Ancient Civilizations College Essays Samples For Students

Introduction

Rome is believed to date 2,766 years whereby it originated from a small Latin village. Rome grew to be a superpower, dominating the entire Mediterranean for many centuries (Arnason and Raaflaub 35). It was during the rule of the Julio-Claudians that Rome attained its highest levels of wealth and power. It could be referred to as the Golden time of the Roman Empire in terms of arts and literature. However, this period was also marked by notoriety and extravagance. The self-centeredness of the Julio-Claudians was evident, a phenomenon that was apparent in the persisting conflicts of interest and conflicts of duty ( ...

Introduction

Greek Bronze Age Civilization refers to Aegean civilization that developed around the Aegean Sea in ca. 3000-1200 BC. The civilization is divided into three main periods including Crete, the Greek mainland and Cyclades. The Crete period was referred as the Minoan civilization, the Greek mainland was called the Helladic period, and the Cyclades period merged with the Greek mainland during the early Helladic and with Crete during the Middle Minoan period. Aegean Civilization had two main cultures; the Minoan and the Mycenaean. The Mycenaean era is known as the "Age of Heroes" because it provided the source of the ...

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The Roman Empire came into power after a series of territorial acquisitions that ran across the Mediterranean Sea from Europe to the Asian continent. Upon its emergence as an empire, Rome stabilized itself under a number of emperors and was until the rise of Christianity considered among the most powerful forces with which to reckon. The Roman Empire has also been considered to have had major influence on the functioning of the modern world, a feat accomplished through its governance of Europe and in turn, its environs. From religion to governance, Rome’s ideologies were found to manipulate the ...

Egypt is often seen by many tourists and experts as a land with many undiscovered treasures as the country became the home of one of the richest and oldest civilizations since the ancient times. Many would often fly to Egypt to see the remaining evidences of the once powerful civilization and even at the present day, experts find new information regarding the ancient civilization. However, while there are other ancient civilizations scattered around the globe, Ancient Egypt remains as a favorite for debate and study. This growing puzzle of understanding Ancient Egypt continues to deepen even further, driving the public to ...

Essay Questions

- The afterlife was centrally important to ancient Mesopotamian and Egyptian cultures. Describe the ways in which the afterlife affected the art and architecture of these ancient civilizations. Be sure to use specific examples in your answer.
The ancient Egyptian civilization was based on belief in gods of other worlds. However, the Mesopotamian revolution relied on the belief in gods of this world. Therefore, the architecture of the ancient civilizations, especially the Egyptian civilization took place with reference to the gods and belief in the life after death. The Egyptians believed they should adhere to the respect of ...

The Rise of Cities played an important role in society as well as documented history. Cities have risen up in a variety of cultures, from Egypt and Mesopotamia, to Rome, to Western Europe. Even the Aztecs and Mayans saw a Rise of the Cities. Cities marked the epicenter for development and change. The rise of cities in Mesopotamia was a great leap forward for the complexity of society because it essentially helped shape society. With the Tigris and Euphrates rivers flooding annually the farmers eventually came up with the idea of irrigation. For the time period, rivers were portrayed as gods, thus ...

Architecture and art have been a crucial part of the prayer and religion since the beginning of civilization. This includes religions like Christianity, Buddhism, Islam, Greece traditional religion among others. This paper will discuss the history of faith and its dependence on art and architecture. The paper will highlight objects of art and architecture depending on their aesthetic, physical and theological value. As many researchers argue that this part of religion showcases the deep discussion that may also unfold the history and other important factors regarding that religion that many might not know or even ignore.
Erzen (122) argue ...

Introduction

Ancient Societies existed through a lot of strife politically, economically and socially. This essay explains issues in relation to the creation of a better world through the eyes of Confucius and Socrates. It also examines the crisis of the third century in the Roman Empire as well as the feudalism. States and Empires managed to overcome their challenges through socio-economic, as well as political reforms.

Creation of a better world

Confucius, the most significant Chinese philosopher, believes and teaches that the nature of men is the same but their habits separate them. He also believed that one should not do to others that which he would ...

The movie Bubblegum Babylon reveals the fact that the feel-good, appealing bubblegum pop is a cold business where the stars finally break up due their failure. It goes inside the music industry to explore how the billion-dollar business, which is built on catchy-looks, becomes the best marketing and merchandizing business to buy. The movie explains the profiling of producers, songwriters, impresarios behind the screen of the music, which sells the same band repetitively. It narrates how people with greed make use of the talent of the innocent ones to make money. The movie is a wakeup call for those who live ...

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English
Introduction to the Epic of Gilgamesh
Introduction – Authorship and publication details
Gilgamesh is a long narrative poem that is actually a Babylonian epic. The epic of Gilgamesh essentially focuses on a single hero as its primary theme and narrates the heroic acts of that particular hero. It is a work that can either be written text or an oral narration that was the main source of transition along significant cultural tales prior to the evolution of writing. This epic was translated into English by George Smith and was published for the first ...

Paleolithic period: The figure below shows a cave painting of bulls crafted during the paleolithic period which was approximated to be 15,000 BC (Boundless, 2014). The painting is found within the region of South Western France and is tittled ‘The Great Hall of the Bulls’. It is found within the caves where Paleolithic human beings made several drawings of animals especially bulls.
The figure above is the oldest among the three shown herein with a poorly developed art work. Though the artist employed various artistic aspect in the painting, the picture is considered primitive in nature. It is a picture ...

- Explain and assess why Rome, during the period of the Roman Republic, was able to dominate the ancient Mediterranean world. This answer should pay attention to political, social, economic, and cultural factors.
Rome had mainly remained a source of power among the Mediterranean region by 133 B.C. There were several reasons for this dominance of Rome among neighboring countries including political, social, cultural and economic factors. For instance, the Romans conquered Greece by developing cultural ties with them. Socially, Romans had realsied that Greeks were weak on moral grounds. Similarly, Hellenistic regions were not easier for Romans to ...

During the ancient period there were a lot of empires. These empires were extensive that included a huge territory and population, and were extremely wealthy. All empires have expanded through conquest of neighboring states, but not all of them lasted a long time. Some of the empires collapsed in less than a few decades after their creation, while others have existed for centuries as a hegemon of the ancient world. So how does it happen that the Roman Empire and the Han Empire lasted for centuries, and the empire of Alexander the Great and Mauryan Empire of Ashoka have collapsed almost immediately after the ...

Mesopotamia refers to the area near the Euphrates and Tigris river system, which corresponds to modern day Kuwait, Iraq, the northeastern part of Syria, the Southeastern part of Turkey and a small part of southwestern Iran (Potts, 2012, pg.557). In a wider sense, Mesopotamia refers to the area surrounded from the northeast by the Zagros Mountains and from the southwest by the edge of the Arabian Plateau and stretches from the Persian Gulf in the southeastern side to the spurs of the Anti-Taurus Mountains in the northwestern side. The Sumerians, Babylonians, Akkadians, Assyrians, and Chaldeans occupied Mesopotamia region. This region is ...

Mesopotamia and India are two most ancient civilizations of the world. Both of these civilizations were developed, well-organized and prosperous centuries ago. These ancient civilizations successfully developed an urban infrastructure system, agriculture, trade, art and architecture along with a well-organized society with appropriate provisions of law and order. These ancient societies were guided by their own religious codes. Hammurabi code propounded guiding principles for Mesopotamia while Bhagwat Gita guided the society of India. This paper intends to discuss how these religious codes successfully managed ancient societies of India and Mesopotamia in ancient times.
It is not easy to manage a ...

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Introduction
The code of Hammurabi is perhaps one of the earliest recorded attempts of humans to create a standardized justice system. Although most of the code’s provisions are considerably harsh, considering the time that the code was made, it can be considered as revolutionary. The code of Hammurabi was named after its author, King Hammurabi of Babylon. Historians believe that Hammurabi descended from the Sumu-abum dynasty of Ancient Babylon in 1894 B.C.. He ruled the city state of Babylon, the present day Iraq, between 1792 and 1750 B.C. Hammurabi was the sixth ruler of Babylon and ...

Introduction

The modern practices and belief systems are traceable to ancient societies. These modern societies are a product of the evolution of the ancient civilizations through a period spanning many centuries. The modern society has not replicated the ancient civilization; it has modified the ancient practices to fit the current needs and geographical conditions. The modern social systems in art, fashion, religion, language, science, economy and political administration have their foundation in the ancient ideologies. One of the ancient civilizations that have a profound effect to the modern society is the ancient Mesopotamia. Through its successive insightful and visionary leaders, it emerged as ...

The Roman and the U.S. Empire: A Close Comparison

Introduction

Both of these empires characterized a certain centrality (p. 3). During the Roman Empire, Rome was the capital of the empire. The flows of tribute and taxes from the Roman provinces were directed there and to the primary armies. The empire, although, was not circular. It was an east-west extension, as required by the differences in the communications links provided by the Mediterranean and the boundaries of the Sahara and the Alpine ranges (p. 3).
The Roman Empire began the Roman Republic when Julius and Augustus Caesar changed it from a ...

Introduction

The sixteenth century was marked by the rise of two hegemonic powers, the Ottoman and the Habsburg dynasties, which created many history pages because of their rivalry. The Ottoman-Habsburg rivalry was generated by several causes such as their hegemonic intentions of dominating new territories, their plans of settling their religion (Muslim versus Christian) in the conquered territories, their believed affiliation with the Roman Empire, or their millenary pride of ancient civilizations, which will be further elaborated within this essay.

Body

Being the two greatest powers of the sixteenth century, the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg dynasty practically divided the world ...

In my opinion, Marcus Ulpius Traianus or Trajan was one of the best Roman generals and emperors. He was an outstanding emperor with the behavior of a simple Roman citizen. He was the first emperor born outside of the Rome. His popularity among the soldiers could be compared only with the popularity of Julius Caesar and Marcus Antonius. During his reign, the Roman Empire reached its territorial maximum. He was born on 18 September 53 in the Roman province of Hispania Baetica. During the reign of Nero Trajan’s father was included in the Senate. Trajan began his career during ...

Mesopotamia referred to the region in the eastern Mediterranean Sea which was bound in the Northeast by the Zagros Mountains and the Southeast by Arabian Plateau. In the modern times, this land forms parts of Iraq, Iran and Turkey. Mesopotamia was watered by two rivers, the Tigris and the Euphrates, and it is famous for its association with the invention of the wheel as well as being regarded as the cradle of civilisation characterised by the mixture of cultures. As a land with many cultures, it is here that many works were developed and written that there is impact is ...

Byzantine iconoclasm has numerously impenetrable membranes of conflicting attitudes and assumptions. Iconoclasm destructs a culture’s religion icon and monuments. The protesters of iconoclasm challenge the institutions since they have errors. Different religions can carry out iconoclasm that occurs due to disputes between factions in the religion. Christians work with the motivation of the Ten Commandments that forbid the worship of idols and images provided in iconoclasm. The intense use of Christian iconography originated from the gentiles after the religion of Christianity gained legitimacy from Constantine a Roman Empire in 312 AD (Morgan 45). A strong opposition rose with the misuse of ...

- Literature produced in early Old English, a Germanic language with a Celtic imagination, expressed in Arthurian legend
- Legends of knights and honor
- Chivalric code
- Origin
- How chivalric code was passed on
- Definition
Dark Ages or commonly known as the ‘Middle Ages’ or the medieval era. This period is called ‘middle’ because it was midway between the end of the Holy Roman Empire in the fifth century and the beginning of Renaissance in the fourteenth century. However, this period in history does not have precise dates and most of the ...

A critical analysis of the paintings of the Tower of Babel directly suggest the perspective of the both the translation and labor that refer to the utopian spirit of social critique as well as to the resistance to the authority. The art paintings appear to embody an expectation of a multiplicity of tongues as a result of the harsh judgment from the Supreme Being. The Tower of Babel may not be a realized vision. It can be understood in an angle where the Utopian ideal was to be discovered. The Utopian discourse was presented in a manner that allowed the 15th century society ...

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The Nile River is located in the continent of Africa, towards the north east. It is the world’s longest river and is considered as the backbone of the existence and culture of North African states. The River Nile inundated the Mesopotamian region and helped it to flourish otherwise it would only be a devastated area without the Nile River. Mesopotamia is used to signifying "the land between rivers." It included some part of the Middle East amid and about the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. In present times, this land is located in Iraq for the ...

Compare and contrast the reading and discuss the cultural, political, and religious influence/impact the foundation myths had in the shaping of Chinese, Japanese and Korean society and history.

Introduction:

The foundation myths in China, Korea and Japan differed somewhat although they also had some similarities especially in the inscriptions discovered in various tombs. In China there were great strides made in inscriptions whilst in Korea the emphasis was more on the she bear who bore Tangun with all its mythological implications. The Japanese myth is different and is more sexually explicit as we shall observe later.

Discussion:

‘Di’s role as a ...

Introduction

The term empire is derived from the Latin imperium meaning power or authority. In political terms, an empire can be defined as a geographically extensive group of states and ethnic groups that are united and ruled by either an oligarchy or a monarch. This will be the meaning of the word empire in this essay despite its other uses in modern language to mean a large business enterprise. There were many empires in history but the notable ones include the Roman Empire and the Chinese empires which dominated most of the history between 200 BC and 200 CE.

History

The Roman Empire came ...

Compare and Contrast Outline (Point by Point)

- Abstract
- Introduction
- Thesis: The Roman Empire and The United States have a large number of logistical differences, yet have surprising similarities in ideology.
- Type of Government
- The Roman Empire runs based on the autocratic leadership of an Emperor, advised by a Senate composed of many representatives of smaller territories (Wells, 1995).
- The United States is based on the leadership of a President, a Congress composed of representatives who create and pass legislation, and a Supreme Court that enforces the law (Zinn, Emery and Reeves, 2003).
- History
- The Roman Empire ...

Introduction

The Fertile Crescent is a region that is crescent shaped that contains a fertile land that is usually called the arid and semiarid in the western Asia, Nile delta of the north east of Africa and the Nile valley. James Henry Breasted who was an archaeologist named the term Fertile Crescent. The countries that lie in the Fertile Crescent are Mesopotamia, Assyria, and Egypt. In the modern countries are Kuwait, Egypt, Israel, Iraq, Lebanon and Syria. It is presumed that education began since the human existence where parents pass on the traditions on values to their children who will do the ...

When studying classical history, there is a tendency to think of the entire Mediterranean has been largely the same. In particular, westerners often think of Greeks and Romans as more less the same people, if with a different language and slightly different philosophy. Nothing could be further from the truth. Of course, there were similarities. In addition, both cultures had been deeply influenced by the other cultures around them. In particular, the traditions of the Persian Empire had a strong influence on the Greeks (who conquered them under Alexander the great) and the Romans, who had to fight their descendants.
In their ...

Feudalism is a hierarchical political, economic and military system whereby a king exchanges land or a gift for protection in the Middle Ages. There was instability due to the fall of Rome and trade, security and communication came to a halt and this forced the kings to strike a deal with the nobles with land in exchange for military service, taxes and food from the peasants. This system helped European civilization lift itself out of the Dark Ages. The feudal system was a bond in which people were linked in a chain of common obligations to each other. Even though the conditions for the bond were ...

Introduction

Rome Empire is the period when Rome was ruled by emperors, beginning with Augustus as emperor (Gibbon, Bury & Piranesi, 2012). By the third century A.D, the emperor experienced many challenges both from within and outside the territory, leading to its collapse (Nardo, 2012). This paper addresses major social, political, economic and cultural changes resulting from fall of the Rome Empire. The most notable changes included constant invasions and warfare; communication and transportation disruption; cities abandoned into political and economic centres; and most population became rural, and feudalism develops.

Political Consequences

As Roman Empire collapse, the Romans removed their army from Britain ...

The ancient Roman soldiers and the modern soldiers share numerous similarities in different aspects such as use of armory and mobile units among others. However, the modern army enjoys modern developments in technology, which have led to the introduction of sophisticated and complex tools. As compared to the ancient Roman soldiers, modern soldiers operate with highly offensive and protective capabilities, which would marvel an ordinary ancient Roman empire soldier (Sheppard para 5). However, the ancient roman empire was the most famous in the West having conquered in most of their battles especially during the reign of emperor Augustus and ...

Called the “cradle of civilization”, Mesopotamia has seen the development of the first civilizations of the world. The Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians and Assyrians dominated the region for thousands of years and some of their discoveries have contributed to our own civilization.
Two major revolutions took place in Mesopotamia. The first, the agricultural revolution meant that people stopped being hunter-gatherers, abandoned their nomadic lifestyle and settled in permanent settlements cultivating crops and domesticating animals. The second, the urban revolution, followed several thousands of years later, with the development of the first cities and the first urban civilizations.
Writing ...

A Greek island in the Mediterranean, lying south-east of the mainland Greece; Crete has been a magnet for anthropological studies since centuries. Surrounded by Antonia, Mesopotamia and Egypt-it was greatly influenced by its neighbours in terms of culture and technical development.
Referred to as the “the first link in the European chain” by W.J.Durant, a prolific American historian, the Minoan civilization flourished during the Bronze Age from 2000BC to 1400BC. Nineteenth Century British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans coined this name when he began excavation in Knossos in 1900, thinking to have discovered the palace of the legendary king Minos who ...

With the advent of nomadism in China, Mesopotamia, and Native Indian, community experienced well controlled in terms of the economies’ health. It was not until community experienced inner problems such as municipal conflicts, starvation, or a malfunction in the army company, that the nomads action successfully. Generally, they would do this in small-scale separated strikes, not in one frustrating trend. Continuously raiding the plants, taking the animals, and losing the plants, the actual basis for community, over a period of decades would induce a further malfunction in the government, economic system, and protection. This, of course, would cause to further raids, more ...

The Code of Hammurabi is the oldest legal document that we have that sets down a written code of legal obligations. Though there could be a prior written code, scholars have concluded that it is the oldest known record that we have in terms of a written legal framework to govern a society. (Ancient History Encyclopedia, 2013). In our modern society the code of Hammurabi could be compared to the US Constitution in the sense that they are both written documents given to reflect the status quo of their time, and as such, they differ not in their legal application. Cultures of very ...

Babylon Revisited

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder was not recognized as such when Hemmingway wrote Big Two Hearted River. If it were, Nick would have been diagnosed and treated. Instead, he goes out to heal in nature. Nick knows he can heal his body and mind by getting back to nature, fishing and camping. Nature helps him heal, and he sees some of the conflicts he faced in the burnt woods are different, but the trout are in the stream and the hills where they always were in the distance. Nick is different, the grasshoppers are black to blend in with the ...

Introduction

There is a civilization in human history that inspires wonder and admiration among its descendants, evokes envy and the desire to imitate - and that is Roman Empire. Roman Empire This collocation almost invariably conjures images of power and grandeur, of mighty armies and fearsome gladiators, of marble cities and far-flung roads. And it is not surprising, because few countries have left in the history of world civilization such a bright trail and bequeathed to the posterity a cultural heritage of such enormous size and of its greatest importance. The significance of the Roman Empire is truly prominent taking into account the ...

Empire is a group of territories and ethnic groups which are united under one ruler monarch or emperor. There are many bright examples of this form of rule: Akkadian Empire of Sargon the Great, Median, Achaemenid, Maurya, Chinese, Roman, Russian, Soviet Union and many others. They all have interesting history and culture, but Roman and Chinese caught my attention the most.
Both Chinese and Roman empire were powerful, with huge army and of great territorial extension, but because of different reasons such as political, economic, military these empires split.
Roman empire appeared on the world arena in 3rd ...

Etruscans held their dead in very high regard. The tombs of the Etruscan’s reflect their obsession with ornamentation and the reverence of the dead. By looking at the tombs of the past we can gain a better understanding of the culture as a whole.
Often tombs were filled to the brim with a wide variety of both decorative and sacred objects. Large statues of animals often graced the door ways meant as guardians for the tombs. Ceramic vases and pottery was often used to hold the ashes of the dead or to serve as decorative elements. This indicates that the ...

Empire is a group of territories and ethnic groups which are united under one ruler monarch or emperor. There are many bright examples of this form of rule: Akkadian Empire of Sargon the Great, Median, Achaemenid, Maurya, Chinese, Roman, Russian, Soviet Union and many others. They all have interesting history and culture, but Roman and Chinese caught my attention the most.
Both Chinese and Roman empire were powerful, with huge army and of great territorial extension, but because of different reasons such as political, economic, military these empires split.
Roman empire appeared on the world arena in 3rd ...

Before Rome became the glorious icon of power in the ancient European region, there was an ancient culture that ruled over them: this culture – has in modern times – been referred to as the Etruscan civilization. The Etruscan people ruled over much of what today is Italy. In fact, the most notable area named after the Etruscan people is known as Tuscany in Europe. So where did they originate from? Here’s the kicker though: nobody really knows where the Etruscan people originated from. Theories have been put forth by various scholars both ancient and contemporary, to trace the origin ...

Slavery and Political Systems of the Romans

The Roman Empire was a creation of the people of Rome, and it was centered in the city of Rome. The Empire lasted for a long time, which is estimated to be from 625 BC to AD 476. The Roman Empire has an extended and elaborate history (Shelton, 1998). Inclusive in this history, is the nature of the political systems of the empire, the social-cultural system and the economic system of the empire. The empire was also large, and it expanded to over three continents. These elements of the empire grew in complexity especially in the way they were administered.
...

Ishtar Gate was built in Babylon in 575 BC, during the reign of Nebuchadnezzar and is a great arch of bricks, covered with bright blue enamel. Arch walls are decorated with sacred animals, dragons and bulls, which the Babylonians considered satellites of the gods. Fragments of the gate are now in various museums around the world: in the Istanbul Archaeological Museum, the Louvre, in New York, Chicago; in Boston reliefs of lions, dragons and bulls are stored; in Detroit, at the Museum of Fine Arts, relief of sirrush is stored. A copy of the Ishtar Gate in Iraq is ...

Greece has a prolong history, which can be stretched back to thousands of years B.C. Greek Civilization is one of the most ancient civilizations in the world. The cultures and civilizations all over the world change in the course of time. The political, social, economic factors contribute a lot in disappearance of the old values and the emergence of new values in the society. Every culture and civilization has its unique characteristics. Greek civilization too has witnessed several transitions.The present paper aims to analyze those features of Greek civilization between the period of Monolithic Age and the Greece in ...

Over the years, there has been a controversy about whether ancient sources give an accurate record of events as they happened during the Greek Bronze Age. To put matters to rest, several archaeologists have excavated some areas around ancient Greece and their discoveries suggest that the ancient records on the Bronze Age are not farfetched. From time immemorial, people have used stories, poems and other pieces of writing to preserve their most precious heritages. This has enabled generations after generations not only to gain an insight into the ancient Greece, but also other civilizations in the world as well. A ...

Q1: Comparison of Ancient Greek and Egyptian Architectural Designs

There are great similarities in the ancient architectural designs of pyramids in the Egyptians Old Kingdom and the Greek temples of Acropolis that were constructed within the age of the Pericles. The ancient Egyptian and Greek Civilizations are home to some of the oldest architectural structures and designs in history* . However, the evolution of architectural designs in these two civilizations has had different and similar aspects, and is also thought to have taken place within the periods of 1150 BC to 146 BC. In addition, the two civilizations existed in different geographical conditions, implying that the architects in these ...

Decline and fall of the Roman Empire. Did it really fall or change into something else?

The great Roman Empire existed as an important power for about 1000 years. During its existence, the Romans are credited for having brought order, prosperity, and stability, thus creating a civilized society. The empire had well maintained roads built originally for military purposes that connected the vast regions of the empire with the capital at Rome. The decline and fall of Roman Empire is a historiographical debate first introduced by the influential English historian Edward Gibbon. The Roman Empire is thought to have started 753 B.C. and began crumbling a millennium later around 476 A.D (Gibbon 23). During the rise of the ...

Ancient Mali

Arguably, the ancient empire of Mali took over after the fall of Ghana Empire around 1240AD. Certainly, the first capital in the Mali Empire was Djeriba, Niani, and Mali respectively. Perhaps, the powerful kingdom began to lose its influence and power in the course of 16th century. The ancient Mali was ruled by one of the greatest rulers, such as Sakura, Sundiata, Maghan, Musa, and Maria Jata (Strickland & Lemoine 116). Its leaders together with traders established powerful trade links in the region. Ancient Mali dominated the Sahel region because of its premeditated approach for controlling and conducting trade in ...

Evolution from Hunting and Gathering to an Agricultural Society

The Neolithic Revolution is also known as the Neolithic Demographic Transition. Data indicate that this began about 12,500 years ago. People formed communities and they developed settlements as they began to domesticate certain species of plants (Tignor, 23). This “revolution” occurred in several places around the world. The earliest revolution occurred in the Fertile Crescent area of Mesopotamia between 10,000 to 8,000 BC, in the Kuk Early Agricultural Site of Melanesia at about 8000 BC, and in Subsaharan Africa at about 2500 BC. One theory that is used to explain this phenomenon is that agriculture was ...

Introduction

On most occasions, historians construct world history according to the emergence of civilizations associated with a particular empire. Egypt is one of the rich areas studied by the scholars to understand how ideas and people came together to formulate civilizations and empires. Imagine a region that is sparsely populated but still fertile and watered by several water sources. Individuals settle in the region and proceed to domesticate the animals and plants. The process of domestication is made possible by migration and riverine territories. As the population rises, so do the needs of the people. The requirements introduce political and ...

Mesopotamia is comprised in the area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Here, a very impressive culture developed beginning with the year 6.000 BCE. Akkad and Sumer are the most important kingdoms which emerged on these lands. These civilizations’ development was closely connected to geographical and climatic specificities of the area. The weather in the area is very hot, rains are scarce and the two rivers often cause floods. People had to develop irrigation systems to be able to cultivate the land and thus, to survive (Ross-Nazzal, 2015). Another important cultural characteristic is the polytheistic belief. Both the geographical location ...

The Success or Failure of the Roman Empire: A Western Perspective

The Romans treated their empire as their world and that is the reason behind their success. It’s as if the world was paralleled with the Roman Empire. This perception established the public concrete which kept the Roman Empire constant. However, this public attachment was temporarily at best. There were also some forces outside the empire which were eating away at the Roman Empire itself and nevertheless of whether we agree to the point that Rome dropped due to influences from the outside or it can be results of domestic pressure, or both of these and at the same ...

Introduction

Etruscan is an ancient italic culture that was developed from a prehistoric civilization referred to as Villanova. The Etruscans mainly settled within the central region of Italy specifically between Tiber and Arno rivers. The Etruscan civilization was once a brilliant culture that has disappeared over time but represents the foundation for ancient development of Roman art and culture as well as the Italian Renaissance. The Etruscans were considered as the first “superpowers” in the entire peninsula currently referred to as Italy. In fact the Etruscans established most cities in Western Mediterranean by working alongside Greeks. Cities such as Pisa, ...

Introduction

The world we live in today has not always been what it is but has been built to what it is today. While little is known of the Western world, specifically the Americas before explorers such as Christopher Columbus discovered it, there exists rich literature of ancient civilizations that have shaped all spheres of modern life. The most recognized civilizations include the Egyptian civilization, the Roman Empire, and the Greek civilization. The fall of one civilization led to the rise of another civilization and so forth. The earliest recorded civilization, however, is the Egyptian civilization and scholars have credited ...

In What Ways Were the Romans Heirs to the Greek Civilization?

Introduction
There is a consensus among scholars that the major influences of the Roman culture were the Greeks. Among the major proponents for this theory are authors, Roy Matthews, Dewitt Platt and Thomas Noble; and the renowned historian, Eugen Weber. In their book, ‘The Western Humanities, Volume 1: Beginnings through the Renaissance,’ Matthews, Platt and Noble developed the idea that Western culture, which developed from the Romans, was actually a product of the Hellenistic culture that dominated the Mediterranean region in the past (Matthews, Platt, & Noble, 2010). Similarly, in his video instructional series, ‘The Western Tradition,’ Eugen Weber presented ...

The questions of birth control have always troubled mankind. The search for methods of contraception and abortion by doctors doing started in the ancient world. Throughout the history of mankind abortion is one of the oldest problems of medical ethics, philosophy, law and theology. The mention of abortion is found in ancient Chinese writing more than 4,600 years ago. There is evidence that the ancient inhabitants of Australia tore the membranes to cause miscarriage. Moreover, the women of East Africa caused an abortion with special wooden sticks. This paper is dedicated to clarification of the methods of birth ...

History as an academic subject can simply be defined as the study of past events in a chronological order. History is very wide and it only deals with things that happened in the past. Those who study history is referred to as Historians. This paper tackles a few historical questions.

What is meant by the term ‘Romanization’? Was military force the primary means of achieving the ‘pax Romana’?

The term Romanization can be defined as a process through which those who were conquered by the Romans were made or were assimilated to become like Rome. It was used by the Roman Empire to spread their influence to other populations. The Romanization was made possible through processes such as the spread ...

History is considered to be humanity’s legacy drawing the path which is to be paved upon the learnings of the past. It was Aristotle, the great Ancient Greek philosopher, who had said that history is a series of homocentric cycles, aiming at pointing the importance of studying it. Evolution and progress may achieve to make people’s lifestyle much more progressive than they could ever imagine but human nature is not easily changeable. As a conclusion studying history contributes to our understanding human nature, the inner needs generating certain actions, and leads us to learning on what could have been ...