Infant Mortality College Essays Samples For Students

Infant Mortality

Infant Mortality
Infant mortality is basically the death of a child that has not attained one year. The population heath and consequently infant mortality of a population in this paper will be the outcomes of a specified group of individuals and the distributions of the results within the group. The groups can be any amalgamation of people including by geographical areas or even ethnicity.
Access to healthcare is the single most determiner of infant mortality of a population. To begin, the infants who are delivered in a hospital have lesser chances of developing complications than those delivered elsewhere. In addition, if the ...

HCA 302. Health Care Organization

Introduction
Health care systems are essential in providing security to nation-states world-over, which goes beyond health issues; entire economies depend on such vital system for security. One only has to imagine the devastation of a population by an infectious disease such as HIV/AIDS. Despite having some similarities, health systems vary from one country to the other. Notably, nations design as well as develop their health systems in line with their needs as well as the available resources. The United States and Canada share a border, and thus there is a natural inclination to compare the two health care regimes. ...

Infant Mortality

Introduction
Infant mortality has taken a toll at the nation as a whole apart from the families and mothers who loses their babies to different causes. The death of a baby is by far the most devastating event a parent can ever go through in a lifetime. Child mortality remains a sad reality for the whole nation, especially the sole parents and families who are unfortunate enough to experience child death. According to CDC, over 23,000 infants died in the country in the year 2014 alone. The number represents the reported cases of child death across the country. ...

1. Poverty is a cause of poor health in a community. “The biggest enemy of health in the developing world is poverty”, these are the words of Former Un secretary general Koffi Annan in his2001 address to the World Health Assembly. Globally, there is a definite relationship between poverty and poor health. Life expectancy in the Least Developed Countries is just 49 years and ten percent of newborn children do not reach their first birthday (Allen, 2006, pg.73). Interestingly, in highly developed countries, the average life span is 77 years and the infant mortality rate is six per 1000 live births. Poverty creates ...

Introduction

We measure population health by comparing the status of health over time. Infant mortality is one of those measurements that serve as a barometer for this comparison and makes understanding the effect of health systems and programs between comparable periods (Reidpath and Allotey).
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is defined as “the number of deaths in children under 1 year of age per 1000 live births in the same year” (Reidpath and Allotey). The IMR reflects the overall health scenario of a country and statistical measures of developed and developing cuontries indicate that a high or very high IMR is experienced in ...

Introduction

In this paper, we will discuss and describe the application of statistics and probability theory to a real world situation. We will choose a data set and apply one of the statistical procedures learned during this course.
The data set was retrieved from the R. Weintraub (1962), "The Birth Rate and Economic Development: An Empirical Study", Econometrica, Vol. 40, #4, pp 812-817. This data provides information about the birth rates, per capita income, proportion of population in farming and infant mortality during the early 1950s for 30 nations.
The purpose of this project assignment is to apply correlation and ...

Figure 1: Map of Africa showing the countries selected for this study

Introduction

Population dynamics affects a country’s development and the general contribution of the country or region to the global society. This paper examines the relative population growth of Africa using ten countries from the continent (Libya, Angola, Kenya, Cameroon, Guinea, Mauritania, Botswana, Ghana, Chad and Madagascar) in comparison to five countries from other regions. The U.S.A, Ukraine (former Soviet Union), South Korea (Asia), Qatar (Middle East), Brazil (South America) are the countries selected to compare to the African countries. This paper presents ranking of the fifteen countries above ...

Introduction:

Losing a loved one is a very painful experience especially when someone is lost through maternal means. As far as culture diversity is concerned, many communities around the world have different expectations when it comes to maternal mortality on whether to lose the baby or the mom. In most communities, they opt for the child to die and the mom to survive while in others, they prefer the baby to survive and lose the mom even though such believers are very minimal around the world. Maternal mortalities of both the mothers and the infants are increasing at a very high level around ...

Describing some of the countries as developed countries means that they are certain defined criteria and features, which are considered as symbol of high development. The criteria, which have been set for such classification of such countries, are sometimes considered as contentious and are debated by different authorities and organizations. However some of the most accepted and frequently used parameters or indicators for measuring development, and which are considered as the common characteristics of the developed countries are high rate of economic growth, high income per capita, a low rate of unemployment, population growth rate, infant mortality rate, literacy rate, ...

Ethical issue: practicing defiant/ignorant promotional exercises of infant baby formula at the expense of breastfeeding in third world countries.

Context: Profitability vs. social concern
Facts
A baby should be breastfed exclusively during the first six weeks of its life.
Breast milk contains nourishing and immunity-giving components
Third world countries face low literacy levels, poverty and sanitation which affect safe administration of infant baby formula in babies by young mothers.

If action is taken to compel Nestle to act ethically:

The company will cease providing misleading information
The company will improve the quality of its products to avoid blame on any issues relating to consumption of its products

Mothers will follow advice from nutritionists and breastfeed babies instead of promotional adverts thereby reducing infant mortality rates

The company’s profits will dwindle initially
Adoption of factual promotional practices will regain people’ ...

Introduction

In ancient Rome, only the men who were regarded to be of higher status in the society got the best education and health care. Aristocratic women were also entitled to the special treatment that men got. However, this class of women made a very small percentage of the entire women population. Women from all levels however, had a major responsibility of bearing a child regardless of their social position or economic status. In ancient Rome, childbirth was a perilous experience for the women and their unborn children since there was a high rate of infant mortality. Maternal mortality was also very high in ancient ...

Economic inequality Between Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Australians

Introduction
Thought the last century, the subject of inequality has come to the fore. It seems that social, economic, racial, ethnic disparity became ubiquitous under the circumstances of economic and technical progress. While some countries take a course of rapid development, others remain behind. It happens not only on the political level but also within the country on the social scale. The emergence of perceptible economic inequality can now be observed in developed countries, and Australia is not an exclusion.
Historically, economic inequality strengthened disparities of income and living standards of the individual layers of the population, increased the ...

International Comparison of Data

International Comparison of Data
Health indicators are defined by health scientists as quantitative features used to define health status of a population. Health indicators have direct influences on the health of a community and the indicators are used to characterize the health quality of the community. The United States and most of the European countries have favorable health indicators compared to other developed counties. The research paper is going to compare the health indicators of three countries including United States, Denmark and Ethiopia. Health indicators are used by the governments and other health agencies in guiding the healthy policy ...

Health Care In Saudi Arabia

Introduction:
The Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health supervises all public and private healthcare and hospitals. They use a two tier system of primary healthcare centers along with urban and specialized facilities. When the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was established in 1932 one of King Abdulaziz’s first priorities was to initiate a free modern health care system for citizens and Islamic pilgrims. The Saudi government set up facilities across Saudi Arabia and the results were spectacular. Life expectancy climbed, infant mortality dropped and diseases like malaria and smallpox that were once epidemic just about disappeared. The healthcare system has benefitted ...

What explains the decline in mortality in developed countries? Are there lessons to be learned in relation to the poor in developing countries today?
I. Introduction

A. General Information

In general, the mortality level is deservedly considered to be among one of the characteristics that reveals both economic and social health of the certain state and that clearly describes the effectiveness of the policies that governments get used to adopt. In this context, the most significant particular demographic indicators are commonly the following:
1) Infant mortality rate;
2) Maternal mortality rate;
3) Mortality amid able-bodied citizens;
4) Mortality caused by external factors;
...

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the American Academy of Primary Physicians, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the World Health Organization recommend that mothers exclusively breastfeed their infants for the first six months after delivery (Stuebe). In fact, the World Health Organization states that even after solid foods are started at six months, the mother should continue breastfeeding her child for at least two years or as long as she is able to produce milk (Breastfeeding Action Group 1). These organizations are quite correct in issuing these recommendations for as opposed to formula milk, breast milk and ...

In what sense, if any, has there been an East Asian “Miracle”? Does it matter whether it can be deemed to be a “miracle”?
The second half of the twentieth century had witnessed the highest growth rates in such East Asian countries as Japan, China; the Four Tigers – Hong Kong, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan, and the newly industrializing economies - Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. The so-called East Asian «Miracle» had impressed all the economic society by the most rapid economic growth and the most dramatic decline in the inequality and income distribution. The progress, ...

When talking about healthcare in Haiti, it is impossible to ignore the forty-five-second earthquake that decimated the hospitals and clinics in Haitian Capital to rubbles. The calamity reverted all the advancements gained back to the medical stone age.
Even though Haiti did not have modern medical facilities and enough health care practitioners, the quake destroyed all the health care infrastructure that was already available; transport network, water and sanitation systems and electricity, thus, shutting down the delivery of health care services.
Haiti is a country trapped in the medical backwater. Close to 80% of the country’s population live ...

Introduction

The PICOT question for the research: In pregnant women below the age of 30 years, how does the provision of safer sleeping environment compare to the administration of prenatal medication prevent the rate of postneonatal deaths? From the PICOT question formulated, a search term "postneonatal deaths" will be used to review the information on the topic.

Postneonatal deaths

Infant mortality includes both neonatal and post-neonatal deaths. While neonatal deaths occur in children within 28 days after birth, postneonatal deaths occur in infants between 28 days and 11 months after birth. There are various causes and conditions which lead to post-neonatal mortality. ...

Introduction

As a foreign student in the United States, there are many experiences that I have been through in his journey of life and education. I was born in Wellington, New Zealand in 1990. I lived there until the age of 15, then moved to Arizona in The United States. Ever since I moved to America, I have travelled to several states, and this has helped him gain many diverse experiences, new knowledge, new perspectives and challenges. I have learnt the values of different cultures; not all of my experiences were positive, I had to go through several struggles in ...

The Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act require that hospitals stabilize and treat patients in the emergency department regardless the patient’s ability to pay or their insurance status. The Act’s main intent was to prevent the dumping of uninsured patients to public hospital without offering any care. According to the Act, a hospital should provide emergency care to a patient and only transfer the patient to another hospital once the patient is stable. In the situation, the friend had a serious medical emergency; therefore, the hospital was supposed to provide emergency services even in the absence of ...

Part 1

Description of the program
One of the most critical issues that are continuously posing great threats to the well-being of humans in the 21st century remains to be diseases which are untreatable. HIV/AIDS forms the bulk of the deaths that come from such illnesses. As such, there is the need to have in place programs that will effectively address this scourge. In many developing countries particularly the third world countries, there have been challenges that have always been faced in combating the scourge. Puerto Rico is one such country that has been bedeviled with this disease. In particular, San ...

Although the US has recorded hundreds of proposed reforms to its healthcare system, few have been enacted into law. In 2010, however, a landmark reform was enacted with the hope that it would improve access to affordable care. Since its enactment, the Affordable Care Act has seen several changes made to the US healthcare system (United Health Foundation, 2016). Subsequently, the impact of these changes on the state of health in the various states has emerged as an important area of study. In view of this, the current paper compares and contrasts the state of health in the states ...

Question 2: Guard Dogs & Watch Dogs

Corporate America had grown so powerful and pervasive that it can manipulate the government and its agencies to further its goals. Ideally, the government, which comprises the executive, Congress, and the judiciary, is expected to regulate the economy. While the judiciary has remained largely independent (even though ideological factors still play a role), Congress and the executive have become too deeply entangled with private individuals and firms that policy decision-making is not always driven by public interest. Harvey (2007) argues that the rise of neoliberalism in key countries across the world has seen the reduction of the power of organized ...

According to World Health Organization, health disparities, refers to, “population-specific differences in the presence of disease, health outcomes, quality of health care and access to health care services that exist across racial and ethnic groups.” The existing health disparities provide insight to the inefficiencies encountered within the health system leading to gratuitous costs. Studies indicate that eliminating the health disparities in minorities may require the allocation of billions of money. The insufficient care to access, poverty, violence, poor quality of care, and individual behaviors are among the factors results to racial, ethnic and social economic disparities. The groups that ...

Introduction

Somalia is a country located in the Horn of Africa. On the East, it is bordered by the Indian Ocean, Kenya to the South West, Ethiopia to the West, The Red Sea to the North and Djibouti to the North West. For over two decades, the country was experiencing a civil war. During this time, the political systems grinded into a halt and the country degenerated into anarchy. However, a new government has been installed in the country. As such, many government departments were revived. This paper looks at tourism in Somalia. Irrespective of the turbulent past that the country has experienced in ...

Introduction

United States and France are nations with large economies that share several principals in health care. The French health care ranks the best in the world as stated by World Health Organization. Health care is an important aspect in every country. Health care varies from one country to another depending on the policies that the government implements.

Comparison of French Health Care to United States Health Care

Health care and medical practice in United States and France have many differences in terms of efficiency, hospital practices, curative and preventive care. The French hospitals lie in the public sector and most of the practitioners receive salary. The government controls the ...

The United States healthcare system is ranked last among industrialized countries, and it is struggling between equal access and priority access. When there is a gap between socio-economic classes and healthcare access, there will be a decline in the quality of life. “Although economic growth has been the most important driver of human progress in the past and still has a crucial role to play in improving lives in developing countries, we in the developed world must now look elsewhere for further improvements in the real quality of life.” (Wilkinson and Pickett, 2009). Comparing America’s healthcare system with that of other ...

Several developing economies lack the capacities to take care of the poor population. These countries have inadequate resources to provide for every person in the economy. Such countries are characterized by poor nutrition, high infant mortality rates, high unemployment rates, and poor medical facilities and services among other devastating effects both to children and to women, who form most of the vulnerable population. According to the example that Peter Singer gives about Dora and the poor boy, whom she intend she intends to sell away to organ peddlers, confirming that Dora acted without morals is true because she has ...

Introduction

The history of health care in the United States can be traced from back in 1920s. The health care system has evolved over the decades from basic medical discoveries to most cutting-edge and complex system. These discoveries have contributed to expansion and improvement of health care. For instance, the invention of adhesive bandage in 1923 while the first cancer hospital was opened in New York City in 1921. During this period, vitamin D was commercially synthesized and manufactured for consumption in US. In 1929, the first air ambulance was launched.
In 1931, the first antiacid was in supply ...

The Office of the Chief Nursing Officer (OCNO) has established that caseload midwifery is the most appropriate and effective type of midwifery in the nursing circles of Australia. Caseload midwifery, which entails the mother to-be knowing all the details about the midwife giving her personalized attention, has been described as the only type that gives the patient or the client the chance to have a professional accountable for any complication that may develop in the process of giving birth (Dietsch et al, 2008). Arguably, infant mortality is among the most notable threats to the human race. The rate of infant ...

Abstract

New advances in medical science and technology have decreased the global burden of disease. However, low-income countries lack the necessary resources to provide for the healthcare needs of all their people. E-health systems have the potential to help low-income countries tap into the richer healthcare resources of more affluent countries, by providing cost-effective tools that can link them to global data management banks, clinical decision support organizations, and care-at-a-distance programs. However, to be effective, these resources must be used with care. The first step in prioritizing healthcare resources is to estimate the burden of disease. High-income countries have reliable ...

New advances in medical science and technology have decreased the global burden of disease. However, low-income countries lack the necessary resources to provide for the healthcare needs of all their people. E-health systems have the potential to help low-income countries tap into the richer healthcare resources of more affluent countries, by providing cost-effective tools that can link them to global data management banks, clinical decision support organizations, and care-at-a-distance programs. However, to be effective, these resources must be used with care. The first step in prioritizing healthcare resources is to estimate the burden of disease. High-income countries have reliable ...

Abstract

In the past four decades, rapid urbanization and industrialization trends have been experienced globally. This consequently has resulted into changes in the socioeconomic, political, physical, health amongst many other sphere of human life. This implies that in the recent past, there have been massive shifts in the health systems. These changes have had both positive and negative impacts. For instance the infant mortality rate has significantly reduced; if the 1978 trends persisted then trends would have been at 16.7million deaths annually by the year 2006. Though this is not the case; in 2006, the infant mortality rates stood at ...

Abstract

Multilateral organizations, such the International Monetary Fund, play a major role in our society, working in the areas of technical and financial assistance through structural adjustments in developing countries, as well as funding and sector-specific policy guidance. This domain has an inherent dynamism, and must be understood by analyzing the historical trajectory of these organizations and understanding that their actions are guided by the ideology that sustains the society we live in, which is rooted in the capitalist mode of production. This led me to ask the simple question: to what extant has the IMF been a force for good in ...

Health Care in African American Community in USA

Introduction

African Americans comprise a very diverse population. They are the second largest minority ethnic group in the United States. The origin of the African American health care system dates back to the era of slavery when racism and medical theories about African Americans were eminent therefore creating suspicion with regards to the medical system.
White medical practitioners then claimed that African Americans had anatomical and physiological features such as thick skin that was heat and sun resistant as well as tolerant to pain, making them ideal for slavery or as specimens for medical research (Carteret, 2011). These perceptions ...

Personal Perspective on Healthcare

United States of America is far ahead in almost all the fields of development. But if we talk about health care system the country lacks when compared with other developed countries. There are a number of health challenges that country is facing like high heath service cost and high uninsured population.
1. Health care system in America is not as per the image of nation. World Health Organization ranked America 37th in health performance and 72nd in health level. America’s health care services are considered one of most costly health services in the world. Country stood 42nd in ...