The Islam religion had no divisions before the death of Prophet Muhammad in the year 632 A.D. It is believed that the Prophet Muhammad had prophesied that upon his death there would emerge more than 72 Muslim sects (Friedman 128) but only one of them would not go to hell (Mervin 11). The biggest cause of the split was the lack of and/or the failure by Prophet Muhammad to name his successor before his death.
Conventionally, his successor would have been his eldest son or a male relative. The problem was that all his three sons who were the ...
Esposito College Essays Samples For Students
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Religious Studies
The first mention of three core religions of the world is met in Myths of History. Later Campbell (2008) was one if those who represented a comprehensive research of the Hero emergence in Christianity, Judaism, and Islam stating that all religions had the same root. Christianity, Judaism, and Islam belong to Abrahamic religions that are monotheistic. Islam is the second largest religion after Christianity counting 1.3 billion of adherents while Christianity has 2 billion of followers (Esposito, Fasching, & Lewis, 2002).
That might suggest that three religions have many similarities analyzing the history of religious studies. A research of the ...
Impact of Modernity on Islamic Ethics
Modernity refers to the state of being present after a transition from traditional or original status to the current trends. It tends to emphasize on social relations with reference to rise of capitalism. Capitalism is a system in economy in which resources are privately owned and run for a gain. In Islam, ethics and Islam law are one and the same. So we cannot separate the two whenever an analysis is being made (Abdullah, 1987: pp.102). Muslims from time immemorial get the Islamic ethics from the Quran and Hadith. The Quran is a holy book which has several laws that the followers of ...
Introduction
Human sexuality refers to the capacity for one to have sexual feelings. It can be expressed in differently including same-sex relationships, heterosexual interactions and even relationships among different partners. The form of sexuality one follows is guided by their life teachings and influences by culture, global interaction, and religion. These factors determine how one would choose to live their life. Over time sexuality has changed especially in the past century. Freedom to express one’s sexuality has increased, and people are more willing to transform due to reduced fear of persecution and reproductive limitations. This paper will explore the ...
Ascendancy can be described as a process or event by which power shifts from one orientation to another. Usually the less dominant force assumes authority by overpowering the dominant force. The process is not usually a smooth one rather; it involves the power struggle among the involved parties with each having their own interest at heart. As such, it has widespread consequences that are both beneficial and costly for the society. From the surface view, it may be difficult to assess the impact of such an overhaul given the fact that most of the underlying factors are restricted to the objective ...
Taha Hussein's early life
Born on 14th November 4, 1889 (Hardwick and Stray, 2011), Taha Hussein rose to become one of them most outstanding figures of Arabic literature in Egypt and in the world over. He was born in Izbet el Kilo which was a small community village in AI-Minya in central Upper Egypt (Brugman, 1984; Goldschmidt, 2000; Russell, 2012). While his father was reportedly a civil servant (and a peasant farmer) in Egypt, very little is known about his mother and siblings as there is a paucity of literature on his early life that speaks about them. At a tender age, Taha Hussein contacted an eye infection ...
Comparing Eastern and Western Religions
Comparison of Western and Eastern religions is based on the analysis of similarities and differences of the following core aspect and concepts of religions, namely: meta-narratives; syncretism; definition of supernatural agents (gods, ancestors, spirits, and demons); concept of evil; the sacred (holy places, sacred times and initiates); Eastern and Western mentality and way thinking.
The very first evidence of similarities of all religions can be found in ancient texts. It is known that religious texts emerged from ancient works, namely Myths of Harmony (China), Myths of Liberation (India), and Myths of History (Islam, Christianity and Judaism). Despite of ...
Influence
Influence
There are scenarios in our life when you feel that you need to stand up for a cause. I experienced such an opportunity last year when I felt I needed to do everything to persuade my near and dear ones to maintain to avoid junk food. The age of the internet has clearly provided us with an opportunity to better understand how we need to avoid junk food and maintain a healthy diet. After due consideration of all the health benefits from avoiding junk food, it was easy to get my father on board to change is food ...
The emergence of digital currencies and their rapid expansion into international financial markets and the lives of common people has been nothing but a substantial shake-up for the global financial sector. These digital or virtual currencies, often known as cryptocurrencies, employ cryptography to secure and authenticate transactions, as well as to administer the creation of new units. Today, both youngsters and older people know the Bitcoin benefits and Ethereum features: they are decentralized and operate on a peer-to-peer network, giving users more independence and near-absolute anonymity.
In recent years, digital currencies have grown in popularity, and their use has spread beyond ...
The title of the original text is “Reading in a Foreign Language”. It is written by Scott Esposito and published as a column on his blog “Conversational Reading” on January 26th 2007. The subject of the article is the author’s experience about reading in foreign languages.
The main idea of the text is that a person can guess the meaning of the unfamiliar words from the context. People who are beginners in reading in a foreign language consult dictionaries, but it makes reading harder. As a person advances, they rely more on their common sense in order to ...
SLIDE 1: TITLE SLIDE
The presentation about Gun Control is especially relevant because it is one of the most controversial and highly charged issues in the United States. Also, it has become a Presidential election issue.
SLIDE 2: Hillary Clinton for the Democrats is pro-gun control. Donald Trump for Republicans is anti-gun control.
Democrat versus Republican Democrats in general are supportive of gun control policies and laws. Democrats are part of the lobby against carry-concealed weapons permits issued with few requirements to people who take guns into public locations and schools. Republicans are part of the pro-gun party and are against laws that ...
Q2.Mustafa Kemal’s on the abolition of a caliphate and Hassan Al-Banna’s text “towards the light text” on political life.
Mustafa Kemal and Hassan Al-Banna are two important figures in the history of the Arab world in terms of their influence to nationalism and the current state of their nations. To begin with, Mustafa Kemal was an author with a liberal mind that made his works and line of thought free from the influences of the situation at the time where people had limited line of thought owing to the forms of leadership and religion. While he did ...
How were Uranus's rings discovered?
William Herschel was the first observer to mention that Uranus has a ring system in 1789. It was only a speculation since the astronomers that time could not observe any rings around Uranus. The discovery of the Uranian ring system was observed almost 200 years later by James Elliot, Edward, Dunham, and Douglas Mink in 1977. The discovery of the ring system of Uranus was only an accident when they grabbed the opportunity to observe the atmosphere of the planet using the occultation of the star SAO 158687. In their observations, they found out that the star suddenly disappeared for five ...
All communication devices are divided into two large groups: verbal and nonverbal. It may seem that nonverbal means are not as important as verbal. In fact, it is not true. Although verbal communication is of central importance for the majority, it is incomplete without nonverbal devices. Even after developing language, people consciously or unconsciously use body movements. Eye contact, facial expressions, head movements, positioning of feet and legs, torso shifts, postures, tone of voice and even space between people during conversation are elements of body language. Professionals in the field of communication studies define these body movements as the ...
Shared Themes in Judeo/Christian and Islamic Beliefs
Shared Themes in Judeo/Christian and Islamic Beliefs
Judeo-Christianity and Islamic religions share various religious aspects of beliefs and moral values. Christianity is a religion that started and spread to the whole world. Jesus Christ is the genesis of Christianity while Islamic religion was founded by Prophet Mohammad. Their basic tenets grew from their shared creation stories. These religions are closely related in various ways. First, they share beliefs about the existence of God and that God controls their lives in many ways. (Qur’an 59:23-24). They also share moral values that concerns what is expected of human beings. This ...