Absolute College Essays Samples For Students

Introduction

Economics studies the rationality of human beings. They maximize on deriving the possible benefits from a resource constraint. Economics covers a vast area. The broad meaning of economics gives rise to sub branches of economics. It may either be international economics or domestic. International economics involves both international trade and finance. It explains the patterns of transactions and relations of citizens from different countries and their consequences. International trade section of international economics studies the flows of goods and services from the international suppliers and international buyers. International finance focus on the effects of the exchange rates and capital flows over ...

Philosophy

Interpretation involves more than just representing information. It is a process of communication that intends to reveal in depth meanings to the information. It is a communication tactic whereby data gets translated from a technical language to an easily understandable language. Interpretation requires one to be interactive with the audience and begins by passing information that will raise their curiosity to know more. Understanding how they learn things will help in interpreting to them in such a way that they will hardly forget. According to Veverka, in his paper concerning interpretation, people will appreciate interpretation more if it communicates to them on the ...

Book VII - On Shadows and Realities in Education

SOCRATES - GLAUCON
AND now, I said, let me show in a figure how far our nature is enlightened or unenlightened: --Behold! human beings living in a underground den, which has a mouth open towards the light and reaching all along the den; here they have been from their childhood, and have their legs and necks chained so that they cannot move, and can only see before them, being prevented by the chains from turning round their heads. Above and behind them a fire is blazing at a distance, and between the fire and the prisoners there is a raised way; and you will ...

Abstract

This paper would like to discuss the political development of English society during its upheaval and how it shaped the political ideas that emerged in the 17th century. The English state and society in the 17th century England, for instance, is one that can be described as revolutionary. During this time, many political ideas emerged in England that shaped not only England’s future as a nation, but also shaped the political ideologies of many countries around the world. This period in England’s history is one of the most significant primarily because of the many enlightenment ideas that ...

Introduction

This report is a critical analysis of an ethical dilemma in the workplace. It will include the evaluation of the facts of the case in order to establish the fundamental issues and matters at stake. From there, a review of the fundamental theories of the situation will be conducted. This will culminate in the identification of the different approaches and views. Afterward, there will be the application of the theories to the facts of the case in order to conclude with recommendations on how to deal with the issues at hand. This will include the review of important theories ...

1. What was the absolute monarchy? How did it succeed in France and fail in England?
Absolute monarchy is a form of government in which the head of the state is a monarch, a king or a prince. The monarch holds an unrestricted power in both the public and private spheres, although the latter is tempered by traditions, religion and the clergy. The monarch is the judge, the head of state, and the legislator, but while despotism is underpinned by evil and paganism, absolute monarchy is associated with religion, particularly Christian religion. This form of government originated immediately before the Reformation era ...

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Problem 1
Opportunity Cost
- Define the term “Opportunity Cost”
Opportunity cost is the value of the foregone mutually exclusive alternatives. When choice are to be made between several mutually exclusive alternatives in terms of decision making, opportunity cost is the value of alternative that is forgone due to selection of some other alternatives. Generally, opportunity cost is the value of next best alternative that can be achieved with same input. For example: George had $2 in his pocket which is enough to buy either a cup of tea or a cup of coffee. Among ...

The world of the dystopia is one type of science fiction story that often presents a world in chaos; these works are dark and gloomy, showing us what is in store if human society continues down its path of consumerism and control (Heuser, 2003). The cyberpunk genre is full of these stories - the works of Philip K. Dick often show polluted, grimy worlds where morality is fluid and people sell their identity and sense of selves to the highest bidder. However, Dick also find sways to demonstrate hope and optimism despite the terrible settings their characters find themselves in, ...

Abstract

Cost-volume-profit (CVP) analysis helps to estimate many relevant aspects regarding operating profit. It can be used in cases when the needed amount of the product for sale the future period must be calculated. In the current work such problems as price and quantity management with maintaining the original contribution share. Meanwhile, the most frequently CVP analysis is used for evaluation the break-even point in units and dollars, the amount at which all costs will be covered and net profit will be equal to zero. At the same time, it’s possible to provide the future estimation of new launched ...

Introduction

Plato in his work The Republic dialogues with other great thinkers of his era in an endeavor to develop a perfect governance system. In the dialogue, various elements of the government become prominent. The key elements are justice and leadership of the city. The dialogue seeks debate on and develops a system of governance or a city where there are minimal disputes and perfect leadership. The main argument in the platonic dialogue is that the other governments that Plato approached with varying scorn were ineffective in running a state; on their stead, Plato proposed his version on a republic. His ideas on how the ...

This is my position regarding the chapter 9 Are there absolute moral rules? in the book ‘The Elements of Moral Philosophy’. It has an elaborate discussion on absolute moral values analyzing the situations from World War II period. Harry Truman justified his decision to drop atom bombs in Japan, telling that he thought that would end the war. Elizabeth Anscombe, one of the greatest woman philosophers and non-consequentialist, mentioned that Truman should be regarded as a murderer, arguing the point some things may not be done no matter what. Immanuel Kant, another non-consequentialist, brings forth hypothetical and categorical imperatives, opining ...

Introduction

Skepticism in simple terms refers to the attitude of questioning or doubting the truth about certain facts, opinion, knowledge or beliefs. Skepticism has been a subject of study for many philosophers throughout the years. Consequently, a wide range of arguments about skepticism has been developed. In this essay, the text “An Argument for Skepticism,” written by Peter Unger will be used to show that the author’s definition and characterization of the term “absolute certainty” has been misconstrued.
Peter Unger presents a very interesting point about skepticism. He argues for an extreme form of skepticism. He argues that there is a great ...

While much has been hypothesized regarding relative and absolute ethics, it is of immense significance to note that they differ with regards to many issues. Above all, absolute ethics refer to cases whereby certain things are moral or immoral from an objective point of view. As such, they cannot change depending on culture. To be precise, there are certain things that are right or wrong on their own; hence, their goodness or badness is not determined by cultural beliefs (Alvdrez, 2013). Worth noting is the fact that there are things that are considered naturally ethical. This means they are “ ...

Rationalism asserts that knowledge can be acquired through logical reasoning rather than sensory perception . This is the philosophical worldview which opines that actions and processes should be based on reason and knowledge rather than emotions or religious doctrine. There are different rationalists who had various worldviews and this includes Descartes, Spinoza and Leibniz. The purpose of this essay is to present the dominant views of these key rationalists in relation to the concept of free will. These views are going to be compared and contrasted and evaluated on the basis of their strengths and weaknesses. At the end, the ...

Introduction

With the notion of Nation-States, nobility devised certain rules that could be respected by all others in order to avoid conflicts between them. These rules were mostly based on the principle that the princes were sovereign in their land. Their power was uncontested, exclusive and supreme within the borders of their territories, granting them authority over their subjects, the right to give laws, impart justice and even decide what religion should be followed. There was a time however when that concept was not known and rulers and kings asserted their power through terror and wits. Arming gangs or paying mercenaries ...

Introduction

The current paper consists of two parts: the first part relates effective real and nominal exchange rates of four countries (US, UK, Japan, and Germany) for the period from 1964 to 2012; the second part relates the structure of foreign exchange market and the theory of purchasing power parity theory. This paper relates the issues of nominal and real effective exchange rates, particularities of their construction, and the structure of foreign exchange markets, its participants, and their motivations. Besides, it touches upon purchasing power parity theory, considers arguments for and against the theory, and provides empirical evidence of testing a ...

For this comparative research, we selected Spain and Germany, two countries of the European Union with similar political parliamentarian systems. Personification is a distinctive feature of presidentialism and it seems reasonable to examine to what extent this trend occurs in European parliamentary systems today.

The position of political leaders in parliamentary systems is different from the position occupied by them in the presidential republics. Lijphart identifies three characteristics that distinguish essentially presidentialism and parliamentarianism (Lijphart, 2000). Firstly, in a presidential system the executive chief is elected directly by the electors by popular vote and therefore without legislative intervention, so ...

Comparative advantage refers to the ability of one entity to produce goods and services at a lower opportunity cost than its competitors in the same industry. Under the concept, the entity decides to specialize in production of a given product based on the opportunity cost rather than the efficiency of production of the same product (Hunt, Shelby and Morgan 239).
For instance, assume that both Hungary and Denmark can produce either eggs or milk on the international market, but not both. If Hungary can produce 20 units of eggs or 10 units of milk. The opportunity cost of each ...

Introduction

In the philosophy of mind, dualists usually emphasize the radical difference between the mind and the matter. Specifically, the dualists deny the idea of the mind and the brain are one and the same thing. However, other dualists deny the fact that mind as a whole is a product of the brain. In this regard, the dualist theory is of the position that the mental phenomenon, to some extent, is non-physical and that the body and the mind are not similar (Bunge, 2014). Dualism, therefore, encompasses a set of views regarding the relationship between mind and matter and the ...

Russell begins his analysis of reality by asking the question whether there truly exists knowledge that is in itself so certain that no man could doubt it. This question seems rather simple at first but upon further analysis of the question especially through Russell’s eyes the depth of the question manifests. Russell argues against the concept of direct realism. He argues that everything we see and then perceive is subject to our conceptualization process which is in turn subject to our experiences and point of view. This then begs the question as to whether what we see truly ...

QUESTION 1:

The two types of demands for economic security are limited and absolute security. The limited type of security can be achieved for all. On the other hand, absolute security is not achievable in a free society. Hayek (2007) says that an absolute security is not up for an offer except under some circumstances. One of these is the case of judges. They are given total independence. He says that the first type of security is against severe privacy in physical terms. The second type accommodates a set standard life. Further, on, he says that if a society has self-actualized; that is, it ...

Introduction

In ancient times, intellectuals and philosophers such as Plato, Socrates, Euthyphro and Aristotle among many others engaged in intense Philosophical debates about morality, science, sociology among many other issues. The debate between Euthyphro and Socrates on piety or holiness stands out as a classic philosophical argument. While Euthyphro offers different definitions on what he thought piety and impiety were, Socrates refutes them on his own grounds because he wanted to learn how to defend himself and justify acts of impiety filed against him by Meletus (Navia, 2007).
The Concept of piety or holiness takes a prominent position in the dialogue ...

Taoism – is the Chinese traditional doctrine, which contains elements of religion, mysticism, divination, shamanism, meditation and traditional philosophy and science. The followers of Taoism are called Taoists. Yellow Emperor (the ancestor of all Chinese) is considered as the founder of the Taoism. In the history of Taoism is a separation doctrine in philosophical Taoism (dao chia), developed in neo Taoism and religious (dao jiao), which included alchemy, demonology, treatment. Since its inception Taoism has not created a single church, and his doctrinal position orthodox referral is formed in particular, common to all believers of dogma. This was reflected on Taoist doctrine ...

A recidivism rate of 0% gives me a hundred percent confidence that a person who goes through the boot camp set up by the sheriff’s department will not relapse into social deviance or undesirable behavior that necessitated their participation in the boot camp in the first place. This statement does not offer absolute confidence for just one of the participants of the boot camp. It offers a guarantee that all people that go through the boot camp will be transformed completely. This statement does not offer room for error or uncertainty. It guarantees success in the highest levels for all the ...

Thomas Hobbes uses the state of nature as the basis for his ethical and political thought. The state of nature is a postulation of an imaginary situation in which there is no form of government. People living in this state would be free to determine their lives as they please. The individual would be the judge, the jury and executioner of their own fate. In this state there is perpetual restlessness as everyone tries to gain power for purposes of self-preservation.

Hobbes equates human beings to any other physical object or machine whose operation and movement can be described in ...

In absolutism, the sovereign power of a certain country or state rests in the hands of a monarch, a king or a queen, the “claims to rule by divine right” (Spielvogel 427). In the 16th century, absolutist states are ruled by kings. In an absolutist society, the king is sovereign and all powerful and they are answer only to one other entity which is God.
In the 16th to 17th century, citizens in Europe have already some idea what the state and being a citizen means. The state is seen as a political body where citizens are subject to certain duties and obligations. These ...

Business Ethics – Liberalism

Introduction
Liberals and conservatives always argue in political and economic matters. This split has its root in many aspects of society including the conduct of modern businesses and business ethics. Business ethics refer to the proper business practice and policy regarding a potentially controversial issue. The purpose of this paper is to examine the concept of business ethics in detail and review how liberal (utilitarianism) and conservative (deontological) ideologies come together to shape business ethic problems.

Every business provides a solution to the society. Thus, organizations take inputs from the society, process it and offers it to the public ...

The line between matters such as good and evil, just and unjust codes and Pandects is a thin one, and these matters have become highly controversial over the years . The laws governing different countries and religion have also been in conflict over the years. One reason for these controversies is that all countries have more than one religion practiced by the citizens of the country in question. The law of God justifies that which is holy, righteous and just. According to Hobbes, the law by the government is absolute and individuals have a moral obligation to abide by these ...

Philosophy Final Exam

4. (a) How does Locke describe the state of nature?
Locke describes the state of nature as a logical abstraction developed by man himself. He does not entirely accept it as the outcome of historical developments. He describes nature from two perspectives. The first view sees nature as a free environment where everyone has the liberty to do what pleases them as long as their actions do not have an adverse impact on others. Nature makes every man equal. No man has power over another and everyone is free. Every man has some power which lets him act with ...

Everybody, in one way or the other, has got this internal urge to be powerful; to be able to exercise some levels of authority. Let us take an example of a student going to school. Any focused student will always want to achieve excellence in all their fields of endeavor. Their quest for excellence is not just intrinsic; all they want is to be better than others. John Emerich, in 1887 observed the rule of absolute monarchy. The monarchical king or queen had almost absolute power over the subject. They would wake up in the morning and just decide ...

Parenting style is the fundamental factor in the development of the personality. However, the ways of providing care to the child have changed within the time. Parenting style of the past presumed surrounding the infant by multiple caregivers, timely satisfaction of all basic needs (such as regular breast-feeding and quick reaction to crying) and providing absolute attention, comfort and consistency. Indeed, modern approaches to parenting call in question such an absolute care, explaining that “responding too quickly to a fussing baby will spoil it” (“Modern parenting”, 2013).
However, the results of the research have shown that modern parenting style ...

In his article “On Being an Atheist,” H.J. McCloskey has argued in many instances that absolute certainty of God’s existence cannot be proved using the “proofs” embedded in classical arguments. According to McCloskey, the classical proofs for God’s existence do not portray Him as the all-knowing, all-powerful, or all-perfect being that Christians perceive Him to be. The existence of evil in a world created by a God with the qualities of being all-knowing, powerful, and perfect leads McCloskey to conclude that atheism would be more comforting than to believe in such a God. McCloskey’s disapproval of ...

According to Hobbes, the emergence of state is preceded by the so-called natural state, a state of absolute, unrestricted freedom of people who are equal in their rights and abilities. People are equal to each other in their desire to dominate and to have the same rights. Therefore, the natural state for Hobbes is in the «state of war of all against all." The absolute freedom of the individual finds its way in the desire for anarchy, chaos, continuous struggle, in which the killing of man by another man is justified. (Gaskin, 1998) The way out of this situation is ...

Thus Spoke Zarathustra is one of the most important philosophical texts of all time. It presents the speeches the eponymous main character gives; these are characterized by being complex musings on life and thought. One of the most important of these is “On Self-Overcoming”, presented in the second part of this book. In it, Zarathustra addresses the wisest, a group probably conformed of philosophers and religious hierarchs. In it, he inquires about the nature of truth, power and being. He muses about what truth is, how it is created and the effects it can have on the population. This leads ...

Today, it can be safely said that there are many forms of government that a country that is aspiring for a charter or a constitutional change can choose from. There is democracy, oligarchy, dictatorship, monarchy, constitutional monarchy, federation, among others. It may also be important to mention that the classification of the different forms of government can be based on different categories. For example, the classification can be based on the distribution of power or structure of power (as in the case of confederations, federations empire, unitary states, and hegemony), the source of power as in the case autocratic, and democratic types ...

The name of the topic could entail a philosophical discussion: the absolute (from Latin – absolūtus which means "loosened from" or "unattached) is understood as “the concept of an unconditional reality which transcends limited, conditional, everyday existence.” (“Absolute (Philosophy)”, Wikipedia.org). For example, certain right and freedoms of an individual are recognized by constitutions of states as “absolute”, i.e. unconditional and realizable at the sole discretion of an individual (such as freedom from torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment). On the other hand, most constitutions recognize that reasonable limits may be placed on all right, such as ...

On December 10, 1942, Edward Raczynski of the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Polish government-in-exile sent a note to the Allies concerning the Nazi’s extermination of Jews in German-occupied Poland (Finch 30). Seven days later, the United Nations issued a joint declaration describing the events of the Holocaust, including the so-called Nuremberg Laws. These laws were announced at the annual Nazi Party Rally in Nuremberg in September 15, 1935. Their effect and intent were predominantly anti-semitic, making widespread discrimination against Jews legally binding. Some examples of these regulations were the closure of all Jewish-owned businesses, the restriction of ...

Introduction

In this world of science, the theory of relativity has certainly revolutionized the way people use to interpret the world, they are living in. Hence, the theory, E=mc^2, invented by the world’s famous scientist, Albert Einstein, has an important significance not only in physics but also in other domains of life for everyone. Keeping this notion in mind, ‘Harald Fritzsch’ wrote the book “E=mc^2 - An Equation That Changed the World” to bring into limelight the meaning and importance of this theory to the people of non-scientific background. The author creates a fictitious character named Haller to ...

The French revolution brought to an end the privileges and the feudal rights of the aristocracy and initiated the development of the middle class. It is possible to distinguish three main reasons for the French Revolution: a huge public debt caused by high expenses to support American Revolution, a new way of thinking brought by the “Enlightenment,” and an obsolete social system, which was based on feudal privileges as well as on the absolute power of the monarch.
According to the Enlightenment movement, development was only possible through “thought” and “reason”, which allowed humans to reach peace and fraternity. This ...

The role of heuristics and consumers' market beliefs in individual decision-making

The decision-making process of consumer may be represented as the solution of the problem whether to purchase or not particular product or service. In this case the criterion of the optimal solution is the benefit that the consumer receives as the result of his purchasing decision. In order to adjust the outcome of purchasing decision to individual preferences, a person may apply various strategies intentionally or unconscionably. An important feature of such strategies is the question of whether the consumer may limit his desire or customer's beliefs to make the buying decision in accordance with the principles of heuristic.
...

The Enlightenment period also referred to as the Age of Reason is used to describe the time in history began with the end of Thirty Years War and to the end of the French Revolution. This period marked a significant radical shift in the government, culture, and politics. The period embraced some philosophies to think as well as explore the world (Best 30).. In global enlightened thinkers were considered to think objectively without prejudice. The period was marked by rationalism, reasoning, and empiricism. The argument was advocated as a means of establishing reliable systems of government, religion, and ...

In Coriolanus, the titular character’s mother tells him “You are too absolute” (Shakespeare). Volumnia, in this case, is trying to convince her son to approach the common plebeians for their votes to the Senate. Coriolanus is a proud man and an excellent soldier, but he struggles throughout the text with problems associated with his pride and his unwillingness to engage in political maneuvering. His mother, who ostensibly wants to see her son elected and placed in power, tries her hardest to convince him that he should participate in the process of trying to woo the people (Shakespeare). By “ ...

Among the top 10 goods or services that are imported into the United States, electronic equipment rank the highest with phone and system devices topping the list. Electronic equipment makes up 14% of the total US imports and is therefore in very high demand in the US market. At the same time, Japan oil imports form 23.3% of their total imports (Ackerman, Ishikawa, & Suga, 2007).
The concepts of absolute and comparative advantage in international trade dictate how countries utilize scarce resources to produce goods or services. It is not economically viable for the United States to produce all the ...

International Business

International Business
For this assignment, refer to the tables and answer the questions in one or two paragraphs each. Respond to both parts one and two in the same document.

1. Referring to Table 1, what can be concluded about Spain’s absolute and comparative advantage for both boats and trucks?
Analyzing the given Table 1, Spain seems to have an absolute advantage compared to that of Portugal in both the commodities. This implies that Spain is better at producing both boats and trucks more efficiently than Portugal. Spain will need less input to produce the given level of ...

The role of the auditor including legal and professional requirements, its importance, benefits and limitations

The Role of an Auditor
An auditor is a professional who has an authority to independently examine, verify and confirm the accuracy as well as fairness of financial records of a business entity. The role of auditors can be classified as internal and external auditing activity. Internal auditors are those accounting experts who examine the accuracy and reliability of financial statements of their own employer. In contrast, external auditors are independent auditing/accounting entities who pass their professional judgment and form an opinion concerning the fairness of financial statements .
Under the Companies Act, the role of an auditor is to ...

History

The Great Depression of 1930s has played a very important role in changing views of Americans regarding labor and unions. There were many people employed, but after elections of the year 1932, the focus of government and courts shifted towards pleasing the labor. In the year 1935, National labor Act was passed. This act is also known as Wagner Act, which justified the rights of labor or workers for changing their representatives in democratic manner and gives right of bargaining collectively with employees. This act has ensured protection of labors from injury and interruptions by removing unrest from the ...

While the common idea of a police-suspect encounter is that the suspect has done something wrong, there are a number of circumstance where it is the officer who will be found to have acted improperly or without appropriate legal authorization. Civil liability, is one of the two forms of legal redress that police officers may face when they fail to perform their assigned duties, act negligently, or abuse their authority (Kaci, 1998). Civil liability, as opposed to criminal liability, refers to the power of an injured party to sued a defendant for compensatory (monetary), equitable, and declaratory relief.
In ...

1) For low-risk offenders who pose minimal threat to public safety, there should be some sort of middle ground between imposing no punishment and imprisonment. Incarcerating all nonviolent offenders for minor crimes and offenses is simply not sustainable policy. The use of intermediate sanctions has gained popularity among the states as prison overcrowding continues to rise. Intermediate sanctions provide for great flexibility in tailoring the sanction to either be more lenient or severe based on the particular crime. All fifty states offer the intermediate sanction of house arrest as an alternative to prison (Tonry, 1997, p. 10).
2) The ...

“ He who neglects what is done for what ought to be done, sooner effects his ruin than his preservation; for a man who wishes to act entirely up to his professions of virtue soon meets with what destroys him among so much that is evil (Machiavelli 71).” Machiavelli talks about survival of the strongest, who must do anything to stay in power and not worry about being just or good. Machiavelli’s. The Prince’ is a treatise that talks about political philosophy, political power, the qualities of a leader and the actions that he must take in order to ...

The search for a sense of self is one of the most important quests in the history of Western philosophy. Notably, it has been the main preoccupation of philosophers in the past few centuries. Before, people accepted people to have a certain nature, due to them being creatures made by and for God. They were all more or less alike, acknowledging a particular human nature given by this deity.
Nevertheless, with the decline of the power of the Catholic Church and its consequences, along with the end of philosophy that G. W. F. Hegel heralded, the systems of thought ...

Summary and Response

Sartre as teacher believes that doctrines should be based on the one truth. And the absolute truth, according to him, is rooted in the man. Through the mediation, one can get closer to the absolute truth. Sartre’s theory is about the dignity of man and he does not treat the man as an object. Contrary to materialists, existentialists value humans. For Sartre, humans are isolated from the material world but never isolated from other men. The subjectivity of the individual is significant. Moreover, he sees the world around us as intersubjective. The man’s existence in this world ...

Deontology is philosophy of ethics proposed by Kant, which is based on absolute ethics and morality. Deontological ethics demand perfect morals and ethics that are universal in nature. This school of thought believes in focusing more on means than the consequences/ends (consequentialism). Moreover, deontology demands its adherers to focus on their own conduct and course of actions than criticizing or scrutinizing the behavior of others. Deontological ethics are criticized by the opponents of this theory as according to them, the ethics and morals presented by Kant are influenced by a religious philosophy and has no scientific reasoning behind its stance. ...

In order to get a clear picture of how Plato would respond to this dilemma, it is important to establish the facts about this case. A woman named Lisa Krawchuk qualified for welfare assistance because of her low income. The welfare authorities required her to report any changes in her income for the period that she received the benefits. She agreed to that condition, reported an increase in her income after her husband got a part-time job and the welfare office reduced her payments accordingly. Lisa failed to report that she was benefiting from a student loan and the welfare office withdrew ...

Totalitarian regimes appeared on European scene immediately after World War I, and indeed all of them had common characteristics despite the ideological separation. In order to understand the origins of totalitarian governments, it is important to trace back to prerequisites that led to the appearance of this phenomenon. Before the 19th century European states were monarchies, which were ruled by “divine” kings. These monarchies then were overthrown by a growing revolutionary trend, starting from French Revolution. Newly formed “democratic” governments pursued and were guided by nationalistic ideals. The Imperialistic ambitions of Britain, Spain and France affected newly unified Italy and ...

Citation: 376 U.S. 254 (1964)
Vote of the Court: It was a unanimous decision by all nine justices with two concurrences for the New York Times Company.
Legal Issue(s): Do the First Amendment protections of free speech and freedom of the press include false or libelous statements? To what extent can state courts apply their own rules of law in regards to their interpretation of libel law?
Procedure of the case: The case was first tried in the Montgomery County Circuit Court in Alabama. The jury entered a verdict against the New York Times. The New ...

Abstract

This paper contains t-test analysis for intrinsic motivation by gender and extrinsic motivation by position based on AIU survey data. In all the two cases, null hypothesis failed to be rejected.

Introduction

Hypothesis refers to a speculative explanation or answer to research problem or question (Lourens & Bedeker, 2007). The process of statistically choosing competing hypotheses is referred to as hypothesis testing (Kruglanski & Higgins, 2003). Some of the statistical methods of testing hypothesis included t-test and z-test.

Null hypotheses
There is no significant difference between intrinsic motivation means of males and females
Ho: µmale -µfemale = 0

Alternative hypothesis

There is significance ...

Universal Ethics is a set of values that apply to all humans, whether religious or secular, independent from any particular faith. The compilation of Universal Ethics is not a base for a new religion. In precise, it does not say anything about liturgical or philosophical notions of any categories. That means that it does not elucidate the existence of the Universe with inclusion of a man’s existence. It does not suggest any precise ritual in addition it does not deal with the concept of God. It does not contain any stories, myths, or absolute doctrines. Most significantly, Universal Ethics does not prescribe ...

Introduction

The passage from the Republic by Plato is prone to different interpretations. To gain full comprehension of the passage the reader is obliged to delve deep into the platonic debate between Socrates and Glaucon. The trajectory of the argument according to Plato, was that democracies are governments ran by fools. The principal argument in the discussion was that democracies elect courses of action without a coherent understanding of the matter they are handling. The overriding argument was that only those who are fully experienced in statecraft should be allowed to rule. ‘Socrates argued that the cobbler and the medical doctor ...

Descartes Skepticism

The philosophy of Descartes, usually called Cartesianism, is summarized in Discourse, in a more complete form - in the "Reflections" on First Philosophy (Meditationes de prima philosophia in qua Dei existentia et Animae immortalitas demonstratur, 1641, second edition with Objectiones Septimae, 1642, the Paris edition in French, with corrections Descartes in 1647) and from a different point of view in the "first principles of philosophy" (Principia philosophiae, 1644, a French translation in 1647).
Sensory experience is not able to give reliable knowledge, because we are often faced with the illusions and hallucinations. In addition, the reasoning is deducing conclusions from the ...

What is the difference between Realism and Neorealism?

The nature of international politics has long been a subject of immense debate between scholars since time in memorial. These scholars would present their own ideology as to why states go to war and what should be the main focus of actors in terms of policy-making and the use of force. Several ideologies have come and go in terms of explaining the erratic nature of international politics with only a few considered to be one of the foundations of international relations theory. One of these founding theories is known as Realism or classical realism and like its fellow international politics theories, ...