Borrowing College Essays Samples For Students

Essay one (China’s financial system)

Introduction and Thesis Statement
The restoration of an economy from a depression requires a careful adoption of strategies. Various measures that governments use to promote the growth of key sectors as wells the entire economy have severe outcomes which must be considered before they are put in practice. Fundamentally, governments implement different fiscal and monetary strategies to solve economic problems, which may be successful or not. Thus, the analysis of the strategy to be deployed becomes essential to achieve the desired objectives. The financial sector in an economy is of central importance. As such, public policies that impact on ...

1. Misconceptions
Money generation remains central to economic activity. The process of how money is generated / created and destroyed is not, in fact, readily understood and is subject to numerous misconceptions. If anything, main conceptions about money creation and destroy assumes a linear conceptualization mode. Typically, money is widely – but mistakenly – believed to be created and destroyed by a direct relationship by which an owner places money deposits in a financial institution which, sooner or later, lends money to borrowers and hence creates more money. In modern era, particularly in a global financial system in which financial transactions ...

Question 1

The federal reserve bank is a major institution in the American’s economy and society designed to offer financial stability by maintaining currency flexibility. The Fed as consistently played a significant role in the Untied States economy and monetary policy since its establishment. The Fed established in 1913, therefore, its the roles and regulations go back only to the early years of the 20th century. For instance, the Fed came into play when a harsh economic crisis started in 2008. During this period the GDP shrank, unemployment increased and millions of Americans were worried about their futures. It was the role of ...

Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

GDP is a representation of the total value of all goods and services produced in an economy during a given year. It is a gauge used in assessing the health of an economy in comparison to previous quarterly reports (Frumkin, 2006). Measuring GDP involves two methods, which logically should arrive at the same totals. The methods used in measuring GDP are; income and expenditure approach. The income approach sums up gross profits for all incorporated and incorporated companies, total employee compensations, taxes and less any government subsidies. The expenditure method, on the other hand, sums up total investments to total consumption, net ...

The role of policy makers in any economy is to regulate macroeconomic activities with the main goal of maintaining economic stability. The goal of the policy maker is to maintain stability, which is significant in promoting economic growth and social welfare of the citizens. The policy makers have implemented various policies to stimulate the economy since the financial crisis when government suffered a critical national debt. They are also trying to implement a reliable strategy for balancing the government’s budget in the long- run to solve macroeconomic problems. Therefore, implementing long-term fiscal sustainability is vital for today’s economic growth ...

Introduction

India government spending has been increasing over years. Currently the country is experiencing a budget deficit of 4.3% of gross domestic product. Sizeable amount of the deficit is financed by borrowing internally, however considerable amount is also borrowed externally. The high budget deficit is attributable to increased spending on direct cash subsidies and weak economic growth outlook which does not allow the government to increase tax. The subsidies which have lately been increased are petroleum and food subsidies. On the other hand, the weak economic performance has been attributed to decreasing external and internal demand of India’s goods and ...

In 1960's the government biggest proportion of its spending went to investment. In 1962, the amount of government expenditure on investments was around two and half times that of transfer payments. Currently, the boat has capsized, and the spending on transfer payments has grown to over three times the spending on investment. . This indicates a drift of government goals. Precisely, transfer payment was mere 15% of the federal budget in 1960’s but currently it is over fifty percent. Transfer payments refer to the money paid by the government to households for no work done. The payments are done ...

Credit rating of a country is mainly the ability of a country to repay the loans that it borrows both domestically and from other countries. It is mainly determined by the economic conditions that are prevailing in the country at a certain time. There are other factors that affect the credit rating of a country. This research paper will evaluate the credit rating of South Africa. The research will evaluate the cause of the current credit rating of South Africa and its effects to the country in various sectors of the economy (KRUGMAN, 2009).
South Africa is a country that has a very good ...

Questions over Case Study 11.1

Identify the weaknesses in each strategy. (Hint: How do you think the bond rating agencies reacted to California’s 2003 budget?)
The first dangerous strategy identified was -Delay maintenance and replacement of assets—and rely on hope (Starling, 2011). The weakness of this strategy is, in addition to posing a physical threat to the people who can be harmed by these delays, poses a very real threat to the budget. More specifically, Osborn an Hutchison (2004a) note that “avoidance becomes addictive, and the real problems fester and grow, ultimately requiring even more painful solutions (p.29)”
The second dangerous strategy ...

Fiscal sustainability is essential in economic growth of a country through reducing the level of government borrowing. This enables government to use their savings to foster economic development whereby the government is able to focus more on the economic empowerment of the country through infrastructural development and creation of a favorable environment for local and international investments. Increased government revenues aids in increasing resources that are necessary for the economic activities Resources include the availability of natural resources and the skilled labor required to produce goods and services from the available natural resources. As such, economic growth occurs when there are ...

The recent global economic crisis exposed most of the world economies to recessionary pressures, stemming from the collapse of the subprime mortgage markets in the US in 2007, which reverberated across the world owing to the international reach and interdependence of financial markets. The UK’s economic suffered the pressures with the near collapse of Northern Rock, coupled with the faltering profitability of some its businesses. The UK grew by 0.5% in 2010 far below the country’s historical average of over 5%. The modest growth is however, a remarkable increase over the performance in 2010, which posted a 1.2% fall ...

Deficit spending refers to the spending of funds more than the income. In government, deficit spending occurs when the government expenditure exceed the revenues collected over a specified fiscal period (Investopedia, 2016b). An important note on government deficit spending is that it begins at the budgeting stage where the government plans to spend more than it expects to get in revenues. The consequence of this is that the government has to borrow even with the achievement of the highest estimates in revenue collection. The government finances the deficit through two main ways. Traditionally, the major method of meeting the ...

The last few decades have seen an unprecedented increase in student loan debt levels and in fact, student loan debt has become a financialfully-fledged crisis for many graduates.. Students have been incurring enormous debts and later defaulting or going into forbearance in these payments and because of this, education policy makers and experts have had endless debates regarding how to tackle this problem. The, but the debate has been laden with inconsistencies and lack of consensus and most of the solutions advanced have not made area real impact on the loan deficit.been effective. One of the key problems contributing to ...

According to the Keynesian theory of recession, economic depression occurs as a result of hoarding of money by key players, like entrepreneurs and consumers in the economy as a result of fear of projected economic hardships. Keynesian emphasized that, there can be no depression as long as there is constant spending even if it a period of depression. Constant spending ensures a constant flow of income which encourages people to spend. Keynesian encouraged the United States government that whenever people tended to hoard money, it was a principle role of the government to initiate spending especially by imposing heavy bills on consumers (Alan 115). ...

Introduction

Economic performance varies between countries owing to various factors. Such factors include resources endowment, level of development, education as well as economic policies. In that view, those factors results to differences in macroeconomics factors that act as the performance measures and indicators. Thus, comparing macroeconomic performance between countries offers a view of the country with better growth and opportunities. To demonstrate the differences, this analysis compares macroeconomic performance of Scotland and England by analyzing their macroeconomic variables over the period beginning the year 2009 to 2013. The analysis is done with two approaches; level comparison and trend analysis.

Analysis

The crucial ...

Introduction

The actions taken by the Reserve Bank of Australia to influence the cost and supply of money in the economy are referred to as the monetary policy. The main tools through which the monetary policy influences the market operations is the interest rate that is paid on the loans from the money market. Manipulating the interest rate is the main tool of RBA to influence its monetary policy. RBA is the central bank of Australia; and it is the role of the central bank to ensure price stability by controlling the supply of money. So, a stabilizing role is played ...

Introduction:

Monetary policy refers to the strategy undertaken by a country’s monetary authority to control money supply usually by targeting the interest rate to facilitate economic growth and stability. The Australian government charges the Reserve Bank of Australia with the responsibility of maintaining sustainable economic growth, high employment rate and steady prices. In other words, the RBA strives to achieve the goals of full employment and non-inflationary level of total output. To accomplish these objectives, the RBA closely monitors the economy and puts in places policies to either increase or decrease the amount of money circulating in the economy. Consequently, ...

IS-LM model also known as the Investment Saving-Liquidity Preference Money supply model is a macroeconomic tool that shows the interrelationship between interest rates and the actual output, in the money market as well as the goods and services market. The point at which the IS and LM curves intersect is known as the general equilibrium. This is an extremely fundamental tool and has been used by different economists in a bid to explain the various macroeconomic concepts that define how activities flow in the goods and services market and monetary market. As a critical tool among monetarists and Keynesians the IS-LM model ...

The Eurozone crisis began as early as 2005. The problems were mostly related to internal economic problems mainly low productivity. The crisis took a plunge in 2008 as many financial institutions in the US—like Lehmann Brothers—collapsed. Many governments and banks lost their investments in these institutions. In turn, these governments and banks began to fail in paying for their own loans. Because they were unable to pay their debt, they could not find any source of funding so entire economies.
The economic crisis was not solely the result purely of the collapse of financial institutions. Some economies— ...

Analysis under this model requires the examination of performance data over a specified accounting period (Marchetti, 2005). The paper analyses the performance of Competition Bikes and applies methods to pursue the same. This method relies on the final financial statements in the form of the balance sheet and the income statement. According to the returns of year 6 and 7, the revenue raised by 33% as contrasted by a year 7 and 8 net slump of 15%. This decline is a weakness. It is likely that during the second trading period; a recession had gripped the economy, thereby, reducing the returns. In addition ...

EXTERNAL DEBT SUSTAINABILITY OF U.S: A NONLINEAR APPROACH

Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to carry out an investigation of the sustainability of external debt of US through a non-linear approach. We are first going to test the non-linearity and non-stationary nature of the data simultaneously. We are then going to test the linearity of the ratio against the threshold autoregressive using the TAR model. The US debt sustainability has been an issue of global concern for quite some time now. We are going to analyze it using the MS unit root test which is applied to the debt flow for the current account. The ...

Introduction

Economic management is the most critical function of any government. It requires critical approaches through the adoption of efficient macro-economic policies that lead an economy in the desired direction. Inefficiencies in public policies result in poor economic management, which results in economic problems such as unemployment, inflation, and other forms of economic instabilities (Galí 98). This essay will answer questions that address some of these economic problems.

Government measures to increase the level of aggregate demand in the economy and their effectiveness

The level of aggregate demand is an essential factor in the determination of the economic position of an economy. It determines critical factors such as investment that indicate the GDP of a ...

Expansionary Fiscal Policy

Fiscal Policy refers to the federal government use of spending and taxation to meet the macroeconomics goals. At the time of recessionary periods, the federal government, in order to smooth the economic cycles, reduce the taxes and increase the government spending g. Important to note that each of these measures has an important effect on the aggregated demand, GDP and employment and the same is discussed below:

Effect of reduced rates of Taxes:

As a general phenomenon, income taxes reduce the incentive to work by creating a tax wedge between pre-tax and after-tax wages. Thus, at the time of the recessionary period, the federal government in order ...

Fiscal sustainability refers to a situation where the government operates a balanced or surplus budget. This implies a low level or no government borrowing to finance its expenditures. When a government operates a budget deficit, the deficit is financed through borrowing. A government may operate a budget deficit in the short run but in the long run, it is necessary to balance the government’s budget. Failure to strike a balance in the government budget leads to crowding out effect in the loanable funds market.
Since the government borrows funds from the loanable funds from the public through issue of government bonds and other securities, ...

Essay 2

1 Literal borrowing is one of the issues that are discussed by people in the literal world on a daily basis. Authors borrow ideas for their literal works to improve on the quality of work presented. Borrowing of intellectual material can be good or bad. Good borrowing of literal material is an act that almost all researchers perform. It is perfectly genuine if done according to the standard guidelines and the act is documented correctly (Yu and Peter 45). Bad literal borrowing also known as plagiarism is a wrong act since the author copies the works of another author to a wide ...

ABSTRACT 3

INTRODUCTION
Background 4
Information Sources 4
Limitations 4
ANALYSIS
Quantitative Easing 5
Third Round of Quantitative Easing 7
Fiscal Cliff 8
European Debt Crisis 9
CONCLUSION 12

REFERENCES 13

Abstract
In is an analysis of the government’s role in the economy is presented. The articles from Economist.com namely, The Federal Reserve launches QE3 and The ECBs Bond-Buying Plan were analyzed in light of the theories and principles in Economics.
The themes of the two articles focused on the two Central Banks’ (the Federal Reserve and the European Central Bank) ...

An Investigation in Private financial initiative (PFI) dilemma

Introduction:

The fundamental concept of Private financial initiative (PFI) is to create a partnership between public and private sector by financing public projects via private sector capital. In this practice, after founding public project by private sector, project leased back over a certain period of time to public sector (government), and private sector provides set of services associated with project such as maintenance.
PFI initially introduced by British Conservative government in 1992 to found the modernization project of Britain public infrastructure such as roads, schools and hospitals. Nowadays, PFI practiced by several governments in different countries (e.g. United Kingdom, Australia, ...

Europe fell in a deep recession together with the entire globalized world due to the so called subprime mortgage crisis. However, while the US is managing to recover its economy and it’s now growing at a sustainable rate, Euro Union is somehow struggling in returning at a pre-crisis level and it is actually facing a second recession (so called “double dip”) that is affecting mainly the countries of the South Europe. Since 2010 thus, Greece is having major problem in rolling over its sovereign debt and it had to obtain a bail-out from the other European countries. Similar destiny has occurred to Portugal ...

Abstract
The trade off theory advocates that the management consider the trade off between the benefits resulting from tax shields verses costs, such as bankruptcy costs, interest costs and agency costs among others. The ability of management to obtain external financing is determined by size of company, profitability, opportunities for growth among other factors. The trade off theory indicates that the management gears at obtaining all the benefits associated with external financing. The M and M theory (1963) has the argument that changing the capital structure may not make the share holder any better off. The contradiction of ...

The Middle East is a vast region with many countries which are differently endowed with both natural and human capita l resources. The state institution and development of societal status have also evolved differently based on the past experiences of colonial and pre-colonial eras. The Middle East region is known to have suffered economic backwardness dating back to the seventeenth century. The state of economic conditions and social developments of the Middle East countries is quite similar to those of North Africa region countries particularly Egypt. The two regions were highly affected by the ruling of the Ottoman Empire ...

Gupta and Goldfajin defined a tight monetary as “a case in which real interest rates in the aftermath of the crises are higher than the average real interest rate during the 24 months preceding the crises”(Goldfajn and Gupta, 1999, p.4). The primary objective of ensuring that the monetary policy is tightened is to make sure that the supply of money in the economy is reduced and also to ensure a conducive environment for businesses. For a commercial bank to lend money, there are a lot of factors that it considers. Some of the factors include the volume of ...

Definition of the microcredit

Microcredit is the main tool of the microfinance concept, which is considered to be invented by the Professor Mohammad Yunus, the founder of Grameen Bank in Bangladesh. As it is stated on the Crammen Bank web page, a microcredit is a program of small loans, offered to the poorest people so that they could generate income through self-employment projects (Grameen Bank, 2012). Microcredit can be also defined as a small loan to poorer households or small entrepreneurs, that lack steady employment and a verifiable credit history. In most cases microcredit does not require any collateral, as its target audience ...

Thesis statement

United States trade with China has grown significantly since the year 1979. This has led to an increase in both exports to China and imports from China. Although there have been negative consequences on the US economy, trade with China brings more good than harm to both China and the US.

Introduction

The past three decades have seen substantial growth in US-China trade. Since the US and China formally established diplomatic relations in 19179, the total trade has increased from $2 billion to $591 billion in 2014. China has risen to become the second-largest trading partner of the United States. ...

Comparative politics refers to the assessment of the political situations in all the countries across the world. Therefore, it becomes easy to determine the similarities and the dissimilarities that exist among the countries. The citizenry could use the comparative studies to increase efficacy in their nations thereby leading to the economic developments in the countries. As a result, the economic developments enhance the people’s living standards. The comparative politics entails two main methodologies that include; the area studies approach and the cross-national approach. The area studies approach involves an in-depth examination of a specific country or region. On the other ...

Simple interest simply refers to the extra money charged on a loan or earnings from an investment. This type of interest can be determined by multiplying the principal by rate by time which can be in years or months depending on the designated timeframe (Lewis, 1981).

Simple interest (I) formulae

,where

P-refers to the investment amount

R- is the interest rate per year
T-refers to the time taken of period for the loan or investment
Compound interest (A) formulae
, where
P-refers to the investment amount
r- is the annual nominal interest

I- represents the interest rate

n- is the number of compounding periods per unit
nt- Number of ...

Principles of Macroeconomics: The Importance of National Debt

Introduction
National debt is a popular term that is heard on the news or read in the papers and is utilized by economists, politicians, opinion-providers and academicians to refer to an economic concept whose importance transcends social status and location. National debt is defined by CNBC as the summation of all the debt owed by a country’s government . National debt is composed of the amount borrowed or the principal plus all the interest payments levied on the principal amount. National debt is important because it funds government programs in cases wherein the government has not collected enough revenue from ...

The theories of both Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill have played an important role in framing conceptions of modern philosophical theories. Although most modern philosophers have critiqued these theories, they are still important since they form the very basis of philosophical understanding and thought. This essay will summarize, reflect on and respond to the theories of Utilitarianism by John Stuart Mill as well as the Deontological theory by Immanuel Kant.

Utilitarianism

John Stuart Mill’s utilitarian thought is heavily characterized by classical liberalism and positivism and is a ‘consequentialist’ theory. The utilitarian theory is a principle which believes that a right or ...

INTRODUCTION

Economies these days face the challenges and combat with the rising inflation continuously. The structure of the macroeconomic policy encourages the economic growth. The tools used for the stability of the economy are in some of the cases referred to as the expansionary economic policy. The fiscal and the monetary decisions of the economy determine the policies which end recession. These policies are usually formed by the central banks which determine the increasing or the decreasing money supply. The expansionary policy is considered as an effective tool for managing the low growth periods which arise in the business cycle. ...

Sequestration and the Government Shutdown of October 2013

Sequestration is a budgetary process in the United States under which limits on the federal budget are imposed. The process of sequestration involves setting a cap on the amount of spending that the government can undertake at any given period of time. The capping of the government spending is not a blanket one and it targets specific categories of expenditure.
Budgeting in the federal government of the United States is carried out through a process which involves both the executive and the congress. The executive arm of the government prepares a budgetary estimate of expenditures covering a specific period of time and the congress, ...

The United States of America has the largest economy in the world and from statistics; it is in a good shape since five years ago. The economy of the United States of America is continuously growing and at the present, it has a GDP growth of 1.8%. The economy is still recovering from the recession of 2007 and 2008. The unemployment rate in the U.S currently estimates at 8 %. When comparison occurs to the previous years, the results show that it is high and this is because of the current economic situation. The improvement is because more Americans started to participate ...

Introduction

International Monetary Fund and World Bank are two well-reputed financial institutions that try to ensure that the global economy is in healthy state and the economic disparity among people and nations are reduced as much as possible. The basic goals of these institutions are focused around developing nations. Developing nations across the world have many basic problems impeding their progress. Many people in those countries are ridden with problems like the lack of access to clean water, lack of sanitation facilities, no access to primary and secondary education, disparity among girl and boy child, lack of health facilities and ...

Fiscal policy is an intervention in which the government uses its spending and taxes to influence economic activities in desired ways. It is concerned with the allotment of resources between the private and the public sectors with the aim of attaining the desirable level of growth and stability. The national government plays a vital role in regulating activities in the economy through the use of fiscal and monetary policies to influence various economic indicators such as inflation, investments and savings.
Discretionary fiscal policy pursues the Keynesian hypothesis where the central government manipulates demand to influence price levels, output and ...

The implementation of macroeconomic policies is done to achieve the government’s main aim of full employment and a stable economy through low inflation. The Phillips curve is an important tool in studying the relationship between these two parameters in an economy
Inflation is occasioned by an increase in the average price of goods and services over time, while unemployment is the condition where someone actively seeks a job but gets none despite their willingness to accept the market wage rates on offer at the time.
Philips, by analyzing unemployment data changes in the UK, observed that a stable curve ...

Introduction

Widely regarded as the author of the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson is a pre-Civil War president who is immortalized on Mount Rushmore. Jefferson had always been on the national scene serving as delegate to the Virginia House of Delegates and also serving two years as the Governor of Virginia. His national service life also saw him become America’s Minister to France after the war. While serving as the Secretary of State in Washington’s administration, Jefferson often had quarrels with Alexander Hamilton over his view on a centralized national bank. After becoming president in 1800, Jefferson made tremendous efforts ...

This paper is going to discuss the European sovereign debt crisis of 2010 to date, and especially the crisis that hit two particular governments in the sovereignty, Greece and Ireland. The two governments have recently received bailouts, or financial support from the EU/ IMF following the two nation’s financial crisis of 2010. The two countries had similarities in regards to the support owing to the fact that the two states had troubles with their government finances. The causes of the troubles, in addition to the terms of the support received by each nation, and the prospects of the ...

Plagiarism is the appropriation of authorship to someone else's work of science, literature, art or someone else's discovery, invention or rationalization proposal, as well as the use in his writings of someone else's work without reference to the author.
So, the meaning of the word plagiarism has been known since the 17th century. This term was used when he characterized the literary theft. As for more ancient times, in Roman law there was the concept of "plagium," which was the name of selling a free man into slavery. The punishment for such an act was scourged. To date, the ...

Out of several things determining the success of the business, the ability to manage the financial risk is also an important factor. Failing to manage the financial risk has lead to the failure of many big companies. MF Global bankruptcy is one of the greatest examples of failure where the company made several attempts to raid the customers’ account to meet the financial obligations (heartland.org, 2012). The company's inability to manage the financial risk caused the loss of million dollars to the customers, and the company turned out to be bankrupt (Till, 2012). This paper explains about various techniques ...

Introduction

The debt and equity financing are the basic choices of raising money for a company or growing business (Kokemuller, 2016). However, organizations usually have options for seeking debt or equity financing where the option most rely on the source of funding that can be accessed easily by the company, its flow of funds, and the importance of maintaining control of the firm to its principle owner. Therefore, the debt to equity ratio will indicate the figure of the company’s financing that is proportionately given by the debt and equity. This essay illustrates the strengths and weaknesses of debt ...

Abstract

The purpose of the above paper is to highlight the impact of the great recession that was experienced in 2007 -2009 and the bailout strategies used by governments to restore investment institutions from collapsing. The paper starts with an introduction that explains the impact of the great recession to the U.S and global economy. As a remedy to avert the adverse effects of the global recession, both short term and long term strategies were sought. The advantage of using the short-term strategies was to restore stability in the financial sector and prevent further collapsing so as to achieve economic ...

Factors Contributing To Language Change

Introduction
Besters-Dilger, Dermarkar, Pfänder and Rabus (2014) define language change as the variation in the language’s morphological, phonetic, syntactic, semantic among other features over time. Language is always changing across social groups, space and time. In Nigeria exploration contributed to the development of English language in the country. Explorers associated with Nigerians making the citizens to learn and adapt to the explorers language for effective communication. From one generation to another, new pronunciation emerges, new and additional words evolve or invented by the population, morphology decays or develops over time. Hickey (2003) records that, although the rate ...

Introduction

Governments and nonprofit organizations just like the commercial entities must prepare financial statements, but unlike the commercial entities whose accounting is for measuring profitability, the governments’ and nonprofit organizations’ accounting is for accountability (City of Cambridge Participatory Budgeting, 2016). The nonprofit and government agencies apply an accounting system known as fund accounting, where a fund is made up of several accounts each set apart for a particular purpose in agreement with law and regulations. Unlike the commercial entities which only have a single account called the general ledger for determination of profits, nonprofit and government agencies can have several ...

Question 1

Financial markets are the channels dealing with funding of money in case of a deficit on the borrowers in the enterprise by direct financing such as selling them as securities. Central bank regulations and government intervention help in the control of monetary policy and interest rates in the economic markets. Having full control over monetary policies will ensure that inflation rates are reduced. As discussed in class, a reduction in monetary policy sinceJanuary 2016 had a great impact on the euro zone currency as investors in the foreign market increased their purchases due to the currency protection not to ...

Activity 1

The cash based and an accrual based accounting systems are the two methods of accounting, which businesses use to record their accounting transactions. The main distinction between these two methods of accounting is essentially the time at which expenses and revenues are recognized and recorded (McCorkle, Klose, & Klinefelter, 2008). Thus, a cash based accounting system is essentially an accounting technique under which the business record expenses when it pays out cash and records the income when it receives cash. Consequently, a cash based accounting system recognizes expenditures and income at the time when the businesses pay out or receive ...

Trump is the leading presidential candidate of the Republican Party, and he is campaigning under the slogan of make America great again. His campaign slogan is based on several extreme economic and social policies. The economic policies of a president are mainly macroeconomics policies that affect all the components of the country’s gross domestic product. His main economic policies touch on taxes, labor supply, investments, and international trade. He looks forward to cutting individual and cooperate taxes, increasing the volume of exports, decreasing imports and increasing private investment (Trump, 1).
The most popular and extreme economic policy that ...

Q1. Identify two strategies based on the fiscal and monetary policy that would encourage people to spend money in order to create economic growth.
Fiscal and monetary policies are demand side policies that can be strategically employed for realizing economic growth by motivating consumers to spend money. It can be made possible by brining an increase in aggregate demand (AD) if the economy is passing through recession or growth is below the expected level (Pettinger, 2012).
Monetary policy can be the most randomly used tool for impacting economic activity. To encourage AD, the Central Bank of a country can ...

Question 1: Expected return of the bonds

Face value = $1,000
Time to maturity = 1 year

Since the bonds have no coupon interests the price is the present value of the face value.

P = F(1+r)n
n = 1
Therefore, r = FP – 1
P = $800
r = 1,000800 – 1 = 1.25 – 1 = 25%
P = $950
r = 1,000950 – 1 = 1.0526 – 1 = 5.26%
P = $1000
r = 1,0001000 – 1 = 1 – 1 = 0

Question 2

r = FP – 1
0.2 = 1000P – 1
1000P = 1.2
P = 10001.2 = $833.30
The above price reflects the intrinsic value of the bond. The bond does not pay coupon interest hence it is selling at a discount. If investors require a return of 20%, the bond must be selling at a price of $833.30 ...

Introduction

The performance art is a unique genre of which the presentation focuses on the lively aspect than the elemental audio platforms. This has been the most valued element of arts since the Elizabethan times to the latest or postmodern world. The 20th century has been abuzz with stylistic enhancement in the performance arts, with archaic styles such as Futurism and Dada being upheld in this latest generation of art history. Moreover, the field of performance arts has replaced the old system of visual arts based on paintings and traditional sculptural works to a new aesthetics based on varying levels ...

The Federal Funds Rate Hike

The New York Times, in an article by Binyamin Appelbaum entitled "Fed raises key interest rate for first time in almost a decade" discussed the pronouncement of the Federal Open Market Committee ﴾FOMC﴿ to increase the Federal Funds rate. The decision came exactly seven years after the financial crisis in 2008 when the FOMC reduced its rates to near‐ zero level to prevent the economy from collapsing. The article described the move as signaling the beginning of the end of the Fed 's stimulus program and highlighted the Fed statement that the Fed intends to increase the rates gradually ...

Made In China: Chinese Artistic Representations of Capitalist Consumption

In this exhibition, themes of appropriation and authenticity play themselves out in the works of Chinese artists Ai Wei Wei, Tamen, and Liu Bolin. Ai Wei Wei challenges us to reconsider what is authentic and what is consumerism. Liu Bolin’s works represents consumerism in the style of the vacation postcard — except in his photographs, the figure is camouflaged, evocative of the notion of China incorporated into a culture, but not identified. Ta Men’s paintings evoke the original anecdote of authenticity and food in the North American imagination.
Chinese art that represents capitalist consumption brings to mind two ...

Research Paper: Testing Bender and Ward Model on UK green companies

Introduction
In their book, Corporate Financial Strategy, Bender and Ward proposed a new financial theory where they postulated that the gearing ratio of the company affects its market value, which is indicated in the stock prices throughout the life cycle. Accordingly, it is very important for the company to use defined funding source at each stage of life cycle to balance the financial and business risk. In the book, the authors had also described each stage of company’s product life cycle, effect of financial elements such as debt, dividend, profit, PE and risk throughout the stages of the ...