Gesture College Essays Samples For Students

Introduction

The use of kinesics in communication is called body language. Its usage may be deliberate or involuntary. The researcher went on field trip to observe the usage of these non-verbal cues by individuals in a social setting, classify them and determine their effectiveness. The researcher chose a local restaurant and sat in strategic corner near the entrance where most of the clients in the café were visible. After observing the patrons’ body language without necessarily hearing what they were conversing about, the researcher realized that it was possible to deduce the type of relationship existing between the conversing persons. It is ...

1.
I fully agree with the assertion that art should be studied because of its importance to the culture and unique identity of a people. While some may dismiss art critique and appreciation as hobbies, or 'useless,' because it does not make as much money as banking, law or medicine, it is absolutely vital to determining exactly why we exist. We do not exist to make money; that is the means to an end. What we do with our existence and our creativity is what is important; the results of those efforts constitutes art. In order to enrich ...

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Simon hired the boy band No Direction to appear on the last episode of the show “You’re hired” with an agreement of £250,000 paid to each band members. The objective is to ensure the highest possible viewership and publicity, which in return will give the show a worldwide advertising revenue. Apparently, one of the members Payn is not very happy and as a goodwill gesture, he was offered a whole week of vacation with his fiance at Maldives. Unfortunately, Payn delivered a poor performance, which resulted to negative feedbacks from the press. Consequently, ...

Carpe diem is a latin aphorism that means seize the day. That means to take advantage of an opportunity to do something that you want without worrying about the future. The phrase is significant in “A&P” by John Updike whereby Sammy is expected to seize the day in some occasions. Sammy is the main character in A&P a short story by John Updike. The story focuses on a single day in the life of the nineteen year old Sammy, who is a grocery store clerk. Sammy is distracted by the entry of three ladies dressed in nothing but swimsuits and he is filled ...

Communication between people takes place every time and everywhere. Language is extremely powerful tool which helps people to understand each other's needs, wishes, expectations, convey meaningful messages and just reach a desired consensus. However, it often occurs that the way people speak, how they behave during a conversation, is much more important than what they actually say. The function of our facial expressions is “to convey delicate shades of emotion and intention” (Burling, 2015), as it is much easier than to do with a language. Likewise, observing people speaking or reacting to the co-speaker, not even hearing the words, ...

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Embodied cognition incorporates that the human cognition is comprised and shaped by various aspects of the body, which eventually indicates that it exceeds from the dependency on brain. In this manner, cognition is observed to be dependent on the experiences that an individual receives from numerous sensorimotor capabilities of the body. These capabilities are considered to be highly integrated in accordance with the psychological, biological and cultural setting of an individual (Wilson & Foglia 2011). Embodied cognition also accounts for the feedback mechanism that takes place between an individual and the world and hence, the prevalence of action ...

Introduction

The English legal system is based on elements of the Christian Bible and its tradition. This comes with some moral concepts like lying about other persons and spreading false information. Defamation is made up of libel and slander. Whereas libel is a false and damaging comment written down, slander refers to such a statement spoken orally. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a critical analysis of the concept of defamation and how it relates to media law.

Basically, every human being has a right to a reputation. Reputation is a kind of personal right that embodies a ...

Brand name and identification

Prol Grill
The name Prol emerges from the sale of burgers to university students at the campus during lunch time. The name simply means professionals in London. The burgers sold to university students were nicknamed 'meant for professionals' burgers.' From the deep passion for selling burgers during lunchtime for students, the founder members decided to have a joint for working professionals in central London. Prol simply means professionals in London.
Prol Grill is Located in central London Diamond building's ground floor suite number 10. The location of the Grill provides for easy access by our patrons. The restaurant in ...

A very important issue in inter-cultural communication is the varied difference in the gestures and practices across cultures of the world. For Americans it is quite troublesome that the peace sign is actually taken as showing the finger in nations like United Kingdom, South Africa and Australia. Actually, the palm needs to face outwards so that an individual is not mistaken in this context.

In the United States of America, thumbs up is taken as a common positive gesture, while in Iran the gesture as the worst possible insult and hence it needs to ...

Сulture of Saudi Arabia and native Canadian

The society is very multifunctional (labor, politics, economics, ethics, aesthetics, law, family, religion, etc.). Each of the spheres of society corresponds to a certain level achieved by the culture as a qualitative characteristic of his life. Culture plays an important role in the life of man and society, which consists primarily in the fact that culture is a means of accumulation, storage and transmission of human experience. Culture brings people together, integrates them, ensures the integrity of the community. Culture concentrates the best social experience of many generations, acquires the ability to accumulate wealth of knowledge about the world and thus to ...

Introduction

Romance is the intimate expression of emotional attraction and affection that usually associated with love through gestures, words or a heartfelt communication. The origin of love and romance is murky. However, the Greeks are known to have described the different kinds of love. The word eros was used to imply carnal love while agape was used to describe spiritual love. Romance has its roots in medieval chivalry, which pervades many of today’s courting rituals such as opening the door, pulling the chair or buying dinner for a woman. Today, romantic gestures are best seen in the context of courtship and ...

The differences in gestures and practices across cultures of the world are a major issue in inter-cultural communication.

Quite troublesome for Americans is the fact that the peace sign is actually taken as showing the finger in countries like United Kingdom, South Africa and Australia. To be exact, the palm should face outwards so that a person is not mistaken in this regard.
While in India and Albania the people use nodding their heads up-down and right-left as signs for “yes” and “no” respectively, in Bulgaria, the gesture is quite different in comparison. In Bulgaria, shaking one’s head left to right means “yes”, while up and down means a “no”.
In America and many other places, a ...

Ismael Ferroukhi gives us a tale of Reda (Nicolas Cazale) a young man from France who must chauffeur his Muslim Father on a pilgrimage journey. This was just before a few weeks to Reda's college exam. The relationship between Reda and his father is based on the clash of cultures and faith. As they embark on their pilgrimage journey to Mecca, a clear difference between the two in terms of commitment to Islam is seen. Reda portrays pensive sadness in their journey and he has nothing in common with his father. He reluctantly agreed to take the pilgrimage journey ...

Should Jim shot the Indians?

The decisions that are about to be made in the most critical situations are the hardest ones. Quite often they question the sense of morality and the way people perceive this world. The essay “Jim and Indians” is an example of an ethic dilemma, in which a traveler that had become a victim of circumstances should make a hard choice, involving murders . These murders are all potential, as well as the people who will be in charge of them. It could be Jim himself or the military men that keep the control over the village. In the first case, ...

Exhibiting partial bias is a trait that today’s society sees so little of, but this should not be the case. Partial bias is something that families should learn to emulate as this is a stepping stone that can not only help the less fortunate in the society today but also mould the children of today into better human beings that will shape tomorrow. Partial bias is something that shows love and acceptance not only by the parents but also their children and the needy, who benefit from the gesture presented to them. The relevance of this philosophy in ...

In this paperwork, I am going to discuss the rituals practiced by religions of the East: India, Japan, as well as China.
A ritual consists of a series of actions involving expressions, objects, and gestures. Rituals are performed according to a set of progression and in appropriate place. In most cases, rituals are prearranged by the traditions of a society, as well as a religious society. Rituals play a very influential task in the behavior of any fastidious religion; for example, in the life of Indian people pursing Hindu religion, rituals play domineering task in determining their lives in ...

Introduction

The essay chooses works of art in the Museum’s collection belonging to different periods. These include ancient as well as modern examples of art and architecture from different geographical locations.

Art from 200 to 1000 - 6th–7th century

Camel with Packboards and Baggage
The Bactrian camel is about 11 inches in height and is exhibited in the Metropolitan Museum. Made of Earthenware with pigment, the camel carries the right proportions and has been carefully modeled. It is captured in a movement and as it is about to take the next step. Except for the packboard, there is no other object or ornament on the camel. The ...

David Fincher’s 1999 film adaptation of the Chuck Palahniuk novel Fight Club provides a uniquely slick, stylish filmic presentation of the book’s gritty, darkly comic sensibilities. Tracking the life of a disillusioned, emasculated, narrator (known only as Jack in the film, played by Edward Norton) and his newfound rebellion against the existential crises of modern American life with the help of charismatic lowlife Tyler Durden (Brad Pitt), Fight Club explores both the immense appeal of rebelling against the hegemonic systems set up for men in late capitalist society and the unique beauty and eroticism of masculinity. Director ...

The European Debt Crisis has been one of the most adverse economic tragedies for the world since the end of 2009. The impact of the crisis is still evident in the world economy characterized with ongoing strategic complications and uncertainty. As the problem directly or indirectly has affected the world community as a whole, it is important to explore the reasons and consequences of the crisis from a monetary economic perspective. The paper will also identify the interdependence of fiscal and monetary policy with regard to the crisis.
The debt problem could be attributed to so many complicated factors ...

Introduction

The film, City of God, provides a broad perspective over which a number of issues can be drawn. A story is told of a generation of children trying to survive in one of the biggest slums in Rio de Janeiro in the sixties and the seventies. Fernando Meirelles and Katia Lund direct the movie the city of God. The main character in the movie is Li’IZe. At a tender age, Li’IZe who is the main character in the movie had wanted to become a leader in the City of God. Through Li’IZe’s aggressive and ambitious nature, he becomes ...

A nation’s culture resides in the hearts and souls of its people,” said Mahatma Gandhi. It is the culture of a people that gives them a sense of belonging, identity and pride of who they are. Culture is an integral part of a people and cannot be separated from them. Being passed from one generation to another, culture is indelible in the hearts and souls of its perpetrators. The centrality of culture has a number of effects in shaping the opinion, style and character of a people. It is to this effect that various groups of people have their own way of ...

Introduction

Change is an inevitable phenomenon in the organization. When initiatives for change run aground, business executives face resistance to change among its employees. Change agents can easily point their fingers at the people who never wanted to be the part of the change. However, blaming in the change phenomenon is not only pointless; it can also pave the way to destructive managerial behaviors. If the perception of managers for the resistance is threat, they can become defensive, competitive, or uncommunicative. The need is to find out the missing pieces and defective assumptions. Although resistance can be self-serving or unreasonable, ...

One has to comprehend the fact that cultural traditions and customs vary from one country to another as the communities and cultural roots of two different geographical lands are mostly different from one another. Thus, it is a very interesting quest to gauge the differences as well as similarities in the customs and traditions of different nations or communities. In the age of globalization and cultural communication, comprehension of such etiquettes and traditions becomes all the more necessary. One can take into perspective the customs and traditions that are prevalent in countries like India and Japan.
The Indians are ...

Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to show how though the U.S. version of “The Office” is a comedy; it also has many elements of romance. Thesis: “The Office” is a romantic show.

Introduction

- Adapted for the U.S. in 2005, “The Office” is typically thought of as a comedy.
- For nine seasons, the show brought laughter to the homes of millions.
- With the humorous styling of comedians such as Ed Helms and Steve Carell, not many would believe that the show is interwoven with many elements of romance.

Thesis Statement: “The Office” is a romantic show.

Transition: To begin with
Body
- In ...

Scott McCloud book, Understanding comics: The Invisible Art uses symbols and concepts like human reflection. Often, artists recognize these concepts, blend this creation of symbols, simple or distinct, to invoke different feelings and reactions within the readers and to deliver certain messages and emotion to the audience. McCloud makes the reader an active partaker within the comics and to create own realism based on own visions and ideas. Arguably, when taking the images, symbols, icons, and drawings and putting them in a picture, language and reality, differentiating them from abstract, the realism, and considering all icons/images that fall between, one ...

Aphrodite of Knidos: Critical and Theoretical Interpretation

The Aphrodite of Knidos was a great historical work that has proven to be of high socio-political relevance. The work presents a sculpture of a nude woman; however, it is interesting to learn the rich message communicated by this simple work. The Aphrodite of Knidos marked a clear change from the perspective and assumptions conservatively promoted in relation to Kore of the archaic period. The work pioneered the idea of including sensual female sculptures in Art. From a critical viewpoint, this can be viewed as a breakthrough for the women. This classical Greek artwork can be viewed as portrayal of real and ideal situation that ...

‘Instructor’s Name’

‘Subject’
Short stories about love
Alienation and initiation are two important themes in cotemporary short fiction. Literature exists through experience, and, more often than not, the protagonist of the story represents the society we live in and the experiences of every man. Particularly, in modern fiction, the adolescent hero and his struggles to embrace adulthood has been a major theme. Most stories having an adolescent protagonist portray the coming of age or the initiation of the young hero. This essay is an attempt to compare the portrayal of the experience of initiation of two such protagonists, from the ...

Orson Welles’ seminal film Citizen Kane is widely considered to be one of the greatest films of all time, and for good reason – Welles’ uniquely Expressionistic and evocative cinematography, as well as editing and mise-en-scene, elevates an already stellar cast and incredible script to a deeply-felt character study of a man seeking immortality. One of the most intriguing sequences in the film is the scene wherein Charles Foster Kane (Welles) is inspired to create the Declaration of Principles for his newspaper; its simple, elegant yet effective visual style is indicative of the film’s look as a whole. In keeping the vast ...

In O’Connor’s “A Good Man is hard to find” and Lawrence’s “The Rocking Horse Winner,” both writers look at the destructive nature of the family. Although the setting and conflict is different in both stories, the writers choose to show that all families have disagreements with each other. These disagreements often lead to negative reactions to the members of the family. In “The Rocking Horse Winner,” the story centers on a young boy’s need to experience a positive relationship with his mother. He tries to win her love, but fails in his attempts. Similarly, the grandmother in “ ...

Q.1 What are some of the particular practices that Westerners need to be aware of when dealing with Japanese business people? The practices to comment on include the following:

A Japanese manager's approach when dealing with groups or teams

How Japanese social customs may be different than those in the United States
When it comes to carrying out business with companies based overseas, it is essential to understand and be fully aware of the potential differences in terms of both culture and business practices. As it is well known, there are huge cultural differences between Easterners and Westerners. And when it comes to culture, the Japanese are considered ...

There are different types of nonverbal communication techniques and processes used in daily communication. These include and not limited to the following; first, there is the facial expressions that form the highest proportion of nonverbal communication. Secondly is the use of gestures; involving the use of signs without words. Thirdly are the posture and the movement of the body. Fourth include the appearance, such as the color of clothes, hairstyles, etc. and lastly the use of haptic i.e. touching.

Cultural differences in nonverbal communication

Nonverbal communication differs significantly from one culture to another. These differences are entrenched in the basic usages and interpretation of ...

Pablo Picasso is the traditional depiction of the mistress looking into the mirror. The X-ray reveals that Picasso originally portrays the body of a young woman with curved hips and her back facing the viewer. The high-quality printing gives this fine art a vivid and sharp appearance. This artwork uses a medium of cover stock to produce the coat with a silken finish to protect the ink and create an elegant look. This versatile art strikes a balance between value and quality. The cubism style of artwork is an important contribution in the development of art in the modern culture in this century. Picasso ...

English

Introduction
Human interest stories like ‘Thank you Ma’am by Langston Hughes have caught readers unawares as they unfolded their plot gradually. The author catches the reader unawares when he places the simplicity of the situation before the audience leaving them to judge for them. The gravity of the boy’s gesture and what could be the fate of an act like his is criminal to say the least.
The marked conflict is apparent between the behavior of the boy and the reciprocal behavior of the lady. The boy is a destitute fending for himself through sporadic thefts ...

The military is an organization usually authorized by its greater society to use lethal force in defending its nation state by fighting perceived or actual threats. Throughout the history of military services, there have been many established traditions that illustrate a high level of discipline and courtesy. Custom is described as a way of acting in a manner that has been continued constantly for a long period of time and the act has come to be accepted by the larger society as the norm. Courtesy on the other hand refers to a way of displaying good manners and politeness when interacting with other people. Discipline entails the training that soldiers undergo to develop character, self control and efficiency. The subjection to exerted control is usually for the good of the military unit. Military courtesy is one of the features among many other features that define a professional military force (Bailey, 28). The concept of military courtesy entails several forms that constitute a strict and in other cases an elaborate code of conduct. Examples of military courtesies include proper forms of address, the salute, proper wear of military headgear, related concepts of standing at attention and rules of behavior in various ceremonies.

Military courtesy has over the years been known to convey respect both down and up the chain of command. The most commonly recognized form of courtesy and custom is the military salute. This has been recognized as an exchange of greetings ever since the age of good manners. During this time in history, the knights were mounted with steel armor that completely covered their body. When two friendly knights met, it was custom for one to raise his visor and expose their face to another. Since the left hand was used to hold the reins, the salute gesture was always done with the right hand. Furthermore, since the right hand was also used as the sword hand, the salute gesture involved removing the right hand from the vicinity of the weapon hence creating a friendlier environment and act of confidence (Bailey, 32). In as much as the age of the steel body armor is long gone, the raising of the right hand is recognized as the proper form of greetings between soldiers. The military salute is usually presented in a manner of pride when recognizing a fellow military comrade in the honorable profession of artillery. Another historical account of the development of the salute greeting is that it begun in the late Roman times when assassinations were the order of the day. Therefore, any civilian who desired to see a public official had to approach while raising his right hand in order to indicate that he did not hold any weapon. In the contemporary society, it is established that soldiers should salute all civilians entitled by the custom to the salute, the national flag, and commissioned officers using a proper manner of saluting.

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Military courtesies and customs have proven essential in providing guidelines for all actions in which all military members are expected to follow. In practicing courteous communication for example, a military soldier addressing a higher ranking officer is usually expected to use the word ma’am or sir in a similar manner as any polite civilian would do when addressing someone they wish to show respect. The difference between the two however, is that the matter of who gets to say sir or madam is clearly defined in the military service as opposed to the civilian life whereby it becomes a matter of discretion. Still on the aspect of courteous communication, the military insists on clear communication and alignment. The language used by the soldiers such as “mission”, “tactics” and “vision” is important in reinforcing their mindset hence influence how they think. Their actions whatsoever are therefore directed towards achievement of certain outcomes. The military units are also known to create high performing teams that define the team’s goals, the member’s responsibilities and roles and their action plans (Snider et al, 41-15). This empowers the soldiers to be part of high performing team in their organizational setting. In as much as we may all desire leadership positions, successful outcomes are best realized when people are part of a team and are willing to be good followers. The military is also known for the strength of training the soldiers to evaluate a dynamic environment and make a move in the face of uncertainty. The military achieves this by having a clear vision accompanied by specific missions that enable the soldiers act in alignment with the organizational objectives. To further ensure that organization activities continue running such as in a combat system, the military ensures that junior officers are trained to assume the roles of their superior at the moment of notification. Last but not least, courteous communication entails asking for help when need be in order to get a certain job done to perfection. In a military unit, one maybe leading an efficient team but still requires resources from another division which triggers the need to ask for help.

It is important to note that military courtesy is not only accorded to senior officials but also to subordinates hence reinforcing the aspect of functioning as a unit. This concept is extremely important in achieving organizational success thus making the military an outstanding organization that can be emulated by other paramilitary organizations seeking to achieve success. Military courtesy is important since it is an expression of consideration for other soldiers. It promotes good relationship within the military unit (Snider et al, 38). It is through courteous greetings and communication that closer coordination and teamwork among the members of the military is realized. Military courtesy is also of vital importance in promoting and developing a proper spirit of togetherness among soldiers. It is intended to reinforce the chain of command and discipline hence defines how soldiers treat their superiors and how the superiors treat their juniors.

Military courtesy reflects self discipline and shows respect. Since the military operates as a unit, consistent and proper military courtesy is a clear indicator of unit discipline. Simple courtesy is an important indicator of an individual’s bearing, manners and discipline. Several psychological researches indicate that most people respond positively to genuine courtesy and politeness. The spirit of togetherness is important in exploring different avenues that would bring about the realization of organizational goals. It is no wonder when the military set out to combat perceived or actual threat they always come out successful and ensure the safety of the majority of the civilians. The same applies to soldiers whereby courteous greeting restate pride in the unit and make obvious the professionalism and discipline of a unit’s soldiers. It can be concluded that military courtesy is an extension and formalization of courtesies that characterize mankind’s culture in everyday life.

Work cited

Bailey, Theodore L. Military Courtesy. New York: Review Publishing Co, 1919. Print.
Snider, Don M, Don M. Snider, John A. Nagl, and Tony Pfaff. Army Professionalism, the Military Ethic, and Officer ship in the 21st Century. Carlisle Barracks, Pa.: Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 1999. Print.

Several weeks ago my Site Supervisor received a phone call from a customer, who complained about the way how I handled one of his calls during the shift. The Supervisor left a message to my Shift Leader, who had a conversation with me after that.
My Shift Leader asked me to explain what exactly happened between me and the customer during the call. So I started explaining him the whole situation from my own perception. However, before I finished explaining, the Leader blew up with quite severe emotions. As a result of the Leader’s reaction I had to take a defensive position in ...

Lying is a complicated dimension of one’s personality, a human nature characterized by a habitual form of behavior. Many people would say that lying is morally wrong because it destroys a person’s dignity and integrity. Lying represents fear of what others may think and fear of facing the reality which grows stronger for every lie that a person tells.

As one lie leads to another, people are deceiving themselves by making excuses for their lies. While society has regarded lying as an ethical misdemeanor, there are cases when lying instinctively becomes the only perfect option. Why do people lie? People lie for a number of reasons such as to avoid dispute, to safeguard themselves from harm, rejection or loss as well as to protect one’s privacy and credibility. Some people lie for the benefit of their own interest and some may lie for a justifiable reason or cause or when one is unable to deal with the repercussions of telling the truth.

How People Lie

Everybody lies and even people who value honesty can’t get away with lying. Our standard of living creates circumstances that allows us to make lying necessary to be able to cope up socially where a culture of hiding the truth and declaring false social desires existed (Karpman 1949)

Oscar Wilde, in his essay on “The Decay of Lying”, regarded lying as an art or an expression of fantasized power where the liar’s goal is to charm and delight. People use various types of lying which usually begins right from childhood. Children lie to their parents to avoid punishment, to get out of trouble or to get attention and sometimes with no apparent reason. To acknowledge respect and kindness, people are sometimes required to hide the naked truth like telling a friend that she looks good on her little black dress when she actually look like a pumpkin just to avoid hurting her feelings. There are instances when people need to lie for the benefit of others or for the purpose of helping them such as doctors lie to their dying patients to comfort and lift up their spirits and lying to a criminal about the whereabouts of the victim seems a justifiable response. Some would lie to impress or gain other’s respect, such as a nursing aide tells friends that she’s a surgical nurse. Telling the truth can sometimes lead people to rejection, ridicule or punishment. On the other hand, concealing information to protect one’s interest is a harmful lie such as Patty telling her friend Beth that she saw Beth’s ex-boyfriend at the party last night but didn’t reveal that she spent the night with him leaving Beth at a disadvantage. These little white lies are generally acceptable in most cases but when it becomes frequent as a strategy of getting through life, it can be very destructive to one’s personality. Innocent or harmless lying is favorable because it caters some personal needs or interest without inflicting any harm to anyone and can even benefit another person but should not be used as a social stimulant because habitual use of it may lead to evil schemes (Karpman 1949). Bold-faced or malicious lies relates to obtaining some personal benefits at the expense of another which ruins the credibility and character of a person. The Clinton Adultery scandal in 1998 was one of the most controversial issues in American politics maneuvered by political opponents in which such malicious allegations were destructive to the Clinton Administration. These lies are either minor or to the extent of putting another person’s life in danger and should not be rationalized because it harms the safety and character of a person (Karpman 1949). There are instances when lying is morally permissible such as when government officials have to resort to lying in order to protect their personal privacy, credibility and public trust. Lying to protect one’s privacy is not generally acceptable in view of the ethics of truth, however, it is not morally wrong even if the liar is a high-ranking public official and any credible justification of lying is eligible (Allen 1999). Protecting one’s privacy is a complicated issue due to various characteristic aspects of privacy such as physical, informational, decisional and proprietary in which a person may lie to obtain them. A high-ranking official who is allegedly engaged in adultery may lie to hide his affair, to maintain his independence on sex and romance and to preserve his reputation and diplomatic interests. However, justification of lying no matter how credible is still morally unethical. Western moral ethics generally promote honesty over untruthfulness where moralists and religious denominations have expressed their ideals on the ethics of lying (Allen 1999). Immanuel Kant, the German philosopher, supports the principles of speaking the truth regardless of the consequences believing that a lie would eventually constitute an adverse outcome. Though lying is sometimes reasonable, modern philosophers conclude that we should strive to adhere to the moral principle of honesty in dealing with our friends, families, fellow citizens as well as in our public and private lives. Above all, we should be honest with ourselves. Lying is instinctively widespread for the simple reason that it works but not all the time. Lying sometimes fail due to outright discovery, self confession and detection through facial and bodily expressions

How to Detect Lies

Detecting lies can be a tough job even to the most experienced police officers, judges and other forensic professionals. Polygraph tests or lie detectors which are based on detecting nervous system activities are regarded as unreliable. In addressing this issue, psychologists have developed new methods in detecting lies through facial expression and body language analysis. The standard basis for detecting lies is commonly signs of nervousness, stress, anxiety, tension and discomfort. Research reveals that facial expressions and bodily gestures that indicate stress and tension are associated with lying (Adelson 2004). However, people feel tensed and stressed for various reasons, therefore, these emotions should not always be the basis for detecting lies. Precise and proper knowledge of body language is a vital factor, however, our analysis of them is mostly based on instinct which is usually wrong due to their beliefs and the truth behind them (Morgan 2002). The following are the basic body language gestures that were associated with lying:

Avoiding eye contact

When a person is lying, he or she cannot look straight in the eye. Shifty eyes sometimes indicate nervousness which can be caused by various reasons other than lying. Eye contact that lasts for a few seconds is normal but longer than that can cause nervousness and may indicate flirtatious behavior.

Hand gestures

Unnatural excessive gestures are subconscious signs of lying. Touching their face, throat or chin could mean someone is thinking or concentrating. Studies reveal that stroking the chin while thinking is an intellectual gesture while a deliberate waving of hands could mean searching for words. Hiding or putting the hands back behind where others are unable to see what the hands are doing could trigger suspicion. However, there is a belief that putting hands behind the back is a power gesture, thus, it should not be the basis for concluding lies.

Shaking, sweating and lips licking

These gestures are considered symptoms of lies but may sometimes indicate nervousness or fear that could show lack of self-assurance.
High Pitched Voice
Liars are more likely to raise their voices. However, a rising voice also indicates anger, excitement, nervousness or hysteria caused by various reasons.

Speech errors and pauses

Frequent or too long pauses and speech errors such as “aaah” or repetitions such as “I,I, fo-forgot” can arouse suspicion but all these can also occur when a person is not expecting a particular question.

Fake Smiles

When someone is lying, putting on a genuine smile is a struggle especially when the smile does not reflect on the eyes. However, people smile for a number of reasons regardless of the kind of smiles they project.
A combination of verbal and body language can indicate signs of lying but all of the above gestures can also occur in other circumstances, therefore, it is difficult to prove that a lie is being manifested. Appearances are sometimes deceiving due to mixed evidence (Adelson 2004).
Liars are usually not very good in concealing their feelings because emotions will regularly surface yet people are not very good in reading and analyzing them. Body language provides essential clues but is usually unreliable (Morgan 2002). In many ways, it is still essential to learn the standard art of body language and take advantage of their uses whenever necessary and however unreliable they may seem to be.

References:

Adelson, R., (July, 2004). Detecting Deception. American Psychological Association. 35(7), 70. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/monitor/julaug04/detecting.aspx
Allen, A., (1999). Lying to Protect Privacy. Villanova Law Review. 161(44). Retrieved from https://www.law.upenn.edu/cf/faculty/aallen/workingpapers/Lyingtoprotectprivacy.pdf
Karpman, B. (1949}. Lying: A Minor Inquiry Into the Ethics of Neurotic and Psychopathic Behavior. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. 40(12), 135-145. Retrieved from http://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3670&context;=jclc
Morgan, N., (September 30, 2002). The Truth Behind the Smile and Other Myths - When Body Language Lies. Harvard Management Communication Letter. 5(8). Retrieved from http://hbswk.hbs.edu/archive/3123.html

Although symbolic interactionism offers an adequate understanding of social interaction, its failure to investigate common sense reasoning' is a serious omission
Social interactions in society are made possible because of different symbols that are universally acceptable. It is this reason that makes it possible to use common sense to attach a given symbol to a specific meaning. It is easy to associate the nodding of the head with a positive answer or ‘yes’ as an answer to acceptance (Turner 2006: 211). Symbolic interaction therefore means a lot in regard to communication and interaction
Symbolic interactionism theory focuses mainly on the patterns that ...

Introduction

Soft skills are such skills in a person that can win others’ heart and mind emotionally and psychologically. It personifies a person’s abilities, qualities, habits and dealings which lead to his personality development and conceptual approach. There is a very common saying that common sense is not that common. Soft skills are exhibited by a person’s EQ level that is Emotional Intelligence Quotient which is embedded in his personal dealing, conflict resolving, friendliness etc. While it leads to hard skills which are related to person’s IQ level that is Intelligence Quotient, it becomes an integral part of mind by exercising ...

Introduction

China is one of the most developed countries in the Far East. It’s fast and dynamic technology has led to development in the country. As a result of the emergence of many industries and competition prevailing in china, many factors need to be put into consideration when establishing a business in China. In addition, cultural values form the foundation of a great success in any business venture. Maintaining a good relationship with the Chinese people is crucial for the success of a business. However, the ethical values of organizations are greatly influenced by the top management cadre.

China Corporate Culture: Factors and Elements

Chinese usually dislike foreign dependency simply ...

The short story “A & P by John Updike took place in 1961 in a grocery store in New England. The location and situation in the story is very commonplace as it’s a simple grocery store, with a naïve grocery cashier called Sammy, who gets attracted towards beautiful girls who walk inside the store to buy something. Ironically, the romantic desire and sexual attraction of the protagonist in the story brings his downfall as he impulsively resigns from his job, but feels triumphant too at the same time for standing up in favor of the girls against the store manager.
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According to Allwood (1985, pp.3), “Intercultural communication can be defined as the sharing of information on different levels of awareness and control between people with different cultural backgrounds.”Communication is the act of passing information, thoughts or messages from the source to the receiver (Armstrong, 2007,pp. 34).For effective communication to take place there should be a common medium of exchange, all human beings are naturally attached to a group this group can be cultural, economic or of any other social affiliation. The family is the first social group of association; this therefore,implies that the belief system of the ...

In Margaret Atwood's post-apocalyptic novel The Year of the Flood, Ren, a member of the cult God's Gardeners, begins to gradually fall for a man named Jimmy; once she realizes this, and understands the love of her friend Lucerne for a man named Zeb, she has the following revelation:
"I could see how you could do extreme things for the person you loved. Adam One said that when you loved a person, that love might not always get returned the way you wanted, but it was a good thing anyway because love went out all around you like an energy wave, and a creature ...

Communication plays crucial role in life of each person. In order to communicate better, it is essential to acquire habits of nonverbal communication. A lot of people underestimate value on nonverbal communication. However, it is wrong and it should be understood that nonverbal communication holds the same position as verbal communication. Moreover, skills of nonverbal communication are acquired by people earlier than skills of verbal communication. From the early years children learn how to express their needs with gestures. Apart from this, nonverbal communication makes our speech lively and allows to express our feelings more clearly.

It is rather ...

Part I

Communication:
The nurse did not use a polite tone as she was communicating to her patient.
The nurse used a hostile tone and it appears that she was yelling at the patient.
The nurse made the patient feel frightened and inhibited.
Rationale:
The patient will feel threatened and may become uncooperative if the patient if an impolite, hostile tone is used.
Treatment goals may be impaired if the patient feels frightened or intimidated.

Appropriate Action

The nurse should always act professionally

Cultural Competence
The nurse failed to greet everyone in the room
The nurse failed ...

Gilgamesh

As the world’s earliest known “hero tale,” the Epic of Gilgamesh established the literary tradition of the hero that today pervades our cultural perspective and self-image. This socio-cultural construct is present in folklore, books, movies and even in high-tech media, such as video games and computer programs. In recent years, the 9/11 attacks and the conflicts that followed in its wake have produced a modern hero image that we have come to idealize, a crusader who ignores grave danger to protect the vulnerable and innocent. Gilgamesh is the epitome of this brave protector who, through courage, persistence and physical strength ...