Anarchy College Essays Samples For Students

Article Critical Summary

Summary Synthesis
Analysis
Wendt buttresses his claims by challenging the views of various scholars on the issue and also pointing out the role of realists like Thomas Hobbes. He argues that the neo-realists have modified the opinion of these early scholars with regards to the construction of power politics and the state. Wendt also uses semantics related to early and current philosophy on the subject. Some of the principles of reasoning that come out of his claims include the inductive and deductive reasoning which he employs to challenge or support the conclusions drawn by other scholars. He also makes ...

Introduction

The paper is a review of the writings of Kenneth waltz and Alexander Wendt.
The two differ in the approach of discussing the anarchical realms of the world.
They agree on the use of force as a method of survival for the states.
Thesis Statement
The main argument of the paper is the contention that anarchy is relative a states. The paper takes the social constructivism approach is discussing anarchy in the world. International political arena is equated to a jungle where there are no rules.

Body

The paper delves into the discussion of the three principles of political structures ...

Research of international relations in the modern world are positioned and position themselves as a scientific discipline. Accordingly, the positioning of research in international relations as a science can be used for their theoretical and methodological understanding of the extensive on processing made in the field of history of science and philosophy of science.
Wide range of classical IR theories give us a more theoretical understanding of world affairs and system of international relations. However, the situation worldwide is changing and not every traditional theory is able to describe or explain the roots of problem. Therefore, in that case ...

Introduction
Scholars of international relations have deemed the neorealist-neoliberal debate as the conventional paradigm of their discipline. Yet, the emergence of social constructivism in international relations has challenged that standard, and critics both acclaimed and disputed the approach in relation to the established ones in place (Zehfuss, 2002, p. 2). Whereas social constructivism proved influential within scholarly circles of international relations (Checkel, 1999, p. 545), its extent of influence has received indefinite assessments.
The extent to which social constructivism has transformed international relations serve as a gap that this study seeks to ...

In the Popped Wheat Thins Commercial, happiness is equated with more than just buying and consuming a "delicious" food product. The commercial is short, but its overall theme is complex, and reveals a lot about society. In this television advertisement, attaining happiness is coupled with law-breaking -- a theme that has pervaded pop culture for many years, including music, film, and television. In this television commercial, happiness is attained by getting away with something -- something illegal, happiness and freedom.
In the commercial, a man is fiendishly eating from his box of "new" Popped Wheat Thins while speeding in his hot air ...

In order to ensure peace and prosperity of a country, most governments have employed the use of stringent rules and regulations to govern people. However, some people stray away from the common perception of government and embrace anarchy. Anarchy is basically opposite of what the government stands for, anarchism is a political ideology (Carter, 1971) that holds the state undesirable and harmful while advocating for stateless institutions. The view of anarchists stray away from the commons masses and more often they tend to go extreme and cause social disturbance and unrest (Gage, 2009)as was the case of the ...

Summary

Kenneth Waltz in his article, “Neorealism: Confusions and Criticisms,” explores various issues underlying neo-realism. Specifically, he addressed matters relating to theories. Moreover, he acknowledged that theories are often misunderstood, owing to this fact, confusions emerge. Over the years, people have got confused on what theories are, what they can do and what they can’t do; furthermore, all these confusions would be solved once and for all if people got to understand the structures and context of theories. Kenneth Waltz in a bid to make people understand what theories were went further to define what a theory is. According ...

Classical Realism, or Traditional Realism (Waltz, 2003: 21), and Neorealism, or Structural Realism (Jakobsen, 2013), are “two of the major approaches” in the study of international politics (Waltz, 2003: 21). Robert Keohane (1986: 159) considers Classical Realism as the “central tradition” in the study of international politics, while Jo Jakobsen (2013) considered Neorealism as the “bedrock theory of International Relations.”
Despite the efforts of their respective proponents to distinguish one theory from the other, commonalities between Classical Realism and Neorealism do occur. First, both would agree that changes in policymaking among states “happen” more than making it happen ( ...

Introduction

Classical realism and neo-realism represents the evolution and proliferation of international politics. Even in contemporary times, the political leaders staunchly represent these theories in their practical application of political ideals. This paper is an extensive study of these two forms of realism. It begins by defining realism; then identifies the major differences among these concepts and exemplifies its significance across the world. Finally, a conclusion is drawn by elaborating on contemporary politics and its use/rebuttal of these concepts.

Defining realism

According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2013), realism has its foundation in theories proposed by Thucydides, Machiavelli and Hobbes. It is ...

Since the end of the Cold War, the Korean Crisis between North Korea and South Korea remains as one of the world’s longest ongoing conflicts as the region remains in conflict despite the 70 year armistice between the two countries. The North remained hostile against the South throughout the armistice period, attacking the South and violated international law. Several attempts have been done throughout this period to try to get the North to concede to a permanent peace in the Peninsula and the removal of its nuclear weaponry, but the North remained adamant on its position as a hostile country. ...

The Dynastic Cycle in China

As Usher writes, “A dynastic cycle is a periodic alternation of society between despotism and anarchy.” The political theory of a dynastic cycle implies to the idea that each dynasty undergoes four major steps of development: foundation, consolidation, deceleration, and extinction. After its creation, the dynasty reaches its peak giving the country all possible benefits and making it prosperous, and then declines and falls being replaced by the new dynasty. Throughout its history, China was under the reign of lots of dynasties and, hence, experienced lots of repetitive dynastic cycles. All of them had similar structures but different causes ...

1. A "Virtue of anarchy" (or a positive effect of the constant threat of the use of force) in the international system according to Kenneth Waltz. (From Anarchic structures and balances of power, mainly Virtues of Anarchy)

Kenneth Waltz argues that countries reside in a state of war. Nation-states are guided solely by self-interests both internal, such as economic and military power, and external, by forming alliances and counter blocks. Some countries may have military potential and can use it anytime they want as a means of self-interest. K. Waltz implies that this violence is due to the anarchy, or chaos ...

Over the last few centuries, the increasing penetration into new worlds and markets has pushed for the availability of international relations (Schieder 56). International relations involve the interactions between states in the world and other bodies that help impact fruitful production among nations. This interaction is governed by certain rules that limit and guide the way state, and non-state organs interact with one another. The four common theories of international relation have been used to explain the essence and impact of international relations. These theories (Liberalism, Realism, Marxism, and Feminism) have been attributed to affect globalization and democratization today ( ...

Structural realism or Neo-realism is a well recognized theory of international relations, in the book of “Theory of International Politics”, outlined by Kenneth Waltz. His argument favoured a clear and systematic approach of the international relations structure. Considering Neo-liberalism, the topic of neo-realism is considered a great and influential approach to the discipline of international relations (Keohane & Robert, 1986). These perspectives have had a great dominance to international relations over a long period. The topic of neo-realism came from North America as a discipline of political science, and continues to reformulate and dominate the tradition of classical realist of Hans Morgenthau, Reinhold Niebuhr, and E.H. ...

What is the difference between Realism and Neorealism?

The nature of international politics has long been a subject of immense debate between scholars since time in memorial. These scholars would present their own ideology as to why states go to war and what should be the main focus of actors in terms of policy-making and the use of force. Several ideologies have come and go in terms of explaining the erratic nature of international politics with only a few considered to be one of the foundations of international relations theory. One of these founding theories is known as Realism or classical realism and like its fellow international politics theories, ...

Jack Snyder talks of realism, liberalism and idealism in the context of United States of America. The effects these two theories have on foreign policies are enormous as is evident from the policies undertaken by the United States of America. The theoretical debate between idealism and realism is also a matter of discussion. In his essay, the author discusses the intricacies and complexities of the theories of international relations in view of the contemporary state of affairs in world politics. In reference to another essay by him, one can get to know of the democracies and wars and the effects ...

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Discussion of Five Theories of International Relations

Liberalism
The study of international relations owes most of its roots from liberalism. The liberalist school of thought, having emerged during the Enlightenment, mainly addresses the broad concern of international relations on attaining enduring peace and cooperation between states and non-state actors. Scholars of liberalism thus devote themselves to the study of stabilizing relationships between states and organizations from different parts of the world through a variety of methods (Doyle & Recchia, 2011).
Liberalism includes within its vast umbrella of sub-schools of thought theories that focus mostly on the behavior of ...

V for Vendetta: Revolutionary or Madman?

In the Alan Moore/David Lloyd graphic novel (and subsequent James McTeigue film) V for Vendetta, a 1984-like totalitarian government is created as an alternate history version of Great Britain. Thought and individuality are discouraged, as the military police go around suppressing any kind of behavior (homosexuality, political dissidence, etc.) and place people in camps. The sole leader of the revolution is a shadowy figure known only as "V", a man wearing a Guy Fawkes mask who speaks only in iambic pentameter. While he is enigmatic, one may wonder whether or not he is insane as well. Are ...

Introduction

The late nineteenth century and the beginning twentieth century were marked by the great expansions and development in the society. The same was also evident in music which is part of an art that was in a revolution stage resulting to various movements. This paper will analyse two twentieth century movements which are pop and punk music. Works done by artists in the different genres will also be analysed to bring out the difference.

Pop Music

According to Hubbard, pop music is a music genre that is associated with rock and roll music and intended to appeal to the youth market (3). In ...

Introduction

The Left Hand of Darkness (1969) and The Dispossessed (1974) are useful resources that demonstrate the utopian models and breaking of limits by individuals. The paper aims at identifying the concepts of individuality in the settings of radically different individuals in the society. It demonstrates the differences in culture and interactions that exist between racially different individuals as well as their similarities. Both texts are utopian in that they give a critical review of the powerful ideologies that exist between human, environments, politics among others. The essay focuses on two characters that help in pushing the plot forward as ...

Anarchism and revolutionary events in the 19th century played an important role in shaping the European politics. In every country an anarchist though was developing differently and was associated with different events that had an impact on the overall European politics of the 19th century, and below some of these countries and their anarchism will be described.
In France, for example, the development of the anarchist thought is associated with Pierre-Joseph Proudhon. He was the son of peasants and lived in the Eastern France, where he worked as a printer that was considered to be a common occupation among ...

Introduction

People, as social creatures, tend to unite in groups that have something common: they may have a similar system of values, behavior or lifestyle that is different from the dominant culture to which they belong. In social studies, the word “subculture” refers to a part of a public group that differs from predominant society. This paper is aimed at analyzing subculture of punk, the role of media and style in punk youth subculture. From the perspective of cultural studies, a subculture is associated with a group of people that do not contradict against the values of traditional culture but ...

Cities in Cinemas: “Gone Baby Gone” by Ben Affleck

Gone Baby Gone is a film from 2007 and it is about the dark side of humanity, selfishness, but also about caring and about being moral and righteous. These themes are present in the film Gone Baby Gone and the film is successful in depicting major social and family issues. The story follows child kidnapping, two private detectives, the police and their attitude towards what means to do the right thing. The protagonist is a private detective, Patrick and he is a man of high integrity and moral standards, focused on doing his job consciously.
The dark side of ...

Introduction

The capitalist production relies mostly on the scientific application of management principles which entail antagonistic social relations with production being the central focus of managers. This implies that the human point of view is not recognized and the only ideas workers should subscribe to are those of the management. An analysis, therefore, proves that capitalist production leads to adverse social consequences that tend to subdivide workers instead of bringing them together. Capitalist production degrades work since it makes workers behave like machines thereby neglecting the need to consider the human point of view during production. The essay, therefore, draws ...

Terrorism

Terrorism is a relatively old phenomenon, although it is rampant in the present day. There are various definitions of terrorism, and it cannot be clearly defined as one term. However, terrorism is associated as a generic term for all acts of violence that spread terror amongst the masses. Terrorism can be strategic as well tactical; it can be something considered a religious duty or it can be a crime, it may also be something justifiable in the court of law, or it can be an abdominal cause of oppression.
However, what remains known is that terrorism spreads anarchy and ...

How the English-Speaking Peoples Made the Modern World

“Inventing Freedom: How the English-Speaking Peoples Made the Modern World” is Daniel Hannan who is serving in the European parliament as a British member. Hannan is a politician who is known for his conservative faith on various issues. He is also a known author and journalist and has authored several books and articles. Hannan is a staunch supporter of localism and he expresses similar views in abovementioned book. This paper intends to discuss Hannan’s book and further examines his idea of Anglosphere along with discussing other related aspects of the subject.

Hannan believes that British imperialism was for the good and ...

Policing is a complex endeavor to say the least since these brave men and women are tasked with the heavy load of preempting social deviance and ensuring law and order. It’s however a very thin line that exists between a decent law abiding society and a lawless hopeless wasteland. The line is made even thinner by the fact that, in this modern society things are not as black and white as they would normally appear to be and grays are apparently the new order of the day (Carter, 2005).

Undoubtedly the most monumental development in policing in the United States has been ...

World Literature

‘Antigone’ by Sophocles:
Analyzing the importance of Teiresias in Greek tragedy
Greek Literature speaks of ‘Antigone’ as the tragic play, which was written by Sophocles during 441 B.C. Some of the literary experts are of the view that the original manuscript belonged to years much before 441 B.C.; however, the lack of evidence certifying the earlier dates suggest the former as the age of this storyline (Leach).
This play is an important asset that World Literature preserves with care, and serves as the source for many important inferences that can be drawn from each event that ...

Introduction

The passage from the Republic by Plato is prone to different interpretations. To gain full comprehension of the passage the reader is obliged to delve deep into the platonic debate between Socrates and Glaucon. The trajectory of the argument according to Plato, was that democracies are governments ran by fools. The principal argument in the discussion was that democracies elect courses of action without a coherent understanding of the matter they are handling. The overriding argument was that only those who are fully experienced in statecraft should be allowed to rule. ‘Socrates argued that the cobbler and the medical doctor ...

In the realm of contemporary popular art, few media may claim such relevance and understanding of mass culture than the cinema. From political discourses in films such as Argo (Affleck, 2012) and The Hurt Locker (Bigelow, 2009), to philosophical inquiry in films such as Her (Jonze, 2013) and Children of Men (Cuaron, 2007), the filmic medium has never failed to be an avenue for human questions that deal with the most intimate nature of our species. In this regard, James McTeigue’s 2006 film V for Vendetta – as well as the graphic novel of the same name that it ...

Philosophy

Question one
Martin Luther Jr was an avid supporter of the civil rights in the United States of America. As a minister of the church, he advocated for the eradication of the injustice form the fabric of the Society. The colored people were constantly faced with injustice from every sphere of life and, as a result, their dignity was constantly violated. As the president of the Southern Christian leadership, he championed for the rights of the black minorities in the United States of America.
Marin Luther argues that his actions were influenced by the refusal of the Birmingham authorities ...

Developing Countries in the International System

In our contemporary world, there still remain many countries that are in the bottom billion. They continue to face extreme poverty and unemployment because of the lack of industries and jobs. The biggest problem most of these countries face is that they have limited financial assistance to enhance their economy and industry and play into the hands of developed nations, who dictate what and how they should run their economy. We all know that in advanced and economically sound countries, the quality of life of the people is much higher than that of those in economically weak and poor ...

Socrates, in Book 5 of Plato’s Republic as explained by his student Plato distinguishes the terms faction and war. Socrates distinguishes the two terms by stating that faction is hostility towards one’s own people. On the other hand, he refers to war as hostility towards strangers. In the book, which is written in a dialogue form, Socrates is speaking to Glaucon whom he tells that faction only occurs between kinsmen. He further illustrates by giving an example of a Greek race fighting against another Greek who are its own and kin, as faction rather than war. On the contrary, ...

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Explain the relationship between a soldier’s identity and the concept of masculinity. Use an example to illustrate it.
The tendency of nations to go to war against one another is a strong reason behind the existence of national military forces. Soldiers stand as the most important members of every military force since they are the ones who actively proceed in the line of battle in every war. With lives at great risk, soldiers do not resist any urges to quit the frontlines to preserve the honor they bestow on their nation. With ...

Somalia in Poverty

IFAD alias The International Fund for Agricultural Development is a specialized agency of the United Nations that assists the impoverished people in Somalia fight hunger and poverty. The article I have chosen for my essay has been published in IFAD website. The author name and the year of its publication are not disclosed. The article is titled as Rural Poverty in Somalia. As the title implies, the article underscores the increase of poverty in Somalia since the early 1990s after the deposition of the government and the outset of a violent civil war. More than half of the population in rural ...

Introduction

Just like a celebrity, the ideas of Benedict Anderson need no introduction. The scholar, theorist and modern philosopher holds the most peculiar ideas about nationalism. Benedict believes that the nation is an imagined community based on the absence of some factors. On the contrary, Partha Chatterjee believes that there was a big difference between the form of nationalism in Asia and Africa, and that in European countries. Partha Chatterjee argues that the main differences lie in the forces and reasons behind such nationalism. Worth mentioning is that nationalism is defined by the same metrics by the two scholars, but the reasons ...

The Success or Failure of the Roman Empire: A Western Perspective

The Romans treated their empire as their world and that is the reason behind their success. It’s as if the world was paralleled with the Roman Empire. This perception established the public concrete which kept the Roman Empire constant. However, this public attachment was temporarily at best. There were also some forces outside the empire which were eating away at the Roman Empire itself and nevertheless of whether we agree to the point that Rome dropped due to influences from the outside or it can be results of domestic pressure, or both of these and at the same ...

Political realism, liberalism and constructivism are three theories alive in international relations today. However, throughout history, one theory outshines the rest by continuously playing a vital role in world-wide affairs. From on-going wars to daily foreign policy acts, the philosophy of realism is applied more often than not. Realism looks at the uncertainty that exists between nations and how the various conflicts in the world need to be followed accordingly, without trust. This theory can be appropriately applied to events today and many historical conflicts over the centuries.

Comparatively, liberalism is a theory that, although it already existed, transformed with the ...

What was Thomas Hobbes’s view of human nature and what conclusion did he draw from it about the best form of government?

According Hobbes, the nature of human being is to quarrel for three different reasons: difference, competition, and glory. Hobbes’s view on human nature are in line with his argument that all humans are fundamentally the same and therefore, the idea that a king has divine power to govern other people is not realistic. In addition to his theory of human nature, Hobbes argue that due to human nature, people require some form of government in order ...

While the formation of government has been for protection of human rights and equal distribution of resources, there are negative notions about functions of the government. The negative notions are that governments are formed because of the desire to control others through manipulation and threat, and to protect a certain class of people. However, since society is more civilized today through advanced education, it can be argued that society can function without supervision from government. Furthermore, without supervision, humans can be prosperous and peaceful if government is eliminated altogether. This fact is reinforced by Einstein who said that “a genius is ...

Sentencing may be described as the decision of action taken against one convicted of an offense. Sentencing is obviously an important decision in the criminal justice process, and has evolved with it. Society has traditionally responded to criminal acts by handing over a punishment to the offender. In the implementation of sentencing, a conflict is evident between the goals of equal justice and the individualized justice with punishment to the offender, in line with the interpretation of the criminal law. It should be noted here that there is an element of reflex in our concept of punishment. Human beings have a tendency ...

Re: RFP, SLP and IT Governance.

A request for proposal is a document that is sent by an organization to the suppliers inviting them to present a proposal to provide goods or services. The request for proposal (RFP) to be sent by the suppliers indicates how the supplier is going to perform the work, the time to be taken, options in pricing and terms for payment. This document is known to be time consuming because the supplier is prompted to address how he is going to provide a come up with a creative solution to a business problem or need. It’s a very effective way to source goods and services. ...