the inability of researchers to discover suitable vaccine for the infection. The prolonged inactive period of the causative organism in the body before clinical manifestation is another factor (Department of health). The infectious course usually leads to enlargement of the liver and this in turn affects the functions ...

Introduction

In the modern world, genetic testing at workplace is slowly trending towards becoming a controversial issue. Well from one perspective, genetic testing is perceived to be beneficial (Howard, 2011). For instance, through genetic testing organizations are able to determine side effects and illnesses in employees that might result from chemical exposure. However, there is still fear related to the testing outcome. In many articles that have previously researched on this topic, the utilitarian perspective seems to be supported. From this perspective, gene testing is highly disqualified as an invalid method of determining the hereditary diseases. Hence, gene testing has been ...

Introduction

Bronchiolitis is an infection in the lower tract of the respiratory system common amongst children. “The major cause of the infection is RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) accounting for over 90% of infections in Australian children and infants” (Lenney 2009, p. 36). Globally, it is a leading cause of infant hospitalization being associated with increasing morbidity rates and costs in recent decades. For instance, it was reported that 21% of infants in North America developed the disease in the first year of their life, with an annual cost of $390 million annually (Checchia 2008). In the UK, the infant death rate ...

KU Version March 2011

At the end of the case study, the scholar will be able to:
Identify the steps of the investigation of an outbreak;
Describe the characteristics of an outbreak in terms of time, place and person;
Use descriptive epidemiological data to generate hypotheses;
Use analytical epidemiological data to test hypotheses;
Formulate recommendations for the control of an outbreak.
Part A cluster of acute hepatitis in Provo, Utah
Provo is a large municipality located in the North of Utah, close from the border with Wyoming and Idaho. The population of Provo was 6,185 in ...

Introduction

The situation is getting out of control at Good Health Hospital (Tampa Bay) since the outbreak of Escherichia coli, a specie of bacteria that can be found in many daily items. The incident involved Ward 10, which is located in the second floor. A recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) stated that the investigation of the bacterial source must begin with the hospital kitchen as the bacterium can be transmitted through contaminated vegetables and delicatessen meats (e.g. salami and other cold cuts). The Epidemiological Summary provides a brief description of the data obtained.
Environmental review ...

Presentation: 52 year old male presents with complaint of wet cough and intermittent fevers for one week. Symptoms have progressively worsened with onset of back pain over the last two days.
Previous Medical History: No health insurance and has not seen provider for five years. History of Hypertension, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and Diabetes Mellitus-2 controlled with diet.

Allergies: Penicillin and Erthyromycin
History of Present Illness: Onset/duration: one week. Pattern: cough worse at night. Associated Symptoms: fever and back pain worsens with coughing. Relieving factors: sitting up and drinking fluids. Aggravating factors: smoking and lying down. Effect ...

Biology of Disease

Mode of action of;-
Dexamethasone
The Glucocorticoid receptors are discovered intracellularly in all tissues. They enter cells through inactive dispersion and structure a complex with a receptor protein (Rhodes & Hartnoll, 2002, P.10). This intricate then experiences an irreversible enactment and enters the cell core, where it ties to the DNA, hence prompting organic impacts instigated by these hormones, which include expanded hepatic gluconeogenesis, as well as expanded lipolysis (Ahmed, 2007, P.13).
Dexamethasone is utilized to treat numerous provocative and immune system conditions, for example, rheumatoid joint pain and bronchospasm. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, an abatement in quantities of ...

Haley is a 5-month old Caucasian female of Dr. Smith who is a direct admit from her pediatrician’s office for dehydration. Upon admission, her parents reported that her oral intake has decreased over the past few days. Haley’s medical history includes an uneventful pregnancy. She was born at 38 weeks with no complications. Health care providers should ask Haley’s parents how many wet diapers she has produced since they noticed her becoming ill, how Haley’s activity level has been, and if they have noticed any struggle breathing. It should also be assessed if Haley has ...

Introduction

This paper aims at evaluating concepts of alteration in homeostatic state, secondary to temporal variables. It analyses the case study of Brad, a 45-year old coal cutter who has held the job for 25 years. Brad is experiencing a chronic cough due to prolonged exposure to coal. Importantly, he has not been attending yearly checkups because he fears that his lung is “black.” The disease leads to fibrosis, reduced diffusing ability, and dilation of the small airways. In the final stage, the airways, alveoli, and pulmonary capillaries become damaged.

How the disease described in the case study creates incongruous between ventilation and perfusion

Chronic lung disease may induce mismatch in ventilation and perfusion ...

Introduction

Osteoarthritis of the knee also known as the degenerative arthritis is a major and growing problem for the elder population all over the globe. Approximately, 27 million individuals have been reported to suffer from osteoarthritis by the Arthritis Foundation in United States (US). Women have been more commonly reported to suffer from osteoarthritis as compared to men. The prevalence of developing arthritis has been found to increase after the age of 45 . Although, mostly elderly population are most affected yet there are few evidences of young people suffering from it. Osteoarthritis is also commonly defined as wear- and- tear ...

Abstract

In the movie Still Alice, Alice, a successful woman, after being diagnosed with early onset Alzheimer's Disease (AD) loses almost all she had. Alice’s case doesn’t typically fall under the traditional age bracket for the onset of Alzheimer’s because she is only 50. However, the symptoms she displays clearly fall under the earlier DSM-IV criteria of diagnosis. Under the new DSM-5 criteria, she would still be a fit case for Alzheimer’s because she has been experiencing a gradual decline in her autonomy. She loses control over her speech, mobility and motor functions until she becomes completely dependent on ...

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2016), about 1.2 million Americans are victims of AIDs epidemic with bisexual men and gay recording the highest preference. Moreover, racial and ethnic minorities suffer the greatest from the epidemic with African Americans and Latinos recording the highest number of infection in 2015. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) noted that one in every eight people living with AIDs are not aware of their status. The preference of HIV/AIDs in the United States changes each year since its discovery in 1981. A report on the new number of ...