Taxation Case Studies Samples For Students

Introduction

The United States constitution gives every state the sovereign right to tax any property, tangible or intangible, which is within its jurisdiction. However, the same constitution grants Congress the power to limit any such rights in exercising its federal authority. The federal government limits the taxation powers in property that is involved in interstate commerce . Therefore, there is debate towards distinguishing between interstate commerce and property involved in interstate commerce within the jurisdiction of a state. Understanding the difference between these two aspects is more of a legal matter. This research analyses the rules and laws regarding state taxation power and ...

1. Methods to calculate taxable value of fringe benefits: Australian Taxation law allows some benefits to the employees by their employers in the form of different services, benefits, privileges or rights. Under fringe benefits tax act, 1986 the fringe benefit may include cheaper loans to employees by the employer, to allow employees of the company to use Employer’s car, look after medical or legal problems etc. if a person works somewhere for anybody or in a company, the general concept is that the worker will get remuneration in cash but a new concept recognized by Australian taxation law is an agreement ...

A. Identify the Facts and All Stakeholder Groups Likely to be Affected

Andrew Yo is a relevant part of Asia Telecom’s financial management and accounting team. Asia Telecom on the other hand is a large-scale telecommunications company whose main sources of income involve the provision of telecommunications services to a wide array of clients such as American Express, General Electric and IBM, and LDDS or Long Distance Discount Services.
The company never really had any major problems dealing with large-scale corporations that are in need of telecommunications products and services such as the ones required above because more often than not, the transactions are done directly or non-overseas. This way, the management ...

The taxation of the capital gains made during the disposal of the property by James will be considered under the Income Tax Assessment Act of 1997, section 104-105 which deals with capital gains for individuals. This is wholly embedded in the Goods and services Tax act of 1999 (div 9-11). Using this act, considerations will be made on each tax event under the capital gains tax and analysis made on how each will be treated under the act. In the disposal of the property, either a capital gain or a capital loss is made, and such a gain or loss will have to ...

Impacts of Pollution on Wildlife

Introduction
Impacts of pollution on wildlife has been a controversy and a contradicting issue since it has been experienced in the world and specifically in the united States of America for a long period of time. There are environmental laws which are hard on some manufacturing and production industry in North America and this makes them to be held responsible of various wildlife cases. The environmental laws in the United States of America have enacted endangered species Act in which it is a general rule which has held several companies responsible of the reduction of Wolverines in Montana glacial ...

According to the macro-economic theory, there are several policies used to stabilize the economy of a country. The most common policies used to achieve this objective are the fiscal policy and the monetary policy. In economics, fiscal policy is involved in controlling the government expenditure. Applying it in stabilizing the economy of a country, it dictates government expenditure so as to stabilize the economy of the country. The main elements used to stabilize the economy are the government expenditure and revenue generation into the economy through taxation (en.wikipedia.org). Contrasted to the fiscal policy in stabilizing the economy is the monetary policy. ...

Taxes

Taxation is the involuntary compulsory contribution made by individuals and organizations to the government in order to finance its activities (Bewley 2000). Taxation is also used to finance the functions of the government. Ideally, it is the major source of finance for the government. Some of the functions of the government include the provision of security, payment of debts owed by the state, expenditure on war and maintenance of law and order in the country. Studies have shown that a country’s economy will be balanced if the government expenditure is equal to the level of taxes in the country ( ...

Introduction

International trade, which involves an exchange of goods and services across the geographical boundaries of a country, is one of the major determinants of the economic stability of a country. The volume of trade indicates the effect of trade on the economies of the participating countries. The economy of the United Kingdom has continuously experienced expansion despite the presence of rampant unemployment and inflation until the 2008 recession. This resulted from the failure of the government to take actions to correct economic instabilities (Washington et al. n.p).
The relative value of currency between countries involved in exchange is essential ...

Ben’s age is critical in the decision to pursue the MBA. This is because the age indicates the number of years he has in the employment industry. As such, the age would inform the decision as the duration left in service would be used to compute the cash flows that would be accrue in terms of salaries and remuneration. The outcome would be compared to the costs incurred in pursued of the MBA. The figures would then be compared to the net cash flows that accrue in the absence of the MBA. This would inform the rationale for ...

1(a) The use of tobacco follows the law of demand as evident from the inverse proportion of prices of tobacco with the consumption of tobacco. As the prices go up, the consumption falls. The economic theory of tobacco demand assumes the presence of an individual’s function of utility. The utility for an individual from consumption of tobacco depends on the amount of tobacco consumed derived from the taste and satisfaction of the individual. The constrained maximization determines the tobacco’s demand function where the consumption of tobacco is related to the price of tobacco, prices of substitute products, ...

Introduction

Fiji Water Company has experienced several challenges especially in 2008. The company struggled in achieving a carbon reduction in its emission levels at its production plant. Further, there were carbon emission levels that were experienced in its transportation of products. This made it difficult for the company to convince the consumers and stakeholders of its dedication in reducing its carbon production. The company’s title as a leading company, in environmental concerns involving activities such as carbon footprint disclosure created doubts among its consumers and stakeholders alike.
The company has also faced environmental protests in several markets it has tried ...

The two products that Timbuk2 makes and sells are the San Francisco based custom tailored messenger bag and the Chinese produced laptop bags. The competitive dimensions driving sales of the bags are different. However, they enjoy the same synergy that is the brand image that the firm has acquired of its products over time. The key dimensions driving sales of the messenger bag include the fact that it is tailor made to the requirements and needs of the consumer. Indeed, clients have the opportunity to give their specifications and designs and the same is incorporated in the production process. ...

E.I. Du Pont (1983) Case
E.I. Du Pont (1983) Case
1. Reasons why the firms use capital structure policy; target debt ratio
A capital structure policy is essential for firm due to the management and sourcing of capital to achieve corporate strategy. It determines where the funds will come from both internally and externally. (Biais, 2002). There are various forms of capital strategy, which include a target debt ratio. In this policy, the ratio of debt is the tool that is used to manage the capital structure in a company.
The capital structure policy also enables the ...

Social policy

The skills provided by community colleges are paramount if we are to meet the threshold required for jobs in the future. These jobs will need an associate degree or more, rather than the current jobs that can be done even without the attainment of a college degree. These associate degrees have a credential of two years thus are less expensive and favor the young people from poor backgrounds (Brand & Xie, 2010). The aim of the free community college is to boost an individual’s income through a solid background in education. Given the declining rates of enrollments in colleges, ...

Multimedia Activity: Business Organization

In this paperwork, I am going to list the general requirements of an LLC, corporation, and partnership. I will also discuss a business organization that is an LLC giving the reason why it adopted this form instead of the other available forms; partnership and corporation. I will also discuss the advantages and disadvantages that come with LLC.
Through research, it is depicted that the general requirements for a partnership, an LLC, and corporation are, approximately, the same lawfully. It is expected of them that all their general requirements are formed with the intention of making or maximizing profit. Hence, their ...

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What is a current liability? From the perspective of a user of financial statements, why do you believe current liabilities are separated from long-term liabilities? Based on your current experience as well as any additional research you may have done provide two examples of situations where businesses collect monies from customers and employees and reports these amounts as a current liabilities.
Current liabilities are what the company owes for its debts in the next year. Long-term liabilities are those that are debts to be paid in ...

Not all nations follow the same political and development course. Although that would make subjective evaluations easier, it is not the case and federalism is an example of this. After Marshal Tito retied, Yugoslavia announced a decentralization plan; Belgium and Czechoslovakia are heading towards federation. The federalist government of Pakistan began as an expedient solution to the political discord extant at the close of British imperial control of India. The Hindus and the Muslims united to cast off the British, but then the Muslims demanded to have their own nation. This resulted in two territories geographically separated by a thousand miles ...

Preferred stock is the class of business ownership in a company where there is a higher claim on the assets and profits than that of common stock. Under preferred stock, the dividends must be paid out before dividends to common stockholders. The shareholders under a preferred stock ownership usually do not have rights to voting at the company meetings.
Financing of preferred stocks is usually equity based financing sources. The company can decide to issue securities to raise capital to finance an approved stock company. Under this arrangement, proceeds from the sale of securities would be used to fund the expansion ...

Economic evaluation involves the business aspect monitoring and analysis in a company. This analysis is intended to carry out comprehensive auditing of the profit and/or loss making aspects of the company. The end result is expected to put the management of the company in the know that theirs is a profit or loss making venture. During such evaluation, several aspects are considered especially the financial aspects. The analysis is intended to identify the various needs of the company and try to propose practical solutions to the identified needs of the company. Such solutions may include a change in the structure of the ...

The economy and the government are dependent upon each other. The country specific situations and size of the country are the two major factors that can determine what role, and to what level a government should regulate the economy. The United States economy is typically driven by a consumer-based society and a capital-driven system (US Department of State, 2012). Market based and capital oriented system has its own drawbacks. Lesser governmental involvement in social services, will lead to more privatized, individuated society with lesser social responsibility. In that context the US government has a role to play in social and environmental front. If ...

Facts

Japan, in the implementation of the Japanese Liquor Taxes Law, sought to impose higher taxes on the foreign manufactured spirits and alcoholic products as opposed to the lower taxes on the locally produced shochu. The complainants who included the European Union, Canada and the United States of America sought an interpretation of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and in particular four provisions on the issues of taxation of products.

Procedural History

The case was first heard by the Disputes Settlement Body of the World Trade Organization and appealed against at the Appellate Body of the same institution.

Issues

The ...

Introduction

Tourism in Greece is one of the most important industries which have been able to boost its national growth. The industry has been rated to contribute more than 15% of the country’s output annually making it the most popular industry. This is based on the many beaches and the Mediterranean coastline which is a geographical advantage to the country. The country which is based in Europe has a rich history as the natives have retained their culture, thus attracting tourists. This has created a base for approximately 17.5 million visitors who originate from all walks of the world (Bramwell, 2004). It ...

Henry IV Secures the Monarchy

A monarchy refers to the hereditary mode of governance with all the powers vested in the monarch who is the head of state (Wise Geek 1). The French absolutism began during Henry IV’s rule. When he came into office, the country was in a state of chaos resulting from endless religious wars between the two divisions of the Christian faith in addition to political in-fighting. The popularity of the state had significantly gone down with poor control of government money due to disorder in the country.
Henry IV witfully asserted a lot of effort to turn the situation around. ...

Financial crisis is an economic status where there are extreme difficulties. One of the economies that experienced adverse effects as a result of the crisis is the United States. The country faced extensive challenges that influenced the livelihood of the entire nation. However, it remains a challenge on who was the main cause of the financial crisis that left the economy of the United States immersed to extensive depression. The main groups that have been associated with the crisis are the government, Wall Street investors as well as American homeowners. Some analysts argued that the government was unable to control the ...

Health remains one of the imperative aspects that play a crucial role in facilitating national development. It has been established that a healthy nation attains high level of economic development because its citizens engage in income generating activities, increase their productivity, and enhance invention and innovativeness. Similarly, use of advanced technology in the production process enable a country compete effectively in the international trade affair; an idea that improve peoples’ living standards, health and social welfare.
Over the years, the federal government has strived improving its health care system by establishing health care facilities, providing drugs and hiring qualified medical practitioners. ...

This summary is incorrect because it reflects his long service leave payment without dividing it first by 20 to determine the 5% of the amount that is taxable (ATO). By not deducting this amount Dan will be forced to pay more taxes on his long service leave payment than he was supposed to (5%). In order to fix this he should have the summary remedied by his employer to reflect 5%, not the total amount (ATO).
Her gross income of all her pay is $82,406. However she will only pay 5% of her long service leave and ...

Question a

- Economic growth
Economic growth is the aggregate positive change in an economy’s capacity to produce different goods and services. Economic growth is determined by comparing the economy’s productivity between two or more periods. The measure of economic growth can take different forms such as the real and nominal form. The nominal form of measuring economic growth includes inflation. The real terms of economic growth reflect figures that are adjusted for inflation. Economic growth of different nations can be compared using the gross domestic product or the gross national product per capita.
- Regressive taxes
...

Executive summary

Special purpose financial statements that are conventionally provided by small businesses usually offer limited information in both quality and quantity. The main reason behind this is the freedom in reporting that small businesses have. Consequently, lenders have to be careful when using these statements in lending decisions. As a small business, Boat Builders Pty Ltd’s financial statements may not be in a good state as provided to be used in a lending decision. A critical evaluation of whether they represent the true status and performance of this business is necessary before a detailed financial analysis is done. A number of concerns arise ...

New York Times Company’s internal financial analysis and appraisal

Established in 1851, The New York is one of the newspapers in the United States that hashave consistently and continuously provided news and information to the United States citizens for many decades, consequently receiving affirmation from various camps across the world. One of the company’s strongest points that have made it successful in its media coverage is the fact that it operates both physically and has an online site as well, and this makes it possible for the company tom access the most customers possible (Kotler & Armstrong, 2008).

The supply chain tools that The New York Times ...

Medicare is available in various categories depending on the patients need. For instance in the united states we have Medicare part A which is a type of hospital insurance that gives inpatients cover and care during their stay in hospitals, hospice, home health care and even in skilled nursing facilities like in Mrs. Zwick’s case. Despite the fact that many people don’t buy part a premiums since it is catered for in the Medicare taxation whist working, one can still purchase the premium if they are more than sixty five years of age; posses part B and are citizens ...