Inflammation College Essays Samples For Students

Background

Asthma is a chronic disease associated with inflammation of the lining of airway and obstruction of lung airflow. It usually involves an increase in the number of inflammatory cells, most commonly eosinophils and to some extent basophils, mast cells, macrophages. (Eds. Brunton, et al., 2009) Asthma, together with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), is considered as one ofthe most common obstructive lung diseases characterized by expiratory airflow obstruction. (eds. Longo, et al., 2012)
An asthmatic patient usually presents with recurrent events of shortness of bright (SOB), chest tightness, and wheezing, “a high-pitched whistling sound when breathing caused by movement of ...

Medicine

(Department)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Introduction of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
COPD is among the commonly occurring lung diseases in which the person feels difficulty in breathing (Lynn, Harrold, and Schuster, 2011). There are two main types of COPD:
- Chronic bronchitis in which there is a persistent cough with mucus,
- Emphysema in which there is damage to the lungs with the passage of time.

Most of the patients of COPD have a combination of both of the conditions.

Causes and reasons of COPD
Smoking is found to be among the top most important causes of COPD. Moreover, chances of developing COPD increases with increased smoking. However, in rare cases people may ...

What is pneumonia?

Pneumonia, or as it is called - lung inflammation, is the infection of one or both lungs which is usually caused by bacteria, fungus and viruses. Until the moment when penicillin was discovered, every third sick person died from the infection. Despite all the achievements of modern medicine, pneumonia remains a serious and dangerous disease. 5% of the patients with pneumonia die.

How can you get pneumonia?

In some cases, the disease is transmitted drip-virally. A sick person sneezes; his secretions contain bacteria and micro-organisms which, getting into the lungs of a healthy person, cause inflammatory infectious processes. In other cases, pneumonia occurs due ...

Introduction

Approximately 2.5 million individuals in the United States contract pneumonia annually, and 55,000 of those individuals die as a result. In fact, pneumonia was the eighth prominent cause of morbidity and is the number one communicable disease in the United States. Pneumonia is the leading deadly hospital-contracted disease and contributes to a sizable amount of deaths in unindustrialized countries as well. It is a grave illness that can impact individuals in all age groups, but it is especially serious in adolescents, the elderly population, and in people with fundamental medical issues such as ischemia, low blood sugar, and ...

Body Systems

The 10 possible terms that might be involved in this case are:
Muscular fatigue (Debility of muscles to generate force due to excessive spraining).
Fibromyalgia (Situation of muscular stiffness and localized tenderness at specific points).
Osteoarthritis (Situation of Severe joint pain and stiffness due to aging and body weight).
Rheumatoid arthritis (Disease causing inflammation of joints causing pain and deformity)
Tendinitis (Disease causing severe inflammation of tendons, which link muscles to bones).
Spasm (Situation of sudden muscular contraction or that of a convulsive movement).
Muscular Sprain (Accidental situation leading to torn or stretched ligaments).
Hypertonia (Situation of abnormal increase ...

Discuss the relationship between the cognitive and the biological features of Alzheimer's disease

In order to know the relationship between the cognitive and the biological features of Alzheimer’s disease, it is very important to know the definition of Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer is defined as the developed form of dementia that usually begins at the age of 40 years onwards. It usually begins when a person has problems speaking and remembering things and eventually the patients becomes very helpless and dies (Jon et al., 2013). According to its history, in 1906 the first person to talk about this disease was Alois Alzheimer. Following his discovery, the disease was later named after him ( ...

Respiratory alterations occur due to viral infections or invasion of the respiratory system by a foreign substance. The two factors lead to symptomatic coughs that differ depending on the type of infection or invading substance. In our scenario, a 6-year old boy, Kevin, is brought to the doctor for evaluation following a persistent deep cough that has lasted for one week. Before developing the condition one week prior to visiting the doctor, Kevin did not show any health problem. The parents say that the cough is deep and sounds as though Kevin is barking. In addition, Kevin’s cough is so severe ...

Chemistry can be described as the branch of science concerned with the substances of which matter is composed, the investigation of their properties and reactions, and the use of such reactions to form new substances.

The Mechanisms and Synthesis of Aspirin

Aspirin is also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). It is a salicylate drug used as an analgesic (something that relieves pain without producing anesthesia or loss of consciousness) for minor aches and pains, as an anti-inflammatory drug, and as an antipyretic to suppress fever. (Vane & Bottling 2000)
The name “Salicylic acid’ was derived from salix, which is the willow family of plants. In ancient ...

Hepatitis is a condition pertaining to the liver. Its name literally means liver inflammation from the Greek words hêpar (liver) and –itis (inflammation). It is caused by several agents but worldwide, the most common medium for its distribution are viruses. There are five types of viruses namely Hepatitis: A, B, C, D, and E; these viruses are unrelated to each other except that they target the liver and cuase inflammation. Among all five Hepatitis B (HepB) is the most transmitted.
HepB is caused by the hepatitis b virus (HBV) which belongs to the family hepadnaviridae which have single stranded ...

English-Solutions how can we solve obesity

Introduction
Over the past few years, obesity has become a national crisis where prospects indicate that it might surpass smoking as the biggest single factor in early death. This may be coupled with the reduction of quality of life as well as the added health care costs. Research conducted by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention indicated that about a third of the adults in the United States are obese while about a third are overweight. Additionally, this research has indicated that obesity is responsible for more than 160,000 excess deaths every year. Arguably, the obesity crisis has brought ...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a condition where the airflow in and out of the lungs is obstructed. A number of chronic lung conditions are bundled together as a common diagnosis of COPD. Emphysema, chronic bronchitis and chronic asthmatic bronchitis are all associated with blockage of the outflow of air through the bronchioles. Patients who are diagnosed with these diseases have similar symptoms and many overlapping characteristics. The diseases usually begin as emphysema or chronic bronchitis with separate causes and pathophysiology, however, it is observed that by the time patients seek treatment, the two diseases overlap and are thus simply ...

Introduction

Biochemistry is the study of composition, structure and the chemical reactions taking place in living organisms. Dental biochemistry is the study of the composition, structure and chemical reactions taking place in teeth (Chary & Sharma 2004). The teeth form the sensitive part of the human being. The teeth enhance the looks of a human being and it is also for eating. When the dental formula of a human being is correct, the confidence to talk improves unlike when the dental formula is not proper. When care is not taken, the teeth will contact diseases. There are various causes of the diseases in ...

When people become sick with dermatomyositis (DM) they have an inflammatory skin rash and inflammation of the voluntary muscles. The patients experience muscle weakness which gets worse.

The DM most often starts with a speedy, severe onset of symptoms. Patients eventually become so weak they have trouble with daily routine activities such as standing up after sitting down, climbing stairs or lifting objects. Other organs such as the lungs may also become diseased.

The symptoms are often treated with prednisone which is a corticosteroid drug used to decrease the inflammation. Other corticosteroid drugs can be used but that family of drugs ...

What is Cholecystitis and the common signs and symptoms associated with it?

Cholecystitis is termed for a disease of the gallbladder which is accompanied by the presence of the inflammation of the gallbladder. Most cases of gallbladder are not accompanied by symptoms and people with gallstones would not necessarily develop Cholecystitis. One of the major reasons for Cholecystitis is the blockage of the cystic duct by gallstones. Abdominal pain is a common sign of Cholecystitis but is often associated with the build-up of bile which increases the pressure within the gallbladder (Nikfarjam, M., et al. 2011).
The inflammation of the gallbladder is mainly caused due to bacterial infection of the gallbladder ...

Abstract

In the essay, there were reviewed questions about how prevalent and widespread stress are in the American population, what consequences and complications stress can cause, and which methods and intervention can be implemented in nursing practice to help patients with high levels of stress to overcome and prevent adverse impacts of stress. As different researches` results showed, there are no clear answers to questions about who is more vulnerable to stress – young or older adults, women or men. Some evidence indicates that representatives of ethnic minorities are more susceptible to stress. Many pieces of evidence point out that prolonged ...

(Author, Department, University,

Corresponding Address and email)

Crohn’s disease is a chronic disease resulting in inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Usually, Crohn’s disease disturbs the small intestine as well as the starting portion of the large intestine, but it can also disturb any part of the gastrointestinal tract ranging from the mouth to the anus. Most commonly, the disease starts with less severity but with the passage of time, it becomes more serious. People in the age range of 20 to 29 years have more chances of developing the disease. Nearly 25% of new cases of Crohn’s disease are found ...

Introduction

Therapeutic ultrasound is categorically as any form of ultrasonic procedure where ultrasound is used in advancing therapeutic benefits. Ultrasound is defined as a systematic oscillating pressure wave that has a higher frequency capacity compared to the human hearing frequency range. Its frequency in most cases supersedes the upper limit of the hearing range of human beings .The execution of the procedures is normally under the use of focused ultrasound (FUS) and unfocused ultrasound. Therapeutic ultrasound is used to reduce pain that emanates from body tissues by providing a viable solution to swelling and edema of the tissues. . Secondly, it is used to ...

Exercise 1: Anatomy of the Respiratory System

What are the two functions of the larynx?
Larynx is a cartilaginous and a muscular structure while holds vocal cords together. It is used by human beings to talk, swallow and breathe. It is lined by the mucous membrane hence forming part of the respiratory system. Larynx protects the airways by closing quickly after mechanical simulation hence stopping respiratory and curbing the entry of foreign substances into the airways. The larynx also produces sound, controls ventilation and acts as a sensory organ.

Where does gas exchange take place in the lungs?

Gaseous exchange occurs in the lungs and for it to take place; there is the need for a place where ...

Exam III Due: Friday March 21st, 2014

Total Points: 100
Since this is a take home exam, you may use notes/references.
Cardiovascular & Congestive Heart Failure (Total points: 58)
- Which lipoprotein normally returns most of the cholesterol to the liver for disposal? (2pt)

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is involved in eliminating excess cholesterol via the liver.

- Which nutritional factors contribute significantly to the rise of total serum cholesterol over time? (4pts)
- Dietary cholesterol
- Total fat
- Saturated fat
- Trans fat
- Excess calories
- Omega-6:
- Omega-3:

Seafood

Meat
- What is C-reactive protein and how does it relate to cardiovascular disease? (4pts)
C-reactive protein ( ...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease that refers to both the Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. These two conditions are variants of IBD that often share some pathophysiological similarities and differences. The incidence of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis may be influenced by familial or hereditary predisposition (Brant, 2007) that may be relevant in the case of the 38-year old male patient suffering from ulcerative colitis and whose aunt was previously diagnosed with a Crohn’s disease. According to Baumgart (2012), a heritability studies of IBD revealed a prominent genetic component. This hereditary disposition is about 75 to 80 ...

Management of the Postsurgical CABG Patient

Management of the Postsurgical CABG Patient
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is a recommended treatment for coronary heart disease (CHD). In the United Kingdom, around 2.7 million people have been diagnosed with this condition (NHS, 2012). The aim of surgery is to relieve angina and shortness of breath by improving the flow of blood to the heart (Parry et al., 2010). These symptoms cause severe discomfort and distress as well as limit the amount and type of physical activity a patient may engage in.
Surgery helps patients attain a higher quality of life referred to as satisfaction with life ...

Obesity refers to having too much fat in the body. The body mass index (BMI) is the standard measure of weight. For a normal healthy person the BMI is between 18.5 and 24.9. The overweight BMI ranges from 25.0 and 29.9; and for obese, it is a BMI of above 30 . The measure differs in adolescents and children due to differences in the growth rate in children as influenced by gender and age.
The impact of obesity in the USA falls in several categories from social, health to economic effects. Those severely obese are subject to ridicule, forced to listen ...

Discussion

It is true that the patient might be suffering from Swimmer’s ear. According to Hui (2013), Swimmer’s ear is commonly experienced in children and adults. It is clear that swimmer’s ear also causes inflammation, fullness in the inner ear and possible hearing loss (Hui, 2013).It is also true that most of the diagnosis is done by the observation of the outer ear such as the pinna. In some cases, the inflammation of the outer ear might be caused by complications in the fluids found in the inner ear. An otoscope could, therefore, be used to ...

Pathophysiology of Rheumatic Fever

Introduction
Rheumatic Fever (RF) is the type of inflammatory disease that can develop due to untreated or inadequately treated throat infection (scarlet fever or strep throat) caused by a type of bacteria known as streptococcus (Carapetis, McDonald & Wilson, 2005). This paper is going to cover pathophysiology of the Rheumatic Fever. It will begin with the symptoms associated with RF. A description of mechanisms or processes that take place in a person infected with RF will be described. This will be followed by a discussion of the causes of RF. There is a section dedicated to the pathophysiology of RF ...

Why does she have bacteria and white blood cell casts in her urine?

In this case, Ms, Cornwall has focal bacterial infection of her calyces, medulla and renal pelvis. The presence of these bacterial and their invasion within the mentioned parts causes a body response to defend against the invasion. This occurs though a trigger of the inflammatory mediators and other body defense mechanism in this case the white blood cells. With the white blood cells now dominating the region of infection, there occurs a systematic abscess formation and necrosis within the medulla (Alexander et al., 2012). At this point, the next step that could occur is the scar tissue formation which ...

Mucor

Mucor is a type of fungal infection that caused by mold which is commonly found in plants, decaying fruits and vegetables, soil, manure and toxin of stored food. Mucor mainly effects the immunity compromised individuals and effects sinuses and lungs as it is usually inhaled during the breathing process. Fungus incorporates about 50 species some of them are prone to high temperatures and hence, they can cause infections mainly known as zygomycosis or mucormycosis. According to CDC (2015), mucormycosis effects the immunity comprised people at a higher pace and due to its contact with human body via inhalation, cut, ...

Amongst the major infectious diseases, hepatitis is one of the most important diseases affecting a huge number of populations worldwide. Hepatitis is majorly caused by virus or other contributors to the inflammation of liver. It can be infectious or non-infectious. It is a big concern to deal with the disease as it is responsible for taking huge tolls of life with its remarkable symptoms in function loss of the liver due to factors like liver scarring (cirrhosis) or liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma) in extreme cases (NHS, 2016). Viral hepatitis is considered to be the cause of hepatitis occurrence in ...

According to Lara (2011), asthma is a lifelong illness that is characterized by aspects involving wheezing, coughing, and irritations. In this instance, the ailment is caused by the inflammation of the bronchi located in an individual’s lungs. Upon inflammation, the airways become blocked and thereby leading to increased difficulty in breathing. Asthma is deadly, owing to the increasing prevalence of the illness among both the adult and children population. Asthma is identified as one of the most chronic illnesses affecting children, approximately 6.3 million individuals (CDC, 2011). In this regards, almost 24% of children ranging from 5 to ...

Introduction

Air pollution is one of the biggest environmental problems that the world is facing. With the carbon and greenhouse gas emissions in both developed and developing countries showing no signs of slowing down, one can only assume that the levels of air pollution would only get worse as time passes. What makes this environmental issue so important is the fact that humans breathe air, particularly oxygen, in order to survive. Without clean and safely breathable air, people become at risk of developing serious medical conditions, especially ones that damage and deteriorate the respiratory system.
Air can be contaminated in ...

Discuss the therapeutic effects of Ultrasound in the treatment of a tennis elbow soft tissue injury

Introduction
The ultrasound is used as a treatment for soft tissue injuries using sound waves that are beyond the range of normal hearing. An ultrasound consists of inaudible high frequency mechanical vibrations (Gibbs, Cole and Sassano, 2009) which are created upon the conversion of electrical energy into acoustic energy through mechanical deformation of the piezoelectric crystal which lies within the transducer (Rheumatology, 2011). Therapeutic ultrasound uses a frequency between 0.75 and 3 MHz (Knight, Knight and Draper, 2013) for heating deeper and superficial tissues. Low frequency ultrasound at 1 Mhz is absorbed by tissues up to 3 to 5 cm ...

Introduction on Osteoarthritis

Being the most common type of joint disease, osteoarthritis affects up to 20 million persons in the United States. This joint inflammation results from degeneration of cartilage whose causes range from aging, injury from trauma or disease to obesity. Pain in the affected joints on repetitive use is the most common symptom of osteoarthritis. In essence therefore, the goal to the treatment and management of osteoarthritis is to eliminate inflammation and joint pain while maintaining and improving the function of the joints. Non-pharmacologic interventions in place include unloading certain joints, occupational therapy, physical therapy, weight loss, exercise, heat and ...

{Author Name [first-name middle-name-initials last-name]}
{Institution Affiliation [name of Author’s institute]}
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder related to Central Nervous System; it affects brain and spinal cord. Primary MS symptoms include tingling, weakness, numbness, and hazy vision. While some other signs are linked to thinking problems, muscular stiffness, body balancing during walk and urinary problems.
Multiple sclerosis is manifested morphologically by inflammation and primary demyelination of neurons. The dispersed inflammatory lesions are distinguished by immense permeation of varied cellular mediators of the immune system that includes T and B cells, macrophages and microglia. ...

Psoriasis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease are two of the most prevalent types of immune disorders. Being diseases of the immune system, both diseases have similarities and, of course, striking differences. Reviewing both of their pathophysiology, incidences of occurrence and maladaptive responses may help us understand how these two immune disorders manifest their symptoms and affect the human body.
Psoriasis is considered as the most prevalent autoimmune disorder, particularly the psoriasis vulgaris type (Krueger and Bowcock, 2005). Additionally, the prevalence of psoriasis considerably varies worldwide (Langley, Krueger, and Griffiths, 2005). In USA, an estimated 2% of the population is ...

Why are lipids important?

Lipids are a form of organic molecules, which are categorized together based on their solubility in non-polar solvents. There are four key lipid groups, which include fatty acids, glycerides, nonglyceride lipids and Complex lipids. Lipids are important since they serve different biological functions, which include storage of energy, source of energy, structural components of the cell membrane, adsorption of vitamins, protection, as well as insulation.

Can the body produce essential fatty acids (EFA’s)? If not, how does thebody obtain these needed lipids?

Essential fatty acids (EFAS) include omega-6 also known as linoleic acid and omega-3 also known as alpha-linolenic acid. The body does not produce them, but they are needed and are used to make other fatty ...

Patient medical information

K.A, a 17years old high school gymnast, fall and fracture his left femur several weeks ago. He has been on bed rest in skeletal traction since then, because of painful muscle spasms ,He often refuses to be turn or to move voluntarily.
1) Create a nursing care plan for KA with the above medical conditions.
2) Nursing Diagnosis?

Goals/Expected Outcomes?

Nursing Orders?
3) Define terms of assessment of the musculoskeletal system.

Nursing care plan for patient K. A

The nursing care plan is targeted at managing the muscle spasm and pain experienced by the patient.
Nursing diagnosis for this patient is that of Acute Pain. This ...

Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia. Dementia is a term used to describe a variety of conditions and diseases that occur when the nerve cells in the brain degenerate or function abnormally. The degeneration of neurons results into changes in memory, behavior and cognitive functions. Alzheimer’s disease causes changes that eventually impair the ability of an individual to carry out bodily functions like walking and swallowing. The disease may ultimately lead to death. Early symptoms of the disease include gradual drop in the ability to recall new information. This is due to the disruptions of brain ...

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, relapsing, and debilitating disease that can cause lifetime impairment of the quality of life of the affected individual. Standard management of the disease includes pharmacological therapeutics but these do not work for everyone. Current management of atopic dermatitis focuses on the control of inflammation and infection of the skin and to the avoidance of triggering factors, like irritants and allergens. A strong correlation has been found between food allergies and the development of atopic dermatitis in children, and restricted diets have been found to reduce the risk of AD or modify its symptoms. Severe cases may ...

Health issues

Nearly all the body parts are affected by smoking. Starting from the head all the way down, smoking affects the functioning of these body organs. To begin with, as a person smokes, the smoke passes through the mouth to the other parts of the respiratory system. The mouth is therefore the first organ to be exposed to risk of infection. Cancer of the mouth is one of the most common types of diseases affecting smoking individuals (Anderson 15). This is because the chemicals contained in cigarettes causes the antibodies on the surfaces of the mouth to die. This thus leaves ...

Fear messages have been of importance within the nursing profession over the years and were even responsible for the reduction of the use of substance abuse in communities. Substances abuse is discouraged in many communities owing to their negative effects on the general health of an individual (DiBello, Neighbors, & Ammar, 2015). It is because of these adverse consequences that the nursing and health sector, in general, decided to come up with creative ideas to curb the menace. One of the commonly used strategies in this field is the formulation of fear messages to scare away the drug users from ...

The study of drugs and their interaction in human bodies is called pharmacology, and comes from pharmakon, a Greek word meaning drug or medicine and logy meaning a study of. In other words, pharmacology can also be termed as a study of either drugs or medicine, and examines their origin, their nature, their reactions in the body as well as side effects (Turley, 2003). The discussion hereunder will focus on different types of drugs that are used to relieve pain, their mechanism as well as their side effects.

Types of drugs used to relieve pain ((Turley, 2003)

Over-the-counter (OTC): These are drugs used to relieve pain, and ...

[Author Name]
[Author Affiliation]
[Author’s notes with more information about affiliations, financial obligations, conflicts of interest and how to contact]
It has been estimated that 26 million Americans suffer from asthma symptoms, attributing to the majority of work- and school-related absences across the country (ACAAI, 2014). The American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology defines asthma as, “a chronic lung disease that inflames and narrows the airways in the lungs” (ACAAI, 20014). This causes difficulty in breathing, termed asthma, and may lead to life-threatening consequences. The lungs allow air in and out by a network of airways, called ...

Seminar: Inflammatory and Immune Mechanisms in Lymphatic Vascular Disease

The YouTube video presented by David Zawieja, talks about immune and inflammatory mechanisms that occur in Lymphatic Vascular diseases. The lymphatic system has a significant role in various essential mechanisms inside the body such as edema resolution, fluid and macromolecular homeostasis, inflammation and antigen trafficking. The primary of the Lymphatic function involves the transportation of Lymphatic substances from the interstitial spaces between the tissues via lymphatic capillary network and nodes that terminate into the venous blood inside the veins. The most significant segment of the lymphatic function is the flow of lymph through multiple nodes. The immune cells like ...

An Assignment Submitted by

Asthma is a disease affecting the lungs. Because of asthma the lung tissues become inflamed and narrowed, and this influences the breathing process of the patient. They feel chest tightness, shortness of breath, wheezing and coughing at night or at early morning. Usually the symptoms of chronic asthma are being observed from childhood, but the disease can affect all age groups and reveal itself in adulthood as well. Asthma is a long-term disease.
In most of the cases the inflamed airways react to a specific allergen coming from the environment such as pollen, dust or smoke. In order to ...

Coursename
Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a disorder which was first described in 1967. It is one of the most severe and dangerous respiratory system disorders, which is still despite advances of the modern medicine, is associated with high mortality. It may be caused by direct (pneumonia, aspiration, toxic substances inhalation) or indirect lung injury (severe hemorrhage, burns, sepsis, trauma, blood transfusions) (York and Kane 153-158).
Under the influence of the above-written factors in the pulmonary capillaries and interstitial lung tissue accumulates a large number of activated leukocytes and platelets that secrete many biologically active substances. These substances include ...

Assignment 2

PART A - (Total 15 marks)

Cephalexin and Gentamicin
The mechanism of action of amoxicillin is focused on the prevention of the synthesis of the bacteria’s cell wall through the binding and inhibiting of the cell wall transpeptidases (Katzung, Masters, and Trevor, 2012). Specifically, it attaches to the penicillin-binding protein 1A found in the cell wall of bacteria. Then, the agent disintegrates the lactam ring to allow the acylation of the penicillin-sensitive transpeptidase C-terminal domain. The formation of the cross-link of the linear peptidoglycan strands is prevented by the inactivation of transpeptidases. Since the third and last stage ...

Introduction

Research in lung cancer treatment can save lives and improve a patient’s quality of life. There are three main types of lung cancer: Non-small cell, small cell, and lung carcinoid cancer. Non-small cell lung cancer, such as Squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma make up about 85% of all lung cancers (Molina, Yang, Cassivi, Schild, & Adjei, 2008). Both environmental and genetic factors are significant in the cause of lung cancer. Chronic exposure to carcinogens, ionizing radiation, and viral infections can lead to alterations of the DNA in tissue lining the bronchial epithelium of the lungs. Furthermore, ...

Upper respiratory disease is a term that encompasses acute infections ranging from the benign common cold to life-threatening conditions (e.g., epiglottitis). Cases of upper respiratory disease are easy to recognize because the patients will complain about the following symptoms (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2016):

Runny nose (always)

Sore throat (always)
Coughing (common, usually in cases of viral etiology)
Sneezing (common, usually in cases of viral etiology)
Other symptoms depend on the patient’s age, medical history, and the pathogen causing the infection, so it is important to conduct a thorough assessment which consists of the following steps:

Interview the patient.

Perform ...

Introduction

The recent years have seen the explosion of both fad and health-based diets in most contemporary societies as people become increasingly health-conscious. Among these diets is the gluten-free diet which has risen in popularity over the last two decades due to the surge in the prevalence of both celiac disease and gluten sensitivity disorders. A gluten-free diet is a type of diet that eliminates any foods that contain the protein gluten, which naturally occurs in wheat, rye, and barley (Cheezburger Incorporation). Other grains that contain gluten include Kamut, oat, spelt, and trificale. Traditionally, physicians recommended this diet for patients ...

Sleep apnea is a sleeping disorder associated with breathing pauses. Multiple shallow breaths during breathing characterize it. Visible indication of a person with sleep apnea is the loud choking sound produced. Two types of the disorder that are common are obstructive sleep apnea and central sleep apnea. Obstructive sleep apnea occurs when there is a relaxation of the throat muscles. Central apnea, however, is associated with failure of the brain to send desired signals to the muscles hence hindering breathing system (Sleep Apnea 7).
Continuous positive airway pressure therapy is a kind of therapy where a machine is used ...

Acute bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchi while pneumonia is an infection that causes the inflammation of one or both of the lung tissue. Both respiratory diseases have similar manifestations such as cough with sputum production, muscle aches and fatigue.
According to the FDA, 300,000 adults age 50 and above are hospitalized every year due to pneumococcal pneumonia (Sagon, 2012). A 55 year old suffering from pneumonia would have signs and symptoms such as cough which can be dry or productive (green or yellow sputum, occasionally rust colored), sudden onset of fever with temperature greater than 380C, chills ...

Endless pain is a noteworthy general wellbeing issue in the United States. One in four Americans, or 116 million individuals, have some type of determined agony. Perpetual agony causes gigantic human languishing over its casualties, their families, and society overall. The Institute of Medicine's report evaluated that expenses of giving restorative care and lost profitability because of agony are $560 to $625 billion dollars every year (National Academies Press, 2011). This dollar sum surpassed the joined expenses of coronary illness, diabetes, and disease.The part of the Occupational Therapist (OT) is to offer patients some assistance with improving or keep ...

Introduction 

The client is a football player named Ola. He is 21 years old. He plays in a forward position at Tilbury football club. With a height of 5‘8“, he weighs 73 kg. He prefers to use his left foot while playing. His nationality is Angolan. An average footballer leads an active lifestyle, attending regular sessions of practice combined with 3 to 4 football matches per week. This high-intensity physical activity takes a toll on the muscles and therefore, as a footballer, Ola should follow a balanced diet consisting of high amounts of protein and carbohydrates followed by plenty of fluids and other nutrients ...

Gabapentin is used for treatment of nerve pain in adults which is a result of herpes virus or shingles. It represents an analogue to GABA and is used for treatment of patients (mainly adults) that has partial seizures, or suffers from mixed seizure disorders. It is also used for treatment of refractory partial seizures in children. Thus gabapentin is an effective medication used to treat epilepsy. It is also well-known as anticonvulsant drug. Another sphere where gabapentin can be used is as tricyclic antidepressant.
Moreover, once labeled as antiepileptic drug, gabapentin proved to be effective in treatment of neurotic ...

[University’s name]

Diagnosis, Management and Follow-up of Asthma

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:
According to Kumar, Abbas and Aster (2015), there are various types of asthma classified based on their etiology. Atopic asthma is thought to be caused by a response mounted by T- Helper2 cells and IgE. It is in response to exposure to environmental allergen in a specified group of genetically susceptible individuals. The core pathogenetic mechanism is inflammation of the airway which is brought about by release of inflammatory mediators. The cytokines and mediators that brought and amplify airway inflammation are interleukin-4, interleukin-5 and interleukin-13 which promote mucous secretion from mucus secreting glands in the lining ...

Asthma is a respiratory disorder that affects the respiratory airways. It is characterized by inflammation and subsequent narrowing of the air passages. It leads to episodes of wheezing, coughing, dyspnea and chest tightness. It mostly occurs in the night or in the early morning hours. It may affect people of any age, but commoner in young children. In the United States, there are approximately 25 million asthma patients, out of these, 7 million are children (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 2015).
In this paper we will discuss about a 15 years old boy who is diagnosed with asthma. We ...

VTE Nursing Research

Venous Thromboembolism
Introduction
Venus thromboembolism (VTE) is a condition that includes both pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). DVT commonly occurs when blood clots in deep veins normally in the pelvic veins or in the legs. However, VTE is common any vein in the human body. Patients who develop VTE have a 35% to 65% chance of dying from it. It is important to research on Venus thromboembolism (VTE) because as the third most common cardiovascular disease, it is a leading cause of mortality and mobility worldwide. VTE results from slowing of the blood flow (stasis), damage of ...

The human body comprises of many health complication due to variation, environment, activities and nutritional factors. Human beings are prone to developing some disorders arising from the above mentioned factors at different degrees and extent. The most alarming thing is the increase in incidences of young people being affected by VTE (Amin, 2009). This has necessitated the addressing the issue of VTE to determine why it has become so dreadful to the youths and young generations. Similarly, the paper will discuss the issue of the core measures that have been incorporated in health care and their net effect on ...

A patient Mr. Johan is admitted in a hospital. His major problem is pancreatitis. He is in severe form of pancreatitis. We have to manage his electrolyte imbalance, and there is a need to look after the food and electrolyte effect of the patient.

Introduction:

In Pancreatitis, there is a disturbance in enzymatic secretion of pancreas. Usually trypsin that is used in digestion of food these are actuated in the pancreas. In normal condition, trypsin is activated in the small intestine; it acts as a central role in digestion of nutrient. When it is triggered in the pancreas, it causes inflammation of the pancreas ...

Introduction

Allergy is an immune system disorder. Allergy or allergic reaction is a hypersensitivity to otherwise innocuous substances present in the environment. The allergic reaction is usually a rapid response; however, the sensitivity to certain allergens can be acquired over a period. It was previously called the type one hypersensitivity. It is characterized by an over activation of leucocytes, called the mast cells and the basophils following activation of immunoglobulin E (IgE) (Frigas, Gleich 1986). This activation of the basophiles and mast cells triggers an inflammatory response.

Pathophysiology of the allergic response

The type 1 hypersensitivity reaction is initiated when an allergen is introduced to the atopic individual, ...

Lipids are a group of structurally diverse hydrophobic compounds that are not very soluble in water. Cholesterol is a common lipid that can be obtained from the diet and is synthesized in most cells of the human body. It is a component of cell membranes, maintains membrane fluidity, and acts as the precursor of other important biological compounds such as steroid hormones and bile salts (Smith, Marks, and Lieberman 54, 163).
High concentrations of cholesterol in the blood can cause accumulation of fatty deposits on arterial walls that can lead to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, which are associated with heart ...