Individual Rights College Essays Samples For Students

Introduction to Criminal Justice

Question one: Explain why individual rights and public order perspectives are such contentious issues in contemporary American Society

Individual rights refer to personal or individual freedoms that are accorded to human beings and are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights. Some of the individual rights enshrined in the law include the right to petition, right to bear arms, right to vote, among others. An individual rights perspective calls for the protection of personal freedoms without any abridgement in the criminal justice system. On the other hand, when viewed from a public order perspective, it is suggested that individual rights or personal freedoms can be overridden when public safety is at stake. Indeed, public order advocates believe that under ...

Explain why individual rights and public order perspectives are such contentious issues in contemporary American Society

Individual rights are such a contentious issue in contemporary American Society because some laws cannot be interpreted in the same ways for all the cases. Individual rights have been outlined by the Founders and written in the Bill of Rights. The Founders believed that an individual has a right for freedom of speech, religion, press, as well as the freedom for unreasonable searches. Besides, an individual has social, political and economic freedoms. Nowadays, there are many cases, in which the individual rights have been violated (for example the cases of unreasonable searches and seizures). However, the trial did not take into ...

The 1960’s was marked by global complexities in culture and political trend. It is, however, the age of reform and rebirth in US history. The sixties were a decade that was full of promise and hope to follow the heightened social consciousness that opened the minds of the people. It was period that wishes to fight social injustice that corrupts the social system. To curve this, politics was perceived to be the best solution. However, many social and political analysts thought that it was presumptuous to assume that politics can provide a remedy to the ailing community. Among them were ...

Discussion 1

The New Deal refers to measures aimed at achieving a steady economic recovery, providing relief for the poor and unemployed, and reforming the financial institutions. These measures were taken by President Roosevelt in his first term in office. The significance of the introduction of the New Deal during President Franklin Roosevelt’s first term in office to constitutionalism in the United States cannot be gainsaid. However, during the mid-1930s, there was a major disagreement between the constitutional aspects regarding the New Deal and the Supreme Court (Strout, 1933). As a result of the disagreement the ‘Court Packing Plan’ emerged and a subsequent constitutional ...

The concept of civil liberties granting individual rights has historically been a push-pull between majority and minority rights. Until the late 1800’s the United States was a majority Christian nation. Setting aside time for Christian prayers and Christian holidays seemed natural and appropriate to everyone whether an activity was stopped during school, a public meeting or in church.
When immigrants from Europe with varied backgrounds and beliefs started arriving late in the 1800’s the playing field started shifting. Immigrants were filling jobs which were being created during Industrialization. They were settling into the cities causing a sharp rise in urbanization.
...

Intellectual property is employed in multiple areas to govern individual rights to and ownership of products and ideas of the mind. These laws play a big role in encouraging people to be more innovative and creative to come up with new ideas. Protection of these ideas is essential as one will be credited for their contribution to the innovation. In essence, intellectual property rights have a general benefit to the society. The originator of the idea or work/ creation is granted a bundle of rights to own and use the ideas or the intellectual creation as they may desire (Charnley, 2011). In ...

Introduction

In this assignment on principles of health and social care practice, I will explain how principles of support are applied to ensure the holistic care and safeguard of a service user as well as other staff members. I will highlight the benefits of person centred care and discuss the ethical issues and dilemmas that may arise when providing support and protection to users of healthcare services from a carer’s perspective. Whilst implementing the policies, legislations and regulations i will also indentify where these policies and procedures can be developed and evaluate its impact on organizational policy and practice. I will also ...

Abstract

The concept of human rights has evolved over time and today, human rights are used as the yardstick upon which people measure a government’s treatment of its people. Human rights have been proffered as universal rights that occur to man by his being human. It may well be stated that human rights in modern day are synonymous to religion. They seek to define the moral code within which a government treats its people. Several theoretical approaches have been put forward in an endeavor to explain the basis of human rights. some of the theoretical approaches include the natural rights theory ...

Philosophy

Morality is a very important concept in human life. It is a guiding principle on what is right and wrong. Without ethics, life can be so challenging because everyone will have to behave the way they want without thinking about the interests and welfare of others. In medicine, it is essential for each and every practitioner to comply with the standard ethical requirements expected of this profession. This should be done in compliance to the Hippocratic Oath which they commit themselves to, upon the completion of their training. Thus, it is true that without ethics, the medical practitioners will not act ...

Introduction

The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms was promulgated in 1982 and it brought with it several fundamental developments in the legal system of Canada especially in the Supreme Court. Hon. Justice Frank Lacobucci makes the case that the Charter has led to increased protection of fundamental rights as well as promoting national cohesion. To this end, he examines a few of the cases determined before the enactment of the Charter and after, with a view of demonstrating the developments that the Charter has enabled. Nonetheless, it cannot be said that the Charter has been a magic wand in the improved preservation ...

Historians have for a long time strived to challenge early assertions that nations like the United States were established on the fundamental basis of individual rights and freedoms. Though the fore fathers of the United States enshrined individual rights and freedoms in both the articles of Confederation and the US constitution, the fact remains that the original notion of freedom was Paradox. Edmund Morgan in his article, Slavery and freedom: The American Paradox alludes to the lifestyles that were led by American forefathers. In specific, Morgan explains that George Washington and Thomas Jefferson are regarded as being American heroes who ...

Morality and Abortion

1. Is abortion in any sense a moral question, or is it purely a question of individual rights?
One strongly believes that abortion is both, a moral issue, as well as a question of individual rights. According to one’s research, abortion falls within the ethical and moral realm in terms of the curtailment of life of the unborn . Accordingly, the authors asserted that “pro-life activists make the cunning argument that abortion is equivalent to murder, and murder is not ethical. Therefore, abortion is unethical” . However, abortion is also a question of individual rights since the woman carrying the ...

The U.S. Bill of Rights
The Bill of Rights was proposed and passed through twelve amendments but only ten were successfully ratified and became part of the United States Constitution, which was at first considered incomplete because it lacked what proponents called the basic human rights. The common belief at that time was that the framing and ratification of the Bill of Rights was to eliminate fears of the Anti-Federalists that the proposed Constitution did not satisfactorily guarantee individual freedoms. Even if individual liberty was important during the debate for the bill of rights, the Bill of Rights was ...

HIV screening is a procedure that many countries have adopted the world over in a bid to get the necessary statistics to ensure effective detection and treatment of the virus. However, Mandatory HIV screenings is a radical measure that raises various moral and legal questions with regard to the need to protect the society and the duty to respect individual rights. There are various moral arguments that are aimed at supporting mandatory HIV screenings including paternalism, prevention of vertical transmission, and facilitation of behavior change.

Prevention of Vertical Transmission of the Virus

Mandatory HIV screenings during prenatal care are essential because they help to prevent the ...

Vaccination is the process by which the immunity of an individual is stimulated to develop protection against pathogens by the use of antigens called vaccines. Vaccination has been in use for a long period and has seen prevention and reduction of communicable and infectious diseases. The use of vaccines to prevent diseases was commonly used in children aged between 0 and 6 years; however, after scientific developments and discoveries it gained traction among adults (Habakus & Holland 2011). To protect the weak, elderly and the immune compromised individuals versus an individual’s right to say no to a vaccine is ...

Introduction

Internet has changed our lives in many ways; the information technology has made modern, well-developed and advanced world where life gets easier than ever before. People use internet technology for attaining information in the most inexpensive and easiest way. The study suggests that around 900 million people in the world are using the internet (Masci 1998, 14). This is one of the best medium of communication. However, the question arises, are there any challenges associated with internet privacy or security or not? The internet privacy is defined as a status in which individual’s information is not being accessed without ...

Following APA Guidelines

Academic Affiliation:
On the unfortunate morning that the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks took, place people around the globe have forced the population to reassess security measures. Once thought to be one of the safest countries in the world, the United States revealed itself to have several breaches when the towers fell. The new, restrictive guidelines to help keep citizens safe began slowly. The airport began keeping a firmer, more watchful eye on boarding passengers, as well as their luggage while the government began to take more notice of the nation’s borders. Slowly people began to feel safe ...

Introduction

Public safety is a significant part of every society life. To be happy, people need to feel safe. Moreover, safety s one of the stages in the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. On the contrary, every individual has rights. I some cases, public safety and individual rights conflict with each other. This essay is aimed at researching the issue of relations between public safety and individual rights. The essay will be divided into four parts. In the first part, I will research the issue of statutory authorities and responsibilities of government officials, security personnel, and private citizens. The second part ...

The United States constitution is a well written plan or set of rules for the national government. It explains how laws are made, how leaders are chosen and what the national government can and cannot do. The constitution includes ten amendments called the bill of rights. This gives the American people important rights and freedoms. The fourteenth amendment was effected so as to makes the prohibitions against government encroachments upon individual liberties and freedom of the bill of rights applicable to the state. The first ten amendments to the constitution, that is, the bill of rights serves to guarantee the ...

Values Clarification and Ethical Legal Case Analysis

Values Clarification
Values dictate the way people function both personally and professionally. In nursing practice, having clear values is essential in achieving moral competence (Jormsri et al., 2005). In completing the value clarification exercise, forty-two items were answered. Of these forty-two items, 15 responses were “mostly agree” and another 15 responses were “mostly disagree.” Six responses were “somewhat disagree”, three responses were “somewhat agree”, and the final three responses were “neutral.”

In a cluster that relates to issues raised by advanced technology, I had some agreements and disagreements. Giving extraordinary medical treatments to patients is essential, particularly when the ...

The doctrine of direct effect under the European Law is a principle that allows the EU laws, regulations directives and treaties to apply directly to the nationals of the Member States of the EU without necessarily being incorporated into the national laws through acts of legislation (Ward 74). Under this doctrine, national courts are under a strict obligation to recognize and eforce the EU laws to confer rights on the nationals of those states where their rights have been infringed by their states or state corporations (Conway 216). According to Fisher, this doctrine deals with the determination of the ...

Panopticism is a term that symbolizes a form of repressive measures that are taken to discipline society in the form of surveillance. Panopticism forms part of the disciplinary mechanisms that the country may use as part of counterterrorism policies. Some of these disciplinary measures are in the form of technical devices using high powered surveillance cameras that can be found in public places such as airports. Panopticism in the airport aims to prevent future aircraft piracy and hijacks by using data analysis and intelligence gathering through surveillance devices.
One of the effects of 9/11 is the creation of the ...

The U.S. Articles of Confederation and Constitution

Articles of Confederation versus the Constitution of 1787
The 2nd article defines the sovereignty of the state which is fundamental to the new nation’s existence. At first glance, this may seem to go against the spirit of confederation but it actually stabilizes it by reiterating the foundation of the freedom of self-rule which was the basis of the revolution. While it accedes to aspects of federal rule that have been duly and clearly agreed among the states, the article establishes the natural state of the state to be free to conduct ...

Question 1: International relations mainstream theories

The contribution of post modernism to the field of international relations has been far-reaching. The major element of this approach is the criticism to Marxism. It takes various strands of thinking and among them is the constructivist which is based on the philosophy of constructivism being applied in social settings. The theory talks about what it means to say that something is socially constructed. It illustrates social beliefs and facts that seem to have some sense of reality in them. But in reality, these social beliefs would function for individuals as I they ...

The progressive era is a historical period of political and economic reforms from 1900 to 1918, which transformed the American society. The various movements during the Progressive era focused on major areas, such as equality, individual rights, economic justice and many others. In the gilded age, there was inequality in many segments of the American society, such as the African Americans, women and immigrants. Advocates of the Democratic Party, Republican Party and members of the third parties focused on specific issues of the country and developed various political, social and economic reforms, which have been influencing the American society until ...

What is The Bill of Rights 

The Bill of Rights is an official list of amendments, which defines the freedom that is owned by the citizens and the limits of the power of the federal government. Most importantly, the Constitution and the Bill of Rights help in dictating the rights and enhancing the law in cases pertaining to the violation of the freedom of rights. Therefore, the Bill of Rights forms the core basis of liberties and freedom that every individual has an inherent right against the federal government (Alexander & Alexander, 2005). Conversely, the elimination of the amendments from the constitution may be inconsiderable and ...

King clearly prefers the Aboriginal history of creation. It is not merely because she relishes the presentation of these stories in contrast to the Western version of Adam and Eve’s fall from grace. In her mind, once dissected, these stories illustrate the vast gulf between the Western concepts of sovereignty and individual rights and the Aboriginal notions of these very same ideas. King feels the very fabric of and the parables espoused in these stories illustrate how the Western ideal of is of a much stronger, centralized body of governance where people are punished accordingly if they do not ...

Scenario 1

Accept. According to the city ordinance rules, it is considered a crime to display any symbol that may have an effect f arousing anger or resentment. The stipulations further indicate that this should not be allowed on the basis of color, creed and gender. Spreading hate messages and propaganda is illegal in that it significantly contributes to increased violence in a locality. Using graffiti, vandalism and burning crosses with the intention of creating a climate that is characterized by fear among the members of the community is a crime punishable by law. Citizens have the right to stay in a conducive environment free from ...

Introduction

Islamic criminal justice system is unique compared to other criminal justice systems of the world, for example, the British criminal justice system or even the American criminal justice systems. Whereas the essence of penology in an American justice system would be aimed at imposing stiff punishment to heavy or complex crimes, Islamic criminal justice system is aimed at imposing the stiffest penalty to simple crimes so that more complex crimes are not committed in future. The penalty is thus deterrent in a special way. Furthermore, this justice system practiced by Muslims is ordained by God, implemented by the Prophet and, ...

QUESTION 1

The first cost incurred is the repatriation of profits from the small countries by multinational corporations. In some cases, most of the profits accrue to the developed nations. The second cost is the transfer of skilled labor from the market of the small country to other countries with better conditions.

QUESTION 2

The United Sates should engage in the funding of capital projects in its foreign aid. For instance, it should engage in funding projects such as housing when it embarks on foreign aid. The initiative will help to improve the living standards of people in those countries.
In the ...

Arunabha Banerjee

Senior Associate, Corporate & Compliance Solutions, Thomson Reuters
Abstract
This article proposes to compare the reigns of Chief Justice Earl Warren and William Rehnquist, two stalwarts of the Federal Supreme Court, in influencing civil rights protection jurisprudence in the history of American Constitutional law. After individually addressing key aspects of their respective tenures, the article delves into a comparative analysis and examines recent trends in protection of civil liberties in light of past developments and future prospects.
Keywords: Supreme Court, Warren, Rehnquist, Civil Rights, Civil Liberties, Constitution, National Security

Introduction

The Federal Supreme Court in the United States of ...

States governments are through legislations, responsible for various individuals’ rights and freedoms. Over the years, individual liberty has been a topic of discussion among many state governments around the globe. Individual liberty is described as the freedom of citizens of a particular state to conduct various activities without interference from the government. The state government, usually, has less or no power over the individuals’ conduct and behavior. Individuals under democratic governments, usually, have and enjoy varied social, political, and economic liberties in their undertakings. By contrast, some state governments have a complete control over individual liberties. The concept of individual liberty can ...

- Characteristics of the nation-state and transnational entities
A nation-state refers to an organized community living under one government that derives administrative legitimacy from serving an independent unit for a realm as an independent territorial entity. The term nation-state is derived from nation and state. Nation refers to a coming together of people sharing a culture and language. A nation does not necessarily assume a formal political entity. On the other hand, a state is a political legally formed entity that comprises of a defined territory, a government, a permanent population, and the ability to enter into legal relations with other states. Of note is that a government ...

Langston Hughes in his poem “Let America Be America Again” paints a picture of an America that is a deprivation of the ideal people have about it. He mentions that America has never lived up to this ideal, but that he is dedicated to it becoming that ideal. He writes, “America never was America to me, /And yet I swear this oath— /America will be!” The poem is as much a wish of how Hughes wants America to be but sees that it is currently not. He writes, “Let it be that great strong land of love /Where never kings connive nor tyrants ...

Democratization has been an overarching theme in several modern countries and the ruling regime. Much premium has been placed on the process of democratization which entails the progressive movement towards attaining democratic ideals in a nation. Democracy is associated with several properties and components which include free and orderly elections, a vibrant civil society, a constitutional legitimacy of the ruling government, an emphasis on civil liberties as opposed to an authoritarian regime with little regard for individual rights. There is a stronger media space which is able to explore and cast the spotlight on the affairs of the government with the end result ...

The American government has had to implement strategic measures in efforts to counter terrorism. Indeed, after the 9/11 attacks, America has been on the offensive with the strategy premised on prevention. However, while every effort to defend the territorial integrity and sovereign of America is welcomed, it is essential that such processes adhere to the law. In that strain, it is partially regrettable that America has resorted to using drones against its own citizens. Indeed, the confession by the Attorney General that since 2009, four citizens have succumbed to drone attacks comes as a wakeup call to the observation of ...

Preferential government policies seek to give preferences in employment and education to marginalized ethnic groups. These policies are unique to countries that implement them. In some countries, the Preferential Government Policies are known as “Affirmative Action”,” positive discrimination” or “sons of the soil preferences”. Irrespective of a county’s approach to these policies, Preferential Government Policies serve one prime role: to accord the disadvantaged ethnic groups special preferences. (Thomas, 1989 p. 21). In spite of the varying nature of Preferential Government Policies, they exhibit very similar political consequences in diverse political and cultural set-up.
Every government in the world ...

Question #1

The freedoms awarded by the governments to its citizens are fundamental and they form the limits to which activities and liberties are allowed. The controversy to whom the right or is the discretion of the kind of music to be listened to in a country that considers itself a much liberal one and holds pride in herself on the freedom of choice for all.
Leete`s proposition of whom should be vested the rights to decide what kind of music we listen to and it is up to that limit every other persons rights is not infringed. This is to ...

Introduction

- Many of the individuals who commit crime are a first time offender, and many scholars argue that jail terms are not appropriate for such individuals in modern society.
- Thesis: The society believes that prisons protect them from criminals, and the goal of the criminal justice system is to protect law-abiding citizens from crime, especially crimes of violence and security of lives and property.

Body

- The proponents of jail terms argue that one of the reasons for administering punishments such as jail terms is to discourage others from committing similar offenses and reduction of crime.
- The ...

Introduction

Habeas corpus is defined as the writ in which the person who has been arrested faces trial to defend their innocence. This writ of habeas corpus is a term from the legal phrase called that you have the body. This is made into law in which it is a must for all who are detained to be taken to the courts and judged without any prejudice. This is a way for the jurisdiction to show people the reasons why they have arrested a person. The habeas corpus is a very important tool for the American and English laws especially when it comes to protecting ...

Thesis statement

Capitalism is a social and economic system that stresses in privately controlled economy in production, pricing and distribution of goods in a market and has many benefits compared to other economic forms. The Oxford Dictionary defines Capitalism as “an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production, with the goal of making a profit”.

Capitalism produces more wealth and production as they reduce the expenditure in production.

John Maynard Keynes, the British Economist who contributed significantly to the Keynesian economic school of thought, believes that capitalism is essential for freedom to survive and thrive. Wherever Capitalism as a policy has been adopted, the result has invariably been one that of progress and ...

Liberalism refers to both political and moral philosophy anchored on the principles of individualism and liberty. The philosophy of liberalism recognizes an individual as the first order value in the society. The notion that liberalism is all about basic principles of constitutional governance and individual rights is well acknowledged by both conservative and modern liberals. The society therefore provides the necessities or the humble environment from which an individual can fully achieve their aspirations through liberty. In essence, these are the two basic pillars that support liberalism. In a broader sense, liberalism is a constitution of four essential elements that include ...

The Bill of Rights Who Needs It?

Akhil Reed Amar, (1998), a leading constitutional scholar reminds us that states rights were an issue of our national politics “older than the Union itself.” The separate and distinct English colonies in the New World laid the foundation for the argument for states’ rights that in turn set the stage for the creation of the Bill of Rights. But in the 1780s no states yet existed and the power of individuals was heard the Constitutional Conventions held in each colony. Here it is argued that the Bill of Rights was necessary as an amendment to the Constitution in order to ...

Within the U.S. political system, the ideological spectrum is not all that broad, and mainly swings between the two poles of classical liberalism (conservatism) and progressive or modern liberalism (social democracy). Ezra Taft Benson explained the former in his 1968 essay “The Role of Government”, which was to enforce the law, protect the natural rights of individuals, provide for the national defense and generally refrain from redistributing wealth or creating social welfare programs. These ideas free market capitalism and limited government were also held by Ronald Reagan, Calvin Coolidge, Margaret Thatcher and economists like Milton Friedman. Jeffrey Sachs expressed ...

Though in history, Rome conquered Athens when the Athenians were never capable of conquering Rome; still Athens conquered Rome culturally and said to have a greater cultural and philosophical legacy than Rome. In fact, much of its religion and philosophy is influenced by the Greek culture; it is only after the arrival of the foundational philosophical works of Greeks such as Socrates and Plato has Rome had his own philosophers. To simplify, Rome was a society of power and was superior in most aspects of society, while Athens was the center of philosophy and was ahead of everybody in learning and ...

The role of emotion in the workplace

According to emotions in the work place play an outsized role in the way a firm communicates itself not only to the outside world, but also within itself. All the happenings at work have real sensitive impact on partakers. Both attitudinal and behavioral emotional states consequences have substantial connotation for persons, groups, and the public. Work emotions can either be positive or negative. Positive workplace emotions are very useful as they help employees achieve positive outcomes. Some of the good outcomes that result from positive workplace emotions include achievements, high social context, and job enrichment. On the other hand, negative ...

In the American society, the privacy of the people as well as other individual rights are some of the things that are considered with utmost importance. However, there comes a time when these individual rights are withheld and the government or its agencies violates them. Below is an explanation of instances when the right to privacy of an individual can be infringed.

Privacy Rights

For a long time, America had been enjoying a period of peace and the security agencies did not have as much to worry about. However, this was bound to change after the 9/111 attack where the intelligence services as well ...