Ganglion College Essays Samples For Students

Vestibular Projections

Vestibular projections in the central nervous system consist of vestibular end organs which communicate with the brain stem and the cerebellum via the vestibular branch of the eighth cranial nerve. These nerves are also connected to the auditory fibers. Thus damage caused to these structures can cause both vestibular and auditory disturbances. The vital function of the vestibular system is to coordinate head and eye movements. The ability of the eye to stay focused on an object even while the head is moving is brought about by the vestibular system.

Vestibular Cochlear Nerve

The vestibulo cochlear nerve or the auditory nerve is ...

Re-uptake involves the reabsorption of neurotransmitters by any of the neurotransmitter receptors or transporters. The transporters involved are usually of pre-synaptic neurons. Re-uptake occurs after the neurotransmitter has transmitted a neural impulse. Re-uptake is very crucial in order for the normal functioning of synapses to take place. This is because it allows the neurotransmitters to be recycled, thereby regulating their levels in the synapse. This in turn dictates the length of time it takes for a signal - generated by neurotransmitter release - to last. Neurotransmitters are usually large hydrophilic molecules that cannot pass through the neuronal membranes. For this reason, ...

Sound is the sensation that is produced when the longitudinal vibrations of molecules from the external environment hit the tympanic membrane. Such vibrations in the external environment are called sound waves. Sound waves are produced when vibrating molecules generate changes in pressure. The speed of sound waves in air is approximately 344m/s at 20 degrees at sea level. An increase in temperature and altitude increases the speed of sound. Other media conduct sound at different speeds. For instance, in fresh water, sound travels at a speed of 1450m/s. Sound can be referred in a perceptual response and a physical stimulus. Sound reaches ...