Sodium Case Studies Samples For Students

Mark’s Total Cholesterol is below 186mg/dl and that is good, as it is under the 200 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or less that is a desirable level. His HDL cholesterol that protects against heart disease is 45mg/dL under the 60 mg/dL considered optimal but above the 40 mg/dL considered low. However, it is close and he needs counseling to raise it. His LDL cholesterol of 119mg/dL is within the near optimal range of 100 to 129 mg/dL This LDL level is higher than the American mean level of 115 md/dL and Mark should work to reduce it. His Triglycerides ...

Introduction

The body is made up of various organ systems which perform various functions. One of this is the urinary system which is responsible for excretion of various metabolic wastes. An important organ in the urinary system is the kidney. In the kidney, blood undergoes ultra filtration; nutrients such as glucose are reabsorbed back while waste products such as urea and excess water form urine which is excreted. The kidney maintains electrolyte and water balance in the body. During sustained physical activity, the body looses a lot of water through sweating. This disrupts the electrolyte balance in the body and leads ...

- Sodium imbalance
The normal range for serum sodium levels in adults and older children is 137 to 145 millimoles per litre. A person with more than 145 millimoles of sodium per litre is said to have hypernatremia. A person with less than 137 millimoles per liter is said to have hyponatremia.
George’s sodium imbalance could be as a result of lung carcinoma which he suffers from. Lung carcinoma is known to cause syndrome of inappropriate anti diuretic hormone. This syndrome results in the abnormal secretion of anti-diuretic hormone. The increase in the levels of anti-diuretic hormone ...

1.Diaphoresis is a medical condition of the body that an individual often sweats because of a drug side effect or symptom of a disease. Motor dysfunction has associations with the nerve and muscle center responsible for movement; this term defines the improper functioning of the muscle. Cyanosis is a condition related to the low supply of oxygen in the blood where the skin color of an individual as well as mucous membranes appears to have purple or blue coloration. The peripheral nerve connects the central nervous system and the brain to the entire body neurons; any damage or pressure ...

BIOL 398J

[University’s name]

QUESTION 1:

Michael is a hypertensive adult with obesity as an additional risk factor that could contribute to the occurrence of a cardiovascular event. While his choice of personal diet may not be limited, it may be more constrained when eating out with others, since their tastes and preferences will indeed vary.
The ideal diet for an individual in Michael’s position would be high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, high-fiber foods and low-fat dairy products. It should also contain low levels of sodium, saturated fats and trans fats. Fortunately, the American National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute recommends ...

J.K has acute kidney failure with Rhabdomyolysis. Acute kidney failure happens when the kidneys are suddenly not able to sift waste products from the blood. This results to accumulation of waste and affects the chemical balance of the blood. Rhabdomylosis is caused by skeletal muscles injury (Grau, Poch, &Bosch, 2009). The injury of the skeletal muscles results to the production of different intracellular muscle ingredients. In this case, J.K had an acute renal failure with Rhabdomyolysis because of cocaine and heroin use. Cocaine and heroin cause damage to myocyte. Damage to the myocyte leads to an entry of sodium ...

Introduction

The aim of this paper is to present a comprehensive report on a case study conducted on an individual who is displaying symptoms of hypertension. The paper explicitly explores as a chronic disease and some of the aspects that will be touched on include its epidemiology, Pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, treatment plan, drug analysis and follow up care.
Hypertension, also commonly referred to as high blood pressure is a body condition in which blood vessels, specifically the arteries high and persistent pressure. This high pressure makes it hard for the heart to pump blood to all the other parts of the body. Hypertension ...

Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of fat, such that it poses potential health risks to the affected individual (Ogden, Carroll, Fryar & Flegal, 2015). The most commonly used approach for classifying the relation between a person’s weight and his/her health is the body mass index, BMI. The BMI calculates the weight of a person based on that person’s height. Age and gender are factors that are considered when calculating the BMI. Waist circumference is also combined with the BMI approach in diagnosing obesity. Obesity predisposes the patients to other health conditions, including hypertension, diabetes, ...

Any person who is suddenly withdrawing from alcohol must experience unpleasant reactions that accompany the process. The abrupt withdrawal brings about certain signs and symptoms that characterize the sudden discontinuation of taking drugs or alcohol. Some of the symptoms may include a rapid heartbeat, profuse sweating, temporary memory loss, insomnia, headaches, anxiety and even social isolation (Miller & Gold 1998). Most people who experience similar reactions as a result of sudden withdrawal from alcohol suffer from delirium tremens (DT) (Koob 2006).
It is one of the most prevalent risk factors in this case. The patient often experiences DT after 48-96 ...

Salt intake control is a major issue globally. This needs to be addressed because of the associated consequences especially the high blood pressure. The main view of the paper is the review of the contrasting model of control which is the medical model and public health model of control. High salt intake comes from various sources. One of the main sources noted to be relevant in America is that of the intake from processed and restaurants foods.
The medical model is based on stating the amount of salt the patient needs based on the health condition of such patient. ...

- The central problem in this case is the launching of new product in the market, especially after the impressive test in Mineapolis, Minnesota. Exhibit 2 displays a number of products in this industry in the US markets. Some of the names in this exhibit are names of products in Frito-Lay’s production line. The figures posted show that these snack chips were doing well in the market in terms of sales. This means that the new products would have to compete with these brands, and other brands not featuring in the top ten. This problem is compounded by the ...

Introduction

Brannigan foods was facing a major challenge as the soup industry had been on a continuous decline, with the market share and profitability dwindling in the last three years before 2012.Although the condensed and the ready- to-eat (RTE) soup were a staple in the USA by 2012, the concerns about health and obesity had reduced the consumption of processed foods and products with high sodium contents. The issue of reduction in the consumption of the processed food was particularly pronounced among the baby boomer generation. There was also an increasing demand for the fast, simple meals among the working ...

Describe how a nerve impulse is transmitted from one neuron to the next

The transmission from one neuron to another is characterized by exchange of electric charge across the membrane of each neuron (Fields, 2014). An unstimulated neuron would be polarised (McCance 2014). In the polarized state, there is difference in the electric charge across the membrane. However, during exchange, a neuron is said to undergo polarization, wherein there is an excess of Na+ (sodium ions) outside and excess of K+ (potassium ions) on the outside (Fields, 2014). Nerve impulse is transmitted through the process of polarization, repolarization, and hyperpolarization (McCance 2014).

Compare the structure and functions of the CNS and PNS.

The nervous system comprises of the central nervous system (CNS) ...

Liver is the largest ‘gland’ of the digestive system. It is located right under the dome of the diaphragm, coated by the capsule. It is distinguished the liver’s convex upper surface adjacent to the diaphragm, and a lower, downwardly facing and in contact with the back and abdominal organs. On the part of the upper surface of the liver it can be seen its right and left lobes, the boundary of which is the crescent liver ligament. To the lower surface of the right lobe there is a gallbladder, close to the deep groove of the liver there ...

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[Your section appears here]
[Professor’s name appears here]
[Date Appears here]

QUESTION 1:
PART A:
Based on the information provided by the client about her medications are complete with few exceptions. The client mentioned that she is taking furosemide 40mg twice a day and then mentioned that she is taking lasix 60mg once a day in the morning. It is noteworthy that lasix and furosemide are one and the same thing and lasix is only the generic name for furosemide which is a loop diuretic. Therefore, patient is at risk of developing volume depletion ...

Overview of the Health Problem

Food consumers require nutritional information of every item appearing on the menu board. Such information is essential in creating awareness of what the consumers take from certain food thus able to make better choices in restaurants. Senate Bill (SB) 120 addresses the problem affecting approximately thirty eight million people residing in California State (Henderson, et al 2010). As the most populous state with modern living standards, it is the duty of the lawmakers in this state to ensure they protect the health interests of residents. To ensure that restaurants adhere to the provisions of public health policy in California, ...

- Drowsy with warm, turgor and dry skin and mucous membrane: The skin also has to be checked in order to detect the presence of sweat as well as the degree of elasticity. With dehydration, the skin loses water and becomes less elastic.
- High pulse rate: A person admitting dehydration has an increased pulse rate and the blood pressure drops due to fluid depletion.
- Abnormality in degrees of electrolytes: The admitting chemistries indicate abnormality in the electrolytes such as sodium, potassium and chloride. The blood tests are also carried out in order to assess the ...