Cognitive Psychology College Essays Samples For Students

Introduction: An Overview

Cognition is a mental process used in acquiring knowledge, and how this knowledge is used. This encompasses features like judging, memory, sensation, and thinking. Hence, it shows how human beings get information, apply it in their daily living, and transform their lives accordingly. Cognition and the mind are closely interrelated since the mind processes information and how such information is used. Cognition can be classified into two types: conscious or unconscious; and natural or artificial (Lovett, 2013). Since time immemorial, it has been considered an abstract characteristic of living organisms and over the years been studied as a property of the ...

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Introduction

Psychology is the branch of science which deals with the study of the mind. It has a further sub-category of behaviorism which is the study of behavior. But the extent of Behaviorism Psychology had flaws. Scientists and researchers needed something more in-depth and advanced to study the internal mental states. Behaviorism only dealt with the external behavior that a person observed. This gave birth to Cognitive Psychology.
Cognitive Psychology better interlinks itself with linguistics, neuroscience and philosophy. The development of cognitive psychology circled back to the ...

Cognitive psychology is one of the important disciplines to human cognitive understanding. It is actually a science that focuses on investigating human mental abilities. These mental abilities include understanding, thinking, reasoning, perceiving, remembering, as well as learning. In most cases, cognitive psychology is compared to aspects of behaviorism. As a matter of fact, cognitive psychology focuses on them nature of human psyche that cannot be observed and uses the abstracts constructs in producing the observable behaviors. In defining cognitive psychology it is worth noting that the discipline is related to linguistics, neuroscience, and philosophy. The contemporary study of cognitive psychology rests ...

Introduction

The field of psychology as an area of study consists of distinctive branches, each of which looks into human experiences, behavior, and mental process from a different point of view. For instance, cognitive psychology focuses on the study of human’s internal processes, such as what goes on in their minds, what motivates them as well as how they perceive people around them. Accordingly, as people’s curiosity in the relationship of the human brain and the behavioral responses in a cognitive task increased, many empirical and theoretical studies were conducted. The study of cognitive psychology has had a ...

Introduction

The exploration of the cognitive processes is crucial for the existence of the humanity. Evidently, cognition is a specific process of the mind’s interaction with reality. This process implies the examination of the external environment with the help of the senses, the usage of memory and experience in the formation of the behavioral strategy, and processing of the incoming information. Needless to say, that cognition is central to the existence of each individual. The entire civilization is based with the help of the accumulation of information and experience and its further usage to create qualitatively new technical devices ...

Smith (2001) defines psychology as the study of the mind. One major subset within the broad study of psychology is popularly known as cognitive psychology. As highlighted by Aukrust (2011), cognitive psychology is a branch of psychology that deals with the study of mental processes that includes how people or individuals think, learn, perceive and remember. As a part of the larger cognitive science field, this psychology branch is by means related to other disciplines such as neuroscience, linguistics and philosophy. Processes included in cognition are judging, thinking, remembering, knowing and problem-solving.
Cognitive psychology began emerging in the 1950’s. ...

Cognitive psychology refers to the study of mind and related mental processes including memory, learning, thought, and perception. It is based on the idea that brain can be considered as the complex computing system. Cognitive psychology is not only based on working of the mind but also on the constitution of the mind that results in the formation of cognitive theory and related hypotheses. In this study, psychologists try to find the processing of mind in producing a behavior. This field of psychology is comparatively new as compared to other branches of psychology. However, its foundations can be extended back ...

Religion is one of the most valuable and indispensable aspect in human life. Globally, across countries with different cultures, religion has a diverse shape and identity. But digging deep into it, what is the science behind religion? What are the aspects of religion that makes it successful in shaping cultures, and even the entire history of mankind?
Scientists’ attempt to decipher the scientific factors that stage the success of religions gave birth to another school of thought called as The Cognitive Science of Religion. The cognitive science of religion is the field of science that aims to explain the ...

It can be stated without a doubt that language is tied to cognition and vice versa. Language is a key element of cognition. It helps us to organize our thoughts and ideas. Cognitive linguists study language as a thing that reflects fundamental features and designs in the mind of a person. So, we use language for encoding, decoding, and transmission of thoughts (Evans & Green, 2006). We can distinguish such processes that cognition includes – thinking, remembering, language understanding, reasoning, learning, etc. All of these processes cannot be accomplished without using a language (Patel, D., Patel, S., & Wang, Y., 2003).

Language and Lexicon

The ...

INTRODUCTION

Adequate comprehension of the composition of the mind is somewhat challenging from the literal perspective. Precisely, it is difficult to explain how the consciousness occurs from a scientific perspective due to the presence of the complexities of the human cognition. David Chalmers (1995) proposes that there are many “easy” problems of consciousness, but one genuinely “hard” problem, namely what philosophers call “qualia”, or phenomenal experience. He argues that the reductive physical, mechanical and functional explanations made by cognitive science are only adequate to explain the easy problems, and that the hard problem requires explanations different not just in difficulty, ...

Forensic Psychology Examples

Forensic psychology is known as a field that works with both law and psychology. In recent years, forensic psychology is said to have experienced a high growth since more students are becoming interested in this psychology branch. Sometimes, human beings get involved in criminal acts which are completely out of our own prediction. This has led to the rise of a special branch known as forensic psychology which helps the court and the world as well understand why humans behave the way he does at times and what triggers such kind of a behavior. In this paper we intend to look at this ...

People commonly get confused by these two terms: clinical psychology and psychiatry. While these two fields may have something in common, it is important that people know what type of professional they should seek help from whenever they have a psychological condition to deal with. Clinical psychology is a branch of psychology that deals with the scientific and clinical practice of psychology. For those who do not yet have a clear idea what psychology is, it is simply a branch of science concerned with the study of a human’s mind, how it functions and on a larger scale, how an individual’s mind affects ...

Major flaw of the schools of thought that predated cognitive psychology

The functionalists and the structuralists school of thoughts experienced a major flaw. Both schools of thoughts depended on the technique of introspection despite its weaknesses. Psychologists criticized the definition of “function” as it remained vague. Moreover, the functionalists and the structuralists hurled verbal attacks against one another, and this resulted in the end of both schools of thoughts. The school of thoughts might have made significant contributions to the field of psychology but failed to put into consideration a fundamental influence on thought and behavior (the unconscious state of the mind).

How does cognitive psychology improve on their approach to explaining how the mind works?

Cognitive Psychology uses psychological experiments with human beings ...

Assignment 2: The Major Areas of Psychology

Abstract:
Psychology is the study of human behavior and the mind. Unlike pseudoscience, it applies scientific method in comprehending the way of the world. There are five major areas in psychology. Developmental psychology focuses on the life span development of humans. Secondly, cognitive psychology focuses on the use of attention, memory, perception, and the capacity of the brain to think and solve problems. Thirdly, behavioral psychology refers to how humans behave, as a result of what they learn over their lifetime; it can be under classical conditioning, operant conditioning, or observational conditioning. Fourthly, social psychology refers to the behavior ...

Cognitive psychology is a somewhat new field of psychology, however, it is a fast growing one and is definitely, among the most interesting and fascinating branches. (Cherry, 2015) It studies human brain in terms of learning and perceiving information, as well, provides researches that are aimed at enhancing peoples abilities to learn.
As of now, human brain and the way it works have not been fully studied, the nature behind some processes remains a mystery. Therefore, it is not surprising that more people tend to fall for the science of psychology in order to discover new knowledge about our brain and ...

Memory covers three fundamental aspects through which information is processed. These aspects are; encoding, storage and retrieval (Gray 12). Memory, therefore, refers to the means by which various structures and processes are involved in the encoding, storage and retrieval of information. According to psychologists, memory can be classified under three principal categories; sensory memory, long term memory and short term memory.

Sensory Memory

In most instances, information is stored for a few seconds after it has been perceived. For example; it is possible to remember how an item looked like even after viewing it for just a millisecond. Sensory memory is involved in ...

Psychology is simply the study behaviours and the way peoples mind function. Psychology tries to understand the relationship that exists between mental activities, an individual’s behaviour and what motivates a person’s action to behave in a certain way (Westen, Kowalski and Burton 2006). There are several perspectives or rather; approaches to understanding psychology and in this essay two of them will be emphasized as they will try to explain reasons for people to have road rage. Road rage is a behaviour that is very common among people especially drivers and includes behaviour such as people making threats to other drivers ...

Psychology of Health and Illness

INTRODUCTION
This paper is dedicated to the study of most popular approaches in the social psychology and their application to a real-life situation. Approaches that will be considered are: biological, cognitive, behaviourist, humanistic and psychodynamic. The latter two will be used to analyse the situation. The term of psychology will be also described along with its relevance in the nursing practice. In particular, the ways in which psychological principles can be realised in practice will be shown.
Psychology is the science dedicated to the laws of the development and functioning of the psyche as a special form of life. ...

Introduction

People have always been fascinated about how language affects their thoughts or even the process of thinking. Considering this thought, is it then right to say that people from different language groups speak differently? This paper’s thesis statement argues that language simply serves as a medium of communication and is therefore only a means that can be used to interpret how unique and different people and groups of people are from each other.
The argument that suggests that language affects people’s thoughts is based on the idea that language is what determines how moral or crooked one ...

Introduction

Cognitive development in my view may be described simply as the process how an individual changes how they think. This change in how the person thinks may come in different perspectives, from how the person processes information, to how the person perceives other things in life and this change will always tend to increase as the person increases in age and experiences various things over time . This change or rather advancement, how I am able to understand, may be really dependent on my experiences, the knowledge that I have been able to learn in class and life in general. ...

Models of abnormality are frameworks that assist in explaining the behavioral, cognitive, biological and psychodynamics of individuals (Sue, Sue & Sue). Additionally, the models help to explain why illnesses occur and the treatments associated with these illnesses. Each model presents a different approach to resolving the psychological illness that an individual may be going through. For the purposes of this paper, the behavioral and cognitive models will be discussed, compared and contrasted.

Behavioral Model

The behavioral model in psychology is typically expressed as an alternative to the conventional medical frameworks that are used to explain individual behaviors. The therapies that are governed ...

1) listening to a lecture in class, taking notes, and reviewing the notes later you study for an exam;
When a person is listening to a lecture in class, all of the information is going to enter into our ears so that it can be registered into our sensory memory. Then we are going to write down this information so that the can be bought into our short-term memory. Once all of this is done, it is important that we use the information in the exam. Therefore, you need to review all of your notes and try to memorize ...

Prototype is the characteristic instance of any category, so the concept of it helps to explain the meanings of the word in terms of comparing the words with the closest examples. Prototype is the best representative of cognitive or linguistic category. The theory of prototypes developed in parallel in cognitive psychology, ethnolinguistics, semantics, cognitive anthropology, and philosophy. As well as many linguistic theories, which roots go back to psychological or philosophical teachings prototypical semantics owes intensive development and experimentation in the field of cognitive psychology, the result of which was the theory of prototypes and prototypical representations about the ...

Noam Chomsky changed dramatically not only the flow of the linguistic science, but also psychology and political science. He is considered to be one of the most prominent scholars of his generation, who revolutionized the modern perception of how we learn, think and talk. Being in a quite respectable age (87) Noam Chomsky leads active scientific and political life.

Background

Since his very childhood, Noam Chomsky was an extraordinary child. At the age of ten he wrote a scientific article on the dangers of fascism in Europe. As he tells in his interview his interest for language could be traced ...

Psychology refers to the scientific study of human and animal behavior. The word “psychology” derived from two Greek words psyche and logia. Psyche means breath, spirit and soul while logia means study of something. Medilexicon medical dictionary defines psychology as science and scholarly discipline concerned with the behavior of humans and animals, and related to physiological and mental processes. The complexity of the mind puts into question how psychologists study the mind and brain. Psychology, like other scientific disciplines experiments, to confirm or negate theories and expectations. The raw data for a psychologist is human or animal behavior. Psychologists ...

PSY/ 390

Through the years of psychology, many philosophies and theories have come forth to build better understandings of learning, thoughts, memories and much more. Psychology has further developed through various theories such as cognitive, developmental, behavioral, and many more. Although there are many theories to follow, the Gestalt theory, also known as the school of thought came about through three lifelong colleagues. Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, and Wolfgang Kohler were all interested in the study of perception while at the University of Frankfurt’s Psychological Institute. Wertheimer is best known for his contribution to the development of the underlying principles ...

Introduction

Developmental Psychology is a branch of psychology which studies how the human being changes over a life span (McLeod, 2012). It not just focuses on the physical development but also on social, emotional and personality development throughout the lifetime of a human being. The objective of this paper is to understand developmental psychology, its benefits and applications in life. This paper is divided into four sections. The first section includes the introduction, history and goals of developmental psychology. The second section discusses the benefits of developmental psychology. The third section talks about the application of developmental psychology in life. The fourth section concludes ...

Categorization remains a significant problem challenging cognitive psychologists. It is a process that involves the recognition, differentiation and comprehension of various objects and ideas. Categorization involves processes of generalization and discrimination. Whereas generalization recognizes features common to members within a conceptual category, discrimination highlights differences between the conceptual categories.
Evidence shows how categories help in the organization and acquisition of an overview information collected from a broad range of documents. Without categorization knowledge, representation through the use of semantic knowledge would be a difficult task. A person will be unable to retrieve all the information he/she has about an object or idea if ...

There are many theories that attempt to explain human behavior, each with a different and unique approach. From developmental and humanist theories, to behavioral and cognitive, psychological theories have allowed society to better understand human thought and behavior, as well as allowed mental health professionals a variety of approaches in which they can provide effective therapeutic interventions to assist clients in improving areas of their lives. Many psychological theories are comprised of a variety of related, but different theories, which lead to an expanded view of human behavior. The theorists that have contributed to the field of psychology have assisted in a allowing ...

Language and how it relates to cognition

Language entails passing of information and knowledge by use of sounds and vocabulary. Cognition on the other hand maybe used to refer to the same thing as thought, though the actual meaning is much deeper than just thought. Lexicon entails one’s vocabulary or their language. Though they are closely connected, language and cognition have distinct difference. Development of language may take place independent of cognition, though cognition has some influential aspect on the language development. Over time there have been some differences amongst scholars as to which between language and cognition is dependent to the other. Though there ...

Introduction

During a legal trial several evidences are presented to the jury in order to prove a case. One of the types of presenting evidences involves witnesses recalling from their memory of the event under trial. In legal terms, this is called eyewitness testimony.

Eyewitness Testimony as Evidence

Eyewitness testimony is a legal account given by witnesses of an event (McLeod, 2009).For example, a witness (or group of witnesses) may present the series of events in a crime based on what they have seen and heard. Details regarding the crime like the identification of perpetrators, the dialogue they heard, and setting of the crime are important facts retold ...

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Adult learning principles vary dramatically from pedagogic principles. The motivation for an adult to learn differs dramatically from that of a child. These differences were first highlighted by Malcolm Knowles who is also known as the father of adult learning. Adults’ learning motivation comes from an immediacy need directly linked to their everyday roles. An adult learner primarily looks at relevance in learning to improve on-job performance and behavior. The classic paradigm of pedagogic learning – learning by rote is not applicable in the case of adults. The predominant difference between and adult and a ...

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The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature written by Steven Pinker was published in 2002. It was the best-selling book of 2002 that argues about the adaptation of human behavior by evolutionary psychology. Pinker talks about the three inter-related doctrines challenged by the modern science. The three doctrines or dogmas comprise the leading examination of the human nature in scholarly life. First one is the blank slate that means that the mind does not have any inborn qualities and it is like a clean slate. Second one is the noble savage which means human is born good but ...

Descriptive observation methods are scientific methods which are of three main types; Observational , case study and survey methods. This method largely researches more on behavioral and observable features in a research. It is of little help to a cognitive psychologist because unlike behaviorism, cognitive studies majors more on the study of the mental process including how people think, learn and how they perceive ideas.
Reaction time ( RT) is the speed of response in human beings , to listen to instructions and make specific responses out of it. Reaction time and accuracy are vital in cognitive psychology since they are the variables ...

Fabricated Evidence and False Eyewitness Testimony

False representation and trickery are common things in today’s world and affect a number of things related to society, human being as well as behavior. One common question that arises in mind of people including psychologists is that whether fabricated evidence induces fake eyewitness evidence. This paper intends to discuss the issue of fabricated evidence and its effect on eyewitnesses. The paper further examines the views of some eminent scholars on the issue, published in reputed magazines.
The article that we are going to discuss in this paper is ‘Can fabricated evidence induce false eyewitness testimony?’ The article ...

Kant’s Philosophy Consciousness of Self and Mind

Despite the fact that Kant stood for the view that consciousness and mind was not part of his area of philosophy, his ideas would still be influential. According to Brook (2008), the ideas that Kant stood by are now part of the cognitive science.
It is argued that Kant’s perspective of mind and his idealism perspectives go hand-in-hand, a phenomenon that is labeled as transcendental idealism. Yet it has also been argued that some points that he held about the mind could be well separated from the idealism point of view. There are three notions that comprehensively define ...

Introduction to Learning Theories

The learning theories as proposed by psychologists fall into one of various perspectives or paradigms, namely behaviorism, cognitivism and constructivism. These are briefly explained below:

Behaviorism

The leading founders and advocates of this theory were John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner and Ivan Pavlov
The basic theme is stimulus-response. All human behaviors are as a result of external stimuli. Such behaviors can be elucidated without considering internal mental conditions or syndromes

The learners are considered as passive, however they respond to environmental stimulus

The behavior of the person may be due to reinforcement and there are increased chances that behavior would ...

Several psychological theories have evolved due to the desire of understanding more the behavior of humans. Not all were accepted but are still considered to belong to the history of psychology.
Behaviorism as a psychological theory was primarily used from 1920’s to 1950. Several psychologists support the behaviorism theory like Pavlov, Watson, Thorndike, Skinner, Hull and Bandura. In the behaviorism theory, it treats psychology as a science and is concern with the observable behavior of humans and animals. The behaviorist argues that these observable behaviors can be objectively measured while those of the cognitive couldn’t. The environment shapes ...

Introduction

Automation is the process of reducing human work by use of control systems and information technologies in order to effectively and efficiently produces goods and offer services in an acceptable manner. In essence, automation is seen a big step beyond mechanization if the industrialization aspect of view is considered. In mechanization there is the use of human operators in to run machines that assist in the realization of muscular requirements of work (Trevathan 69). With the proliferation of technology and with the rate of industrialization experienced in the world, mechanization plays an important role in the effective realization of organizational ...