Ischemia College Essays Samples For Students

Myocardial ischemia or cardiac ischemia is the decrease of blood flow, and thus oxygen supply, in the heart due to partial or complete blockage of the heart’s arteries. Its effects range from damage of the heart muscle (heart failure), to heart attack (myocardial infarction), and to abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmia). Symptoms of myocardial ischemia may not appear (silent ischemia), or may be characterized by chest pressure or pain (angina pectoris), neck or jaw pains, shoulder or arm pains, fast heartbeat, shortness of breath, and nausea and vomiting.
Myocardial ischemia may occur slowly as arteries become blocked over ...

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Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT scintigraphy) utilizes nuclear medicine along with gamma rays to get three-dimensional images (NLM, n.d.) of an internal part of the body such as heart with an objective of diagnosing a problem.

SPECT

In SPECT, a gamma-emitting radioisotope is administered into the bloodstream of a patient with the help of injection (Boyd, 2014; Hademenos, 1998). The radioisotope is, usually, a simple soluble ion as, for example, isotope of gallium(III) (Sharma, Prior, Belinsky, Kruh, & Piwnica-Worms, 2005; Wadas, Wong, Weisman, & Anderson, 2010). Most often, a marker radioisotope is also bound to a particular ligand ...

Introduction

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) involves peripheral circulation, the brain, and the heart. The disease is a primary health issue in many countries around the world (Sawhney, et al., 2012). CVD develops through complex processes involving novel risk markers and common risk factors. Decades of research have demonstrated that a sibling’s or parent’s family history is linked to the development of atherosclerotic CVD (Gupta et al., 2013; Nelson, 2013; Imes and Lewis, 2014), which manifests as peripheral arterial disorder, stroke, and coronary heart disorder (CHD). Various Mendelian disorders have also been shown to contribute to atherosclerotic CVD. Although ...

Why does she have bacteria and white blood cell casts in her urine?

In this case, Ms, Cornwall has focal bacterial infection of her calyces, medulla and renal pelvis. The presence of these bacterial and their invasion within the mentioned parts causes a body response to defend against the invasion. This occurs though a trigger of the inflammatory mediators and other body defense mechanism in this case the white blood cells. With the white blood cells now dominating the region of infection, there occurs a systematic abscess formation and necrosis within the medulla (Alexander et al., 2012). At this point, the next step that could occur is the scar tissue formation which ...

Heart failure is a pathophysiologic condition characterized by the heart’s inability to generate sufficient cardiac output, resulting in either inefficient tissue perfusion or increase in the diastolic filling pressure of the left ventricle, or both, which lead to increased pulmonary capillary pressure (McCance, Huether, Brashers, & Rote, 2014). Heart failure is a leading cause of death in the US (McCance et al., 2014; Mozaffarian et al., 2015). American Heart Association has estimated that in 2013, cardiovascular diseases were responsible for 30.8% of all deaths in the US, or 222.9 per 100,000 deaths (Mozaffarian et al., 2015). The 2013 ...