Judiciary College Essays Samples For Students

Judicial Independence

The concept of judicial independence is recognized by almost all constitutions of the world and the basic reason behind judicial independence is to keep the judiciary liberated from every kind of influences by executive, legislative or any other force. The Chief Justice of Canada in a recent judgment explained the importance of judicial independence:"Judicial independence is valued, because it serves important societal goals - it is a means to secure those goals. One of these goals is the maintenance of public confidence in the impartiality of the judiciary, which is essential to the effectiveness of the court system. Independence contributes ...

Introduction

This paper analyses two documents touching on legislative powers in the states of New Jersey and Virginia. The New Jersey document is dubbed Patterson’s propositions while the Virginia one goes by the name Randolph’s propositions. The following paragraphs will analyze the differences in the two documents in accordance to content, structure, powers and jurisdiction.
- Structural differences in the plans
The two plans have major structural differences. First, Randolph’s proposition favors the establishment of two branches of national legislature. In his proposition, Randolph asserts that members of the first branch of the national legislature ...

Introduction

Democracy in the United States was meant to give power to the people by creating a separation of powers into three main arms of government. The reason was to create a governance structure in which no single individual or institution of government will override its power and erode the civil liberties of individual Americans. The American democracy was seen as an improvement over the monarchy in Britain and the colonial government the people had experienced. One of the elements of American democracy was the establishment of an independent Supreme Court (head of the Judiciary) that has to be led by independent ...

Dicey was an incredibly important figure in the development of the Rule of Law in contemporary Britain. The Rule of Law, in a modern context, has been developed through many different societies; however, the liberal understanding of the role of government and law in British society today is very much the result of Dicey’s philosophical input. Dicey suggested that individuals cannot be punished in any way unless they have committed some sort of transgression against a law that has been established by the rightful government and Courts in the realm. Dicey also suggested that an important characteristic of the Rule ...

Compare and contrast the Virginia and New Jersey plans

Virginia delegates who agitated for a bicameral legislative came with the idea of the Virginia plan. James madison conscripted the plan at the moment he was waiting for the quorum to gather at the constitutional agreement of 1787. Virginia plan was known for setting the itinerary of the debate during the concord and more so for setting the idea of populace weighted depiction in the suggested national assembly. Virginia governor, Edmund Randolph officially presented the plan on 29th may after it was drafted. The plan was presented into categories of 15 resolutions. William Peterson made the proposal of the New ...

Question one: Discuss how and to what extent the U.S. Constitution governs and affects the intergovernmental relations in The United States of America. Discuss the tensions and conflicts between the levels of government
The Constitution of the United States of America indeed contemplates three tiers of government under the federal system. The federal system of governance is informed by the need to have different centers of power sharing governance of the same regions and persons. In that respect, it was essential for the Constitution to stipulate the relations between the government levels. The Constitution in as much as ...

The powers of the judiciary are limited subject to a number of constitutional provisions. This section seeks to explain the various judicial constrains and the effects thereof.

Political restraints-

In the event that a decision is deemed to be wrong or to a large extent unconstitutional, the its expected that there are quite some remedies that limit the power of the judiciary on that particular matter. Some of the remedies include:

Bringing an alternative case which is believed to have a higher probability of alternative treatment

Amending the sections of the constitutions such as 11th,14th ,16th and even 26th amendments
The executive also have the option of appointing a judge who would be in agreement with them.
...

Introduction

American founding fathers were brave, noble and great as they pioneered the drafting of the America Constitution. America government has over the years suffered from a series of problems that proves the need for a new constitution. There is the urgent need for amending the constitution while maintaining its legal, ethical, and moral structure. Over 224 years since the ratification of the America Constitution, several amendments have emerged, and only 27 of these changes were approved and included in the constitution. Depending on the challenges faced in the 21st century ranging from corruption and poor leadership the constitution should ...

The syllabus was fully covered and understood well. For instance, everything was clear and students captured all the fundamental concepts required in heal science. Ideally, the course requirements were met because everything was covered and there is no difficulty in any of the covered topics. Therefore, the class was good and deserves credit. Furthermore, the students enjoyed the learning. Ideally, the students liked everything about the course. In short, the studies were nice as the learning process realized its objectives.

Reaction notes

The three arms of government comprise of the legislature, executive, and judiciary. The House of Representatives and the Senate ...

Summary

Alvarez (2012, p. 1) article provides an argument on remaking of the Florida Supreme Court. Republicans are the ones who have campaigned for the removal of the three state Supreme Court justices by voters (Alvarez, 2012, p. 1). This move is aimed at ensuring that the Legislature has more power than the Supreme Court in terms of judicial rules and appointment procedures. This issue of remaking of Florida’s Supreme Court is regarded as a politically divisive matter, which Florida is experiencing currently. “President Obama’s health care law” (Alvarez, 2012, p. 1), was the foundation of political divisions in ...

During June, 1787 thirteen states of the Confederate in America came together to form the federal government of United States. Virginia and New Jersey plans were presented at the Constitutional Convention to discuss the roles of National Legislature, Executive and Judiciary in the United States Congress. While the Virginia plan details out the structure of the federal government, New Jersey plan talks about the powers of the government. Virginia plan is clearer in the number, mode of election of representatives and their roles.
Virginia plan has information about three branches of government at federal level- Legislature, Executive and ...

How the constitution provides for a system of separation of powers and checks and balances

The topic on the separation of powers and how the various arms of governments offer checks and balances on each other has evolved into a topic of concern across various settings all over the globe. Nonetheless, it is essential to note that the United States Constitution clearly stipulates on how the three arms of government relate with each other. To be precise, the United States Constitution dictates that the national government is divided into three branches. These branches include the judiciary, legislature, and the executive (Flynn, 2009). While it is true that these arms of government may appear to be ...

Introduction

The United States of America is a federal government. In that aspect, the Constitution anticipates the sharing of power between the states and the national government. Ideally, that is what informed the Federalists spirit towards the creation of the United States of America. This paper is based on the federalism envisaged by the United States Constitution.
U.S. Constitution governing and affecting intergovernmental relations
The United States Constitution expressly provide for the precedence that ought to take place in cases of clashes between the national and state government. According to the Constitutional supremacy clause, the Federal Government is given ...

Essay outline

The United States government is a model federal government composed of fifty states and one capitol.

The first United States government was composed in 1789 making it one of the earliest governments in a constitutional country.

The legislature
The people have the right to elect the leaders that they want to legislative offices.
House of Representatives
This house is made up of 435 members with voting rights. Each member represents a congressional district.

The judiciary

This is an important department that interprets the law and applies it.
The executive
The executive is comprised of the president and cabinet secretaries.
Challenges
The resistance to changes that are brought about by democracy
Onset of international bodies that ...

Introduction

The two cases are celebrated for the framework they laid in terms of tackling issues dealing with the constitutionality of laws. The case laws provide fine and tenuous precedents that effectively and predictably provided the justices of the Supreme Court to give direction on the interpretation of the law. The first case, Marbury vs. Madison essentially shows the central role of judicial review in light of exercise of power by the executive as vested by the constitution and other written laws. On the other hand, McCulloch vs. Maryland lays the foundation that would be applied in interpretation of the ...

In American politics, the association between Congress and the President has been, as one would expect where there is a division of powers, challenging. The Founding Fathers developed a system of checks and balances as the foundation on which the States ratified the American Constitution. As a result, and with one branch of the government writing laws and determining budgets that another branch has to execute and spend respectively, an inherent tension has defined the American government. Now, every President seeks to influence policies. After elections, a country’s President is at liberty to bring his or her goals ...

Leadership in Action

The judiciary is one of the most important arms in a free and democratic society and in many states, its duties are well outlined in the constitutions. By structure, almost all constitutions design it as an independent body and operate within the requirements of the principle of separation of powers (Forsyth, 2015). A strong public image and reputation are crucial in the dispensation of its duty, and the decisions made culminate into a lasting effect on individuals and society. For instance, it could define public policy. Considering its significance, an incompetent and misleading system could produce far-reaching implications in ...

Pros and Cons of the Notwithstanding Clause

The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms contains the notwithstanding clause. This clause has been a major talking point in Canadian politics. This is because the notwithstanding clause gives power to the provincial legislatures or the parliament to override certain portions of the rest of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Morton (2002) notes that this clause is also controversial in any instances such that there is a valid argument against its application when used and, on the other hand, its use seems unavoidable. This paper discusses the pros and cons of using this clause.

Pros

In the entrenchment of the ...

Virginia and New Jersey Plans

Virginia Plan

The Virginia Plan recommended a National Legislature consisting two branches. That the members to constitute the first branch be elected by the people for a term of three years, that those members be disqualified from taking up other state offices or any offices under the authority of the United States that were not related to their legislative functions and the ban be extended to one year after the expiry of their legislative term. The second legislative branch be chosen by individual legislatures, occupants be of the age of 30 years and above, and serve in their legislative capacities for a ...

I. Introduction
Comparing the criminal justice system of two or more countries can lead to valuable insight of your home nation as well as the nation(s) used in comparison. This short paper looks at the similarities and differences between the criminal justice systems of France and the United States. The hope is that it will provide a deeper understanding of how civil and common law systems approach the investigation and adjudication of crime.
II. Court Structure
No criminal justice system could exist without courts. Courts are the main institution involved in the legal settlement of criminal ...

U.S. Supreme Court
U.S. Supreme Court

Introduction

As in the all modern democracies, the governance in the USA is based on the principle of separation of powers. There are three branches of power, namely legislative, executive and judiciary. Due to the fact that the USA is a federal state, separate judicial systems function at the federal and state levels. According to the information, presented at the official website of the U.S. judiciary, the federal judiciary is comprised of such courts as district (trial) courts, which function within the limits, set by the Constitution of the U.S. and the Congress, appellate ...

Question 1

The US is a federal constitutional republic consisting of fifty states under the leadership of the president. Certain amount of power is disseminated from the national government to the lower levels of government that are in every single state. Basic documents play a domineering role in describing the political system of the US. Since the declaration of independence in 1776 that declared the US to be a politically autonomous unit and the constitution founded in 1789 that led to the adoption of a federal government, the US political model has greatly transformed and acquired a face that is totally different from the political models ...

Essay one: The doctrine of federalism and how it is implemented in American political system

Federalism is a concept of government which allows for sovereignty to be divided between two political units. The concept of federalism adopted in the United States divides not only sovereignty, but also political power between the federal and state governments. This means that depending on the subject matter, each government has a measure of independence from each other despite sharing territorial authority. Where the two levels have concurrent powers, the local and federal governments have to negotiate in order to come up with policies and solutions that are in the interest of the people. It is cardinal to note that a country ...

In the 4th Century BC, Aristotle clearly stated that for a government to have an effective constitution, it must have in place three basic elements. These are a public assembly, various officers of the state and lastly a judicial department. One of the most famous quotes of John Adams is ‘power must never be trusted without a check’. This may be said to mean that in instances that an individual or an institution which is tasked with the authority to rule over a people should never be given the absolute authority to have the absolute authority. Institutions checking on ...

The US Constitution was born amidst the uncertainty and the instability that the Articles of Confederation could not correct. In crafting the set of “institutional arrangements of government” (Lowi et al 2015, p. 40), which was believed to result in the strengthening the union of the various states that the Articles were not able to do, the framers had to tread a delicate balance between state independence and federal government power. Their deliberation of the document was largely underpinned by lessons from past historic experiences that underscored the weaknesses of the Articles. In crafting the Constitution, there were several ...

Constitutions define principles guarding a society or suggest a political goal that a society envisions to achieve. Constitutions are more than a platform where structure; authority and responsibility of government institutions are defined (Krasner 87). They also portray essential political, economic and power relations by the culture, values and interest of the group that created it. Also, the events of the period in which the document was written contributed enormously to its content. Definition of the relationship between those in government and the citizens is also available in the Constitution and the limit of their practices clearly defined. This ...

Structure

Both the Virginia and New Jersey Plans are similar in terms of proposing a federal government for the United States (US) divided into the executive, legislative and judicial branches. However, both the Virginia and New Jersey Plans differ from one another in terms of power distribution. Greater legislative power is promoted by the Virginia Plan, which plans to delegate executive and judicial appointments to the legislature. Proponents of the New Jersey Plan, however, recommended a more balanced power distribution by enabling the legislature to appoint officials to the executive branch, which in turn would appoint officials to the judiciary. Moreover, both ...

For nearly ten years the Articles of the Confederation had been in effect as the first agreement among the thirteen States since their independence from Britain. After that, it became evident that a new document for dictating how the new country should be organized had to be made. It was James Madison who presented a draft for a new government structure, aimed to give more power to a federal authority. The coalition that backed this draft was formed mostly by people from the State of Virginia, so it came to be known as the Virginia Plan.
The most important feature of this ...

The government of the United States has three branches, the Executive, the Legislative, and the Judiciary. The first is the Executive branch. The President of the United States operates in the Executive branch, together with around 5 million other workers. The Executive branch implements the laws that are made in Congress.
The second branch is called the Legislative branch. It consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate is the workplace for 100 senators who come from each state, each having two representatives. The House of Representatives, on the other hand, has 435 representatives. The ...

In the United States, there are fifty-one different court systems. While the majority of these systems are similar to one another in regards to their structure, several standout as being particularly unique. The Texas court system, which has a bifurcated appellate level; overlapping jurisdiction and over five levels of courts, is one of the nation’s most distinctive systems.
The unified Texas court system was established in 1836 following the Texas Revolution that freed the Texas colonies from the sovereignty of Mexico. Under the newly promulgated constitution of the Republic of Texas, a court system based in Anglo-American common law ...

Brief summary of the article: Senatorial Discourtesy: The Senator’s use of Delay to Shape the Federal Judiciary by Lauren Cohen Bell.
Over the years, legislators have employed delay as tactical measure to prevent the passage and enactment of unsatisfactory laws. The same tool is employed by the Senatorial Judiciary Committee to delay the confirmation of judges who have been nominated by the President to serve as federal judges in various capacities in the judiciary docket; a trend that has affected efficiency and performance of the judiciary in executing its responsibilities. In the analysis, the author articulates that there ...

The United States of America is arguably one of the most complicated political systems. The federalist system essentially concentrates power and political leadership in two spheres. In essence, this creates two centers of power. This complicated structure has found its influence even in the judiciary. At the federal level, the appointment of the judges is a prerogative of the presidential albeit with the sanction of the Senate. However, with recent removal of the filibuster in the Senatorial voting rules, it can as well be argued that the presidency retains absolute control on the appointment of the federal judges. This paper ...

Hong Kong is led by an executive-led political structure headed by the chief executive. According to Article 43 (1) the chief executive heads the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and represents the region. The chief executive is quite powerful, and some of the powers entrusted to him include issuing executive orders and appointing principal officials. As a result, the executive branch of the Hong Kong government exercises greater powers than the two other main branches of Hong Kong’s political structure (the legislative council and the judiciary). The Chinese like this description probably because the chief executive is directly responsible ...

Marbury v. Madison (1803)
Marbury v. Madison is a case that is used as a reference in most jurisprudence due to how it was able to arbitrate on constitutional issues. In the period preceding this case the president, John Adams, had nominated John Marshall for the position of Chief Justice. This was following the resignation of Oliver Ellsworth due to health reasons. The president had initially tried to bring back John Jay who had been Chief Justice before but he declined the appointment by the president citing his old age. Marshall was a staunch federalist and had been serving as the ...

Abstract

This paper assesses the manner in which laws are made/enforced in the UK and Germany, including the identification of similarities and differences. It includes a discussion about the nature of laws in both countries, coupled by a detailed discussion of the law-making processes. The paper holds that Germany’s system encourages collaboration among different agencies, while the federal system allows the individual law enforcement forces to be more robust and efficient. On the other hand, the UK system’s strength lies in the long-established common law system as well as centuries’ old administrative systems (including the crown), which make law-making and ...

The difference between Civil Law and Common Law is that Civil Law is governed by statute, and Common Law evolved over the course of millennia from judicial tradition, earlier legal codes, tribal laws and mores and written and oral traditions. Common law is derived from customs and civil law by statutes. Under Civil Law, the main source of the law is legislation and under Common Law, prior judicial decisions are the determinant. In the United Kingdom, Common Law is the general standard and predominant form of justice and court proceedings. There is a body of Civil law as well it ...

1. Discuss Bonneau's findings in What Price Justice?

In "What Price Justice(s)? Understanding Campaign Spending in State Supreme Court Elections," Chris W. Bonneau discusses campaign spending for elections to State Supreme Court, indicating the varying factors that lead to the often wildly different spending budgets for each of these candidates. Depending on the campaign, state supreme court races will often involve a lot of campaign spending, given the circumstances. Bonneau's study is conducted to determine what exactly fuels this campaign spending for these positions.

In his findings, Bonneau determines that "state supreme court campaign spending is driven by ...

1. Citing class discussion and course readings, please critique the following passage: Our analysis suggests that democracies are more likely to be sensitive to the costs of terrorist attacks, to grant concessions to terrorists so as to limit future attacks, to be constrained in the ability to pursue a lengthy attritional campaign against an organization, but also to be under a greater pressure to do something
Terrorism as we know it is a tactic, a tactic used by marginalized and disenfranchised groups to attempt to claw back some of the rights that they have lost or to try and ...

The principle of separation of powers is one of the oldest at common law, having been enunciated by John Locke in his Constitutional theory. In his treatise, Civil Government, he argued that it would be a wrong for the same person to have law making powers and the powers to execute the same law. According to him, such powers were vested in the same institution or group of persons, there would be a great temptation of such individuals to use such powers to their own benefit and also to exempt themselves from their application. This principle was later modified ...

Golub, Mark. "Plessy as "Passing": Judicial Responses to Ambiguously Raced Bodies in Plessy v. Ferguson." Law & Society Review, 39, no. 3 (2005): 563-600.

Synopsis

Homer Plessy’s decision to purchase a ticket as a white man, and to later confess that he is indeed black, was part of “a test case” conducted by the Creole community of New Orleans. As per the terms of the Louisiana Separate Car Act of 1890, Caucasians and persons of African descent were subject to traveling in different railway cars to serve the purposes of racial segregation. In the article, Golub quotes Plessy’ ...

Increasing campaigns finance and related laws and regulations are indicative of the fact that there is an involvement of wealthy contributors who are exerting their impact on politics. Wealthy person, however, contribute more as compared to an individual whose resources are limited. The same process is found in judiciary, as wealthy individuals are influencing judiciary, and not letting it to make fair decisions as expected from judiciary. Money is exerting its influence on judicial matters as well as on judicial decisions. Strength of this paper is that it mentioned the facts that there should be no involvement of money ...

Juvenile offenders continue to make the news with their delinquent behaviors that are often disturbing to the natural balance of the order of the society. There is a growing concern with the number of juvenile crimes that is committed in the society at present and that the measures that are currently in place appear to be ineffective. Juveniles commit serious crimes that warrant greater punishment that the judiciary system metes out to these children. But advocates on children rights would argue that juveniles are not mentally developed to deal with the punishment that would suit the crimes that they ...

Introduction

The term “unlawful conduct” is used to refer to as the conduct that is general forbidden by law. It includes all actions that go against the law. Many aspects of Civil and criminal law also fall within unlawful conduct (Martin, 2001). Criminal law includes all actions that the law has defined illegal. A guilty person in a criminal law gets punished in either a fine, jail term or other forms of penalties. Civil law on the other hand deals with actions of disagreements between people/citizens. In civil law, there is no particular crime that is committed. A defendant who ...

Checks and balances refer to the regulation of the exercise of power among the arms of government such that no arm of government abuses the exercise of its authority without remedy for the likely harm done. The remedy for the excesses of one arm of government lies in the two remaining arms. Checks and balances can be seen to be operating when the judiciary decides on the validity of a law created by the legislature. Additionally, the vetoing of a bill from the legislature by a governor due to a defect demonstrates the operation of checks and balances. Checks and balances can also ...

Structural Differences

Both the Virginia and the New Jersey Plans advocated for a tripartite branch division of the federal government of the United States (US) – executive, legislative and judicial. However, the Virginia and the New Jersey Plans differed from one another in the foregoing aspect. The Virginia Plan, presenting a more powerful legislative branch, outlined a plan to appoint people in the executive and judicial branches through motions authorized by the legislature. The New Jersey Plan, on the other hand, suggested that the legislature arrange executive appointments and the executive branch select judicial appointments, particularly the Supreme Court justices.
The proposed legislative structures ...

The State of Texas has had several constitutions through its history, all of them were product of specific historical contexts. It has kept, however, many of the original provisions proposed in the first draft, even some that would conflict with our national Constitution. It is considered to be a long and poorly organized document, where responsibilities are not clearly defined and that is difficult to interpret . It is also very restrictive and has many unenforceable provisions known as deadwood, that have been tried to be modified in several occasions .
The Texas Constitution includes features that are very similar of ...

The State of Texas has had several constitutions through its history. It has kept, however, many of its original provisions, even some that would conflict with our national Constitution. It is considered to be a long and poorly organized document, where responsibilities are not clearly defined and that is difficult to interpret. It is also very restrictive and has many unenforceable provisions known as deadwood.
The Texas Constitution includes features that are very similar of those found in the national Constitution. The powers are separated in executive, legislative and judiciary branches, and there are provisions that limit the government ...

[Author][Professor][Subject][Date of Submission]

Government systems are diverse. It differs from country to country. The United States federal government for example went through a long history before it masters its systems. Like any other countries, America was devastated in a Civil War in 1861-1865. There are several reasons for the war and it includes the plight for secession of other states and the struggle for rights. After the Civil War was America’s rise to becoming a colonial country and it colonized fifteen countries in the west to the far-east. The government system is based on the shortest constitution with a ...

What it takes to become a judge in the United States

Becoming a judge in the United States does not occur spontaneously, nor in isolation. Instead, individuals wishing to become judges take a systematic path. Notably, various state courts have set the minimum age and length of practice that an individual takes prior becoming a judge. However, there is the need to comprehend with the fact that the constitution of the United States does not clearly articulate on the specific qualifications for judgeship. While it may seem practical for judges to possess a degree in law, it is of the essence to note that the Constitution does not require judges to possess one. Even ...

Role or Lawyers

Arguably, lawyers have and continue to play various roles in the modern word that is marred with conflicts. The primary role of a lawyer it to litigate conflicts involving various parties. On another note, it is of the essence to note that law is closely intertwined with various aspects of the society. This calls for professional help at times when interpretation of such laws has become challenging. In fact, there are various complexities regarding the law, which call for professional assistance. It is also at such times, when lawyers become overly important in that they offer such professional help. While ...

Kettl D.F. (2014) notes some barriers that hinder the judiciary, the executive, and the president from carrying out their mandates effectively on the role of public oversight. Most of the actions have a regulation body from which guidelines are drawn. If the regulation agencies, be it the judiciary or other government sponsored bodies receive insufficient resources in terms of funds, human resource, machinery, among others, they are incapacitated such that their role remain below the exceptions. It is worth noting that the availability of resource guarantees the proper outcome. If the government and judiciary allocate insufficient resources to the agencies, ...

The government of the United Kingdom is composed of three branches. The three branches are the executive, the legislature and the judiciary. The nexus of these three branches of government lies in their positions vis a vis the law. The legislature is tasked with formulating the laws, the executive with executing the law and the judiciary with the task of interpreting the law. This submission will be seeking to dwell on the Judiciary’s function of interpreting the law. The submission will be specifically focusing on the various approaches, rules and other assistance which members of the judiciary use when ...

In drafting the constitution various powerful negations took place to help the prosperous government in making a decision. It was difficult to ascertain whether the government was going to gave legislature that depended on population or each state should be given equal representation. Similarly, it was hard to decide whether the legislature should have two houses or one. This brought about several options and decision, which was hard for the body. The convention evaluated the New Jersey plan and the Virginia plan, and ended up with the Great compromise. Therefore, the paper will compare and contrast the Virginia plan and ...

Writing assignment

The Virginia and New Jersey are similar in terms of the number of branches of government. Both plans propose three branches namely: the Legislature, the Executive, and the Judiciary. In both plans, the Legislature is supreme, though the extent differs. The plans however differ in terms of the number of houses. The Virginia plan proposes two houses, whereas the New Jersey plan favours one house. In relation to the membership to the houses, the Virginia plan proposes that members of the first house should be elected by citizens in the respective states, and serve for three years.
Members ...

the War on Terror
the War on Terror
The writ of habeas corpus can be literally translated into “you should have the body.” The words “habeas corpus” were the original first words of a writ, or legal action, that was began in Anglo-Saxon common law. This writ was ordered by the king, and used when prisoners were to be moved from an outlining prison to the king’s court to testify (Robertson, 2002). It has evolved, however, into a means for prisoners to challenge their incarceration. Prior to the most recent legal developments in this area, the writ was ...

Government essentially operates in three main branches. These are the executive, the legislature and the judiciary. According to the principle of separation of powers, each of the three branches should be autonomous and independent. An expansive interpretation of the separation of powers doctrine equally suggests that the three branches are independent and equal in status with entirely different roles. However, from the political structure of most governments, it comes out that the legislature is the most powerful branch of government and by that vein, the branches of the government are not autonomous and equal in formation and power. The ...

Weak Chief Executive:

Unlike other US states executives, the Texas constitution has a weak chief executive and its reasons date back to the history of the Texas constitution during Reconstruction phase in 1876. The makers of the constitution distributed the executive powers related to state funds, legal system, education, transportation and other public benefit matters among a number of publicly elected officials such as Comptroller, Attorney General, Land Commissioner, Railroad Commissioner, Agricultural Commissioner etc. Although, the Governor is the chief of the state, chief executive, and commander in chief but constitutionally, he has to share his powers with others. This dispersion of power is ...

Two questions need to be answered

Question one

The Canadian economy has been a success story over the years, even as other economies around the world were hit by recession. The capitalist system has helped raise the GDP and improve the living standards of citizens. A major contribution to this economic success is the labor and business sectors. Canada boasts one of the most affluent labor markets worldwide. The labor unions have a lot of influence on how employers behave and how employees are treated. Therefore, employees in Canada are protected by labor unions and laws. This makes employers to respect employees and pay them sufficiently. This ...

Separation of Powers/Checks and Balances

In the United States, separation of powers between the three branches of the government is clearly defined. The powers of each branch are clearly determined such that no branch can carry out an activity that is supposed to be done by another branch. In addition, the constitution provides that no branch can delegate its powers to another branch (Hargrove, 2000). To facilitate effectiveness of the separation of powers, the constitution requires that individuals cannot serve in more than one branch. For example, an employee in the judiciary cannot at the same time be legislator.
Checks and balances are ...

A constitution is a body of principles which outlines the relationship between the state and the citizens, the rights of citizens, the relationship between part of the state and the relationship between citizens. (Jowell 25) It is usually superior to the ordinary law because it outlines the nature and power of the state and how laws are made. A constitution is an important part of any country’s system of government. Furthermore, it is a contract, the terms and conditions under which individuals elected to office must govern.
Albanian constitution draws a federal system of government; it is based on the ...