Mammals College Essays Samples For Students

After reading the three articles that are featured in the following pages, it is evident that whales originated from a species of terrestrial mammals and that during the process of evolution that began in early Eocene it has lost some of the features of terrestrial mammals and grow features that made it fully adopt to an aquatic habitat.
Thewissen, J.G.M. and Lisa Cooper, John George, Sunil Bajpai. “From Land to Water: the Origin of Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises.” Evolution: Education and Outreach 2.135 (2009). Springer International Publishing, http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12052-009-0135-2/fulltext.html.
Thewissen et al’s article traces the ancestry of the ...

Introduction

An ecosystem is defined as the interaction of the organism and other nonliving factors in a certain community. The living components of an ecosystem, such as plants, animals, and other organisms, can be classified as the biotic component of the ecosystem, whereas the environmental conditions such as water amount, humidity, soil nourishment, temperature, and the like are termed as the abiotic factors. In an ecosystem, both the existing biotic and abiotic factors determine what kind of species live there. For example, turtles, which require a large amount of water to live in cannot possibly hope to survive in arid ...

Introduction

The study explored the homological characteristics of 22 species. The organisms were human, pygmy chimpanzee, common chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan, white-handed gibbon, macaque (Cercopithecine monkey), horse, bison, cat, dog, bird, bat, frog, rattlesnake, alligator, fish, whale, wolf, pig, bacteria, and cow. The species were categorized as mammals, reptiles, birds, fish, or amphibians. However, humans and apes were further classified as primates. Moreover, the research sought to determine whether the species share characteristics that link them to a common ancestor. The research hypothesis was that if the evolutionary path of the 22 organisms were traced, then a common ancestor would be observed.

Universal Genetic Code

The ...

The analysis on reading

In the following paper, I will use my knowledge on biology and finance to provide an argument on the two subjects and their application in life after school. The paper will demonstrate how I had developed skills across several pieces of writing, showing my progress in achieving the learning goals. The analysis shown on this reflective paper will help in understanding how to cope with future life. Additionally, the paper explains the importance of technology in learning and general lifestyle. The following paper is expected to provide an argument of four different papers written during the semester and determine ...

Consciousness is defined as an inner feeling of selfhood and awareness of external objects. The issue of consciousness is widely discussed and researched. The more humans know about the space and the world around, the more they want to know about themselves. Consciousness as a scientific notion is investigated by philosophers, psychologists, physiatrists, biologists etc.
Last time people start thinking of the fact that they are not the only living creatures, which possess consciousness. Mammals, birds, insects demonstrate behavior that can be evaluated as appearance of consciousness. Rene Descartes thought that animals have no soul therefore they cannot posses ...

Birds' surveys are used to give reliable approximate or index of the size of the population of a definite species due to various reasons within a given area (Gitzen 2012). Birds' surveys are often conducted to assess habitats for suitability to support breeding and at times wintering birds species and record incidental bird citing during visits. Special emphasis is often placed on the suitability of the site for given species and due to conservation concerns. After an initial assessment, further surveys may be required for obtaining detailed account of birds species of birds and communities in key habitats areas. The counts ...

The article titled Skin shedding and tissue regeneration in African spiny mice by Ashley W. Seifert, Stephen G. Kiama, Megan G. Seifert, Jacob R. Goheen, Todd M. Palmer and Malcolm Maden was printed in one of the September’s issue of The Nature in 2012.The article is dedicated to African spiny mice and a new feature discovered by the group of scientists. It appears that mice possess skin autonomy. It is the first case of such feature in Mammalia. According to the experiment, scientist tore the mice’s skin to confirm their discovery. After a skin loss, hair follicle regeneration as ...

Charles Darwin published his masterpiece detailing his theory of evolution by natural selection, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life in 1859. Despite the overwhelming consensus of the scientific community, there are still loud and politically active Creationists that insist that the earth is less than 10,000 years old because the Bible says so. However, the Bible never actually states how old the universe or the earth is. Belief that there is a Creator and in the theory of evolution are compatible for followers of ...

1.0 introduction
Thermoregulation is basically temperature regulation. It is a homeostatic process where by the internal temperature of an organism is kept constant within a specific range despite fluctuations in the external temperatures. It is important to note that all homeostatic systems use negative feedback mechanism. This implies that whenever there is a change in external or surrounding temperature of an organism, consequently a corrective mechanism is initiated within or without the organism to counter the change. Not all animals can maintain a constant body temperature; this is possible only for birds and mammals. Such animals are referred to as endotherms or commonly ...

Primates are an order of mammals and while they share characteristics with other mammals, they also have their own identifiers that set them apart. For example, since primates rely more on their vision than their sense of smell, they have shortened snouts (Orzech. “Primate Features”). The fact that they rely so heavily on their sight makes perfect sense when considering that they have forward facing eye orbits which gives them the best position for taking in the most amount of visual stimuli (Orzech, “Primate Features”). Primates also have less teeth than other mammals, they do, however, have specific types ...

Primates can be defined as members of the mammalian order Primates and are divided into two subgroups: the prosimians (lorises, lemurs and tarsiesrs) and anthropoids (human, monkeys and apes). Primates share many different traits and characteristics with other mammals, especially regarding hair, teeth, an ability to remain an internal constant body temperature, brain size and a capability to learn. However, there are also features that make primates distinct from other mammals. For example, in contrast to other mammals, primates remained generalized, which means that they keep some traits of their ancestors that other groups of mammals have lost throughout ...

Whilst the cumulative effects of global warming are as yet uncertain, what is known is that global warming will affect most of the species living on planet Earth, including cetaceans. Cetaceans are whales, dolphins and porpoises, and they inhabit most of the world’s oceans and some freshwater rivers and lakes in the equatorial zone. Evidence gathered over the last twenty to thirty years has shown that changes in the cetaceans’ habitat will impact on their range, behavior and sustainability. If the species is to survive, they must adapt to climate change. The following is a discussion of how ...

Introduction

Evolution is the change animals and species undergo over time to adapt to certain environmental changes and eventually produce multiple descendent species. Evolution and natural selection are often taken as complimentary to each other. However, evolution, by definition, is a historical process of change, while natural selection is merely a mechanism that results in this change. Advances in technology and biology has thrown light on several causes and consequences of evolution. Some of the deepest understandings of evolution come from understanding fossils and examining phylogeny and from the study of natural selection. Evidences suggest that when natural selection is strong, the rate ...

Question2

Isolating mechanisms is the reproductive features which inhibit species from fusing. They are mainly significant in the genetic species concept, whereby species of organisms are distinct by generative isolation, that is, an absence of gene mixture. They include:
- Premating isolating mechanisms – these are aspects that cause species to mate with their own kind (assortative mating), thus prevents the union of gametes to forma zygote. An example is a behavioral isolation technique where prospective mates meet, but select members of their own species.
- Post-mating isolating mechanisms –this involves issues regarding genomic mismatch, sterility hybrid or in-viability which ...

Different organisms occupy different environment, which requires them to adapt to those conditions to ensure their survival. In this sense, there exist vast physical forms between fish and mammals due to their opposing habitats (water and air respectively). However, the main distinguishing characteristic is the structure of their gaseous exchange system.

Fish use water as their respiratory medium. Hence they require an efficient respiratory system. This is because water has less oxygen than air. Fish require a complex respiratory system that will extract oxygen from water. The respiratory system of fish consists of evaginations of epithelium which are known as ...

The temperate climate of South Florida provides a suitable environment for a large variety of plants and animals in the area (Kras, 2009). Its unique water habitat provides a home for many reptiles and other endangered species such as the manatee, the Florida panther and the wood stork. In addition, most of the wading birds are endangered and need to be preserved.

Birds

According to Kras (2009), more than 360 species of birds exist or visit the Everglades. Some of this includes wading birds, of which currently about 90 to 95 percent have disappeared. This is because of construction of dikes and poor ...

Theory questions and answers

Answer to the theory questions.
The phylum without organs includes the phylum porifera and the body symmetry is irregular.
The phylum without cephalization is that of phylum porifera and phylum echinodermata
Not all the organisms on the table have three germs layers. Those without 3 germ layers are phylum cnidarians and phylum porifera
Phylum arthropoda has more species compared to other phyla and few examples include; various subphylum’s such as trilobitomorpha, chelicerata, myriapoda, crustacea, hexapoda. Subphyla chelicerata include those; arachnida, xiphosura, pycnogonida and eurypteridia.
In terms of differences in fishes anatomical structure fishes ...

Summary of the article

Background and perspective
Weaning refers to the gradual replacement of breastfeeding with other foods as well as different methods of nurturing. The weaning process is said to begin the minute the baby takes food from a source other than breast milk. This can be in the form of mashed bananas or formula from a bottle. From a medical point of view, it is important for babies to receive breast milk. It is recommended that for ideal and adequate nutrition, a child needs to be exclusively breastfed for the first six months. Medics also insist that nursing of a baby ...

English 1A

15 March 16

We all have a right to do what we want to under the law, except the prisoners, who are against the law and, therefore, have no freedom. Now just imagine that you did nothing wrong and someone put you in jail as a prisoner and treated you in an inhumane way, what would you feel? Imagine that one day, some scientists made different kinds of experiments on you, what would you feel? Every living thing in our world has feelings, they can suffer from pain, and have emotions. Mammals as a large group of living organisms ...

- The stromal cells that are found in the developing gonads of tetrapods begin from the medulla from the peritoneal wall and the cortex from inter-renal blastema or mesonephric. Hence the gonads have a dual origin.
- Spermatogenesis occurs in a syncytial complex because it involves the formation of sperm from undifferentiated cells that are first attached to rachis. Syncytial cell complex or syncytium result when cells with single nuclei fuse to for a cell with nucleus. Syncytial cell complex is vital in oogenesis in that it assists in the differentiation of cells. One other developmental model is vitellogenesis.
- ...

Oceans and seas seem to be safe from over-exploitation of man. However, research proves that the above statement is not true. I want to argue that the marine ecosystem is not safe from man’s abuse of its resources which leads to the decline of marine mammals such as whales, and dolphins. Whaling is a highly controversial issue amongst the animal rights movements. Because of the decline in the number of marine mammals, whaling is a barbaric deed that must not be tolerated. Marine mammals such as whales are certainly in the brink of extinction (Climate Institute.org, 2014). Commercial whalers and ...

Animal diversity Essay

Fruit bats vs Insect-eaters
Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Chordata Classs: Mammalia Order: chiroptera family: Craseonycteridae Class: Sarcopterygii, Family: (Phyllostomidae)-microbats, Family: (Pteropodidae) –megabats (Glantz & Scordato, 2005).
Bats have been largely used by scientists and taxonomist to track the evolutionary changes among mammals over the years. A study on these animals has served to demonstrate the significant difference between the primitive forms of the mammalian tooth and skull structures. These modifications on various body forms also serve to show the ecological habits that these species occur characterized by nectar feeders, fruit eaters and carnivorous species each having a unique morphological ...

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Introduction
Cloning (biology) is a natural occurrence or reception through multiple genetically identical organisms by asexual (including vegetative) reproduction. The term "cloning" in the same sense and is often used in relation to the cells of multicellular organisms. Cloning is also known as getting a number of identical copies of genetic molecules (molecular cloning). Finally, cloning is also commonly referred biotechnological techniques are used to obtain clones artificial organisms, cells or molecules. A group of genetically identical organisms or cells is a clone.
Cloning is widespread in nature in different organisms. ...

Yoel E Stuart and Jonathan B Losos’ article “Ecological character displacement: glass half full or half empty?” looks into the past notions on Ecological Character Displacement (ECD), and how the notions changed over the years. In addition, they also did a literature review on several past and recent studies. ECD is based on the notion that sympatric species compete for scarce resources; hence, the species that natural selection should favor the species to diverge in the usage of resources and phenotype (Stuart & Losos 402). Over the years, ECD has received both acceptance and rejection from the science community; hence, Stuart ...

Sonar stands for Sound for Navigation and Ranging. It is a technique used in navigation to detect objects underwater. Active sonar is a technique which utilizes sound to locate underwater objects as wells marine animals like whales and fish. The devices that apply the sonar technique are used by marine vessels controlled by the military and other marine users. When marine objects produce sound, the sonar device emits a signal as well as collects echoes from them. This technique imitates the behavior of marine animals while detecting food and enemies among other functions for example the right whales. After the sonar gadget ...

Introduction

Whales pose as important components of the world’s marine ecosystem (NRDC, n.d.). Those stand among the most fascinating mammals; they manifest intelligence akin to that of human intellectual capacity such as linguistic communication, with their distinctive nervous system features credited for such (D’Amato and Chopra, 2010, p.1). Nevertheless, whales face threats to their existence due to incessant hunting activities. While the International Whaling Commission (IWC) sought to ban whaling activities in 1986, countries such as Japan and Iceland have refused to abide due to their own reasons (NRDC, n.d.). Japan ...

A Plan to Protect Equusg grevi

Introduction
The Equus grevi is an endangered species. It is endangered because of destruction of its natural habitat; the semi arid grasslands common in Kenyan national parks and Ethiopian game reserves. The source of this destruction is competition for limited natural resources in form of pasture and water points by neighboring communities. The paper proposes to stop this destruction by finding alternative settlement for neighboring communities.

Background information

The Equus grevi lives in semi arid grasslands which are in Kenya and Ethiopia. This species of zebra can be differentiated from several others by looking at the pattern of the stripes ...

For most of human history the standard attitude towards animals was that they were there to be used as humans saw fit and could even be exterminated or hunted to extinction. In modern times, of course, this has increasingly come to be seen as a highly conservative position, even by those who do not share the animal liberationist position at the opposite extreme—that all sentient beings have equal rights. Human law and custom do grant some rights and protections to animals, such as avoiding needless or gratuitous cruelty, even if they do not extend all of the same rights ...

English and Humanity Essay—what makes us Human?

In the past weeks, I have read different essays, blog posts, and articles about the different sociological as well as paradoxical issues that exist in our society. Throughout the entire time I spent reading and analyzing the different literatures that are somewhat related to humanity, I was able to discover that they could actually be a part of a bigger puzzle that could answer the question “what makes a human a human?” or simply, what the essence of being a human is? That is mainly the question that I am going to answer in this essay paper. I will use my critical thinking to ...

Over a period of 400 million years, animals in the vertebrate category have evolved to a diverse array of life adaptations on earth. Vertebrates represent animals that are most familiar with people and are used for food, adopted as pets and deployed for labor. They include fish, reptiles, birds, amphibians and mammals. The classification system that groups vertebrates according to each of the classes that have been mentioned above utilizes genetics, anatomy, and the evolutionary relationships. Animals are classified starting with the kingdom which is a large body that encompasses animals that have similar characteristics and end up with ...

Dr. Victor Babes and discovery of Babesiosis

Babesiosis also known as piroplasmosis is a tick- borne disease, which is an emerging intra- erythrocytic parasitic infection in human. The parasite first known to affect only cattle but later was found in other mammals as well. The parasite was later found to affect humans as well. The severity of the disease caused by this parasite can range from mild- to moderate- to severe, i.e., causing death by organ failure. Till date approximately 100 species of the Babesia genus has been identified yet only a few has been suggested to be pathogenic in humans. The symptoms more or less ...

Introduction

Seagrass beds are amongst the most productive marine habitats and their wide-ranging distribution. They provide homes and food sources for many marine animals, prevent erosion and provide nurseries for many commercial and recreational fish species. Despite their importance to the environment, seagrass beds are increasingly being decimated by the results of human activities. The destruction of seagrass beds may have serious consequences on the biodiversity of coastal regions and as a consequence, may negatively impact on commercial and recreational fishing, and ultimately all marine species.

Description of Issue

Seagrasses are flowering plants that live in marine and estuarine habitats. They are rooted ...

Rebuttal- other voices

During the pre-industrialization year, testing of new medicines was done on human beings, and it led to the death of many innocent people (Miller 327). As a mechanism to stop these deaths biologists and physicists opted to experiment on mammals such as rodents to come up with suitable medicines for various illnesses. However, as time went by and social movements were formed, animal activists groups emerged. The escalating issue that revolves around fighting for animal rights is argumentative and its course not surely justified. Activists for animal rights insist that animals especially mammals should not be experimented on. The ...

21st of April 2016

This social movement unites people with different points of view on the relationship between humans and animals. Maximalist approach adherents believe that we need to waiver farming, animal husbandry, hunting and other ways of using animals for human needs. The main idea can be expressed through a verbal formula: "Man and animals are equal and therefore have equal rights; to kill animals is just as crime, as to kill a person." However, this theory does not hold out to any criticism, as the idea of equality between men and animals is highly irrational.
Animal protection extremists, or eco-terrorists affect ...

The fish family includes sharks, whales, hagfish, and lungfish among others. Fish are water vertebrates and can exist in both fresh water and salt water depending on their adaptability. All fish are aquatic, and they survive by breathing oxygen that is dissolved in water. The two primary groups of fish include bony fish and cartilaginous fish. The aquatic habitat and environment are what determine the ecological structure of the fish. The entire system in which the fish lives is what is referred to as the fish ecology. Fish thrive well on sea nutrients, which are found at the bottom ...

Sharks are fish; the term refers to a group of around 465 species (Elasmo-research.org).. Scientifically, they are classified in the order Seachimorpha, subclass Elasmobrancii and class Chondrichthyes. Sharks have an exoskeleton composed of cartilage; which makes it flexible and light enough for ease in swimming (Elasmo-research.org).

Size and body structure

They grow to averagely 4.6- 6m long. Due to the large number of shark species, their size vary, ranging from 1 centimeters to as long as 12 meters (Elasmo-research.org).They have 7 gills through which they breathe; the gills are located on both sides of the body. Their teeth are 300 in ...

This paper argues that private property is an enduring than a universal feature of our existence as are other elements such as migration, markets, and the State. Private property is both the cause and result of capital and labour in an individualistic society. This description means that it serves both as the cause and consequence of alienated labor. The form of object ownership is one of the enduring aspects of humanity. Throughout history and ages, humans have acquired and valued objects as well as ideas to advance their existence. This realization shows that property is a vital part of ...

Ans1: Growth is defined as the increase in size and mass of a particular organism over a period of time. It is measured in terms of biomass (mass of the organic material). An organism grows by mitosis. Growth stops after certain age of the organism. Growth is quantitative and measured by taking the measurement of height, weight, size and shape of body organs like brain, etc .
Development is defined as the process of cells differentiation which helps in the development of the body. It adds complexities to the body (such as organ development). Development of the organism is a ...

The current status of our wildlife species has been the focus of may ecological advocacies because of the fact that most of the wildlife is becoming threatened. The main cause of this is due to anthropogenic activities, which includes destruction of habitat by men, hunting, illegal trade and medicinal value. The Animal Health Department at the Gladys Porter Zoo is said to be the principal wildlife rehabilitation unit for the Rio Grande Valley. It defines wildlife rehabilitation as the involvement through caring for the injured, orphaned, and ill wild animals with the goal of releasing each into its natural ...

Nature is structured into ecosystems that play an important role in keeping the environment and biodiversity healthy. Being a part of nature, humans too can help maintain the environment and wildlife health by creating the garden ecosystem. Building a garden ecosystem enhances biodiversity since it attracts a host of wildlife and provides them with food and a safe habitat for living and reproducing. Such an ecosystem also benefits the environment by limiting air, water and soil pollution. It also regulates local atmospheric temperature and flow of water. Specific types of garden ecosystems also allow for organic farming that permits the production of healthier ...

GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION

Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve (RTR) is situated at the junction of two very old mountain ranges, the Aravallis and the Vindhyas. Ranthambhore comprises of distinct areas with great conservation values. Prior to formation of Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve, these reserves were managed as hunting reserves. In 1955, a part of the forest was declared as Sawai Madhopur Wildlife Sanctuary (as a game reserve). In 1973, this area was notified as Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve, being one of the first nine Project Tiger reserves in India. The Reserve comprises of Ranthambhore National Park along with Sawai Mansingh Sanctuary and Keladevi Wildlife Sanctuary. Ranthambhore National Park ( ...

Answers to Objectives

pp. 441.
- Chordates- have pharynx which can function as digestive and respiratory. These organism have a notochord and are classified as deuterostomes. Echinoderms have spicules on their skin and they have exoskeletons made of calcium carbonate.
- Phylum Chordata- have notochords and tubular dorsal nerve cords. They also have muscular tube obtained from mesoderms. Pharynx walls have gill slits and most of the organimsms have tails. Phylum Echinodermata-organisms that are unsegmented, bilateral in larvae and usually have a radial symmetry in adults. Phylum Hemichordata are also considered as the sisters of echinoderms and most of them have shorter ...

Introduction:

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common birth defects and a prime reason for deaths in first year of life. It accounts for about 20% of congenital defects in infants. The understanding of this study is based on evolution of heart, heart development in mammals and molecular regulation of cardiac development.
Evolution of heart saw change in the number of chambers, with fishes (two chambers), amphibians (three chambers) and reptiles, birds and mammals (four chambers). During the developmental process, heart is generated from splanchnic mesoderm that contains the original cardiac cells.
Mouse has a gestation period ...

INTRODUCTION

American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease) is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi that can result in acute inflammatory skin changes (chagomas) and may eventually cause infection and inflammation of many other body tissues. It was first found in Brazil in the year 1909. It is however mainly found in rural parts of Mexico, Central America or South America. The parasites enter the mammalian host through the bug bite, or breaks in the skin, replicate in mammalian cells, and eventually reach other organs through the blood. The disease is also found to be spread from mother to child (congenital). Chagas ...

THE SCOPES TRIAL

The scopes trial is also famously known as the scopes monkey trial and was a trial which involved the state of Tennessee against John Thomas Scopes. The charge against scopes was teaching evolution. Apparently back in 1925 it was illegal to teach anything about evolution in schools that were funded by the state. Back then people believed in the divinity of the bible. Anything in the bible was considered truth that was incontestable by any human being irrespective of the evidence at hand. Teaching evolution was tantamount to blasphemy against morally accepted truths by the people. The Buttler act made ...

Introduction

Homo floresiensis nicknamed “Hobbit”. The fossil was found by Indonesian and Asian researchers on the Flores Island, the Island is located between Asian and Australia. The fossil was excavated from one of the caves in the island and is believed to have lived between 95,000 and 18,000 years ago. The Flores was in the early days separated from other continents, researchers believe that this is an area that was occupied by very few mammals. Few mammals and reptile species typically occupied the island during the Pleistocene period. The common reptiles that were found in the area included ...

The debate whether or not animals have feelings is ongoing and has many social and moral implications. If you ask any dog owner, they would emphatically answer that animals have emotions. However scientists tended to view the question with suspicion; thinking instead that behavior in animals was hard-wired and instinctual. They thought that attributing feelings to the animal was an attempt to anthropomorphize and a consequence of our humanity. Modern investigative techniques though such as fMRI (functional MRI) are shedding new light on the question.
Before a logical conclusion can be reached, we must define the terms emotions and feelings. ...

Ecology is the scientific discipline that brings together facets of other disciplines. It is the study of organisms and their environment and the relationship between the two. In this it overlaps into disciplines such as environmental science and biology among others. R. J. Putman and S. D. Wratten in their book “Principles of Ecology” note that ecology as a term has taken on a number of meanings. “Human ecology” is sometimes used as a political term to describe an individual’s relationship to a society. As the earth is a varied places of numerous and changing environments that hosts millions of diverse and evolving ...

Marine life is core of marine biology where a study on taxonomy, biology, behavior, morphology, and ecological relationships of life inhabiting our oceans, seas, and lakes is on research. It is also the study of science of organisms in marine or ocean waters. Taxonomy of marine life is in groups that follow a certain order in a hierarchical series namely: kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. Marine life is having six kingdoms as follows. First, bacteria-are organisms that have single-cells and reproduce by dividing in two. They are throughout the marine setting. Second, protozoans-are also single-celled organisms but are much ...

Dogs and cats are the most common pets kept by man. They can be said to be man’s closest friends in relation to the animals. This implies that the two share quite a lot. This essay is dedicated to bringing out the similarities and differences between dogs and cats. The essay will first highlight the similarities and then look at the differences.

The first obvious similarity is that the two are mammals. This implies that they have fur on their bodies and they are warm blooded. They also give birth to live young ones and have mammary glands that ...

With close to 2.8% of the earth’s crust consisting of sodium in compounds, Sodium is by no doubt one of the most abundant elements on earth. The element has an atomic mass of about 22.98 amu and belongs to period 3 Group 1 (1A) (between Lithium and potassium) hence has an atomic number of 11, a valance of 1 and an oxidation state of +1. The Latin name for the symbol of Sodium is Natrium hence the symbol Na while the “Sodium” in Latin is referred to as Sodanum. Additionally, even though the element has 14 isotopes, the only ...

Prac Group:

Prac Date:

Partners:

A. Analysis of practical results

1. Produce a Standard Curve that enables you to quantify the amount of protein present in the diluted skim milk, diluted whey and deproteinate whey samples.
Draw a graph of the standard curve for BSA. Use Excel to graph a scatter plot and draw a linear regression curve using absorbance values vs concentration (in µg/mL) for each standard. Give the graph a title and label the axes.

2. Report concentrations and percentages of the various protein fractions in undiluted skim milk as determined in the practical.

Protein fraction

Protein concentration
(µg mL-1)

Percentage protein in each of the fractions

Casein protein

Whey protein

...

Summary

Bilal Haq, a scientist from the National Science Foundation Arlingtion, Virginia encountered foraminifera on his trip to Qingdao in China. Foraminifera are small creatures that grow shells on their bodies. Their shells are varied and very diverse, as if they are created by visionary artists. Haq thought the foraminifera would make beautiful pieces of art and should be put on display. Haq’s fellow colleague from China, Zheng, agreed and put things into action by involving local craft workers. It resulted in a park for foraminifera since the end of 2009 and already a million people have visited (Larkins, 2012).

It is ...

Eastern gray squirrel

The eastern gray squirrel is native to the eastern United States including parts of New York City. The common name of this organism is ‘grey squirrel’ while its scientific name is Sciurus carolinensis. The grey squirrel belongs to the Kingdom Animalia. Grey squirrels can be found in nearly every habitat from tropical rainforests to semi-arid deserts, only keeping away from high Polar regions and very dry deserts. Most gray squirrels live in tree hollows while others construct nests with twigs and plant material. In New York, gray squirrels are mostly found in deep swamps of cypress and magnolia and ...

Introduction

The Florida manatee is part of the species Trichechus manatus latirostris and their closest relative on earth now is the elephant. Florida manatees are part of the scientific order Sirenia and the family Trichechidae. They are a migratory species and move from ocean waters of Brazil to those of the Gulf of Mexico. The shift due to climate change has caused them to migrate further north.

They have a low basal metabolism causing them to move slowly as they look for warm water such as the warm natural spring fed rivers of Florida (Reynolds & Clay 2000), the warm water effluent ...

What were the settlements and lifestle of the people living in during the Mesolithic (i.e. Kebarans discussed in Ristvet, Ch 2)?
The settlement and lifestyle of the people who lived in the Mesolithic period comprised of people who had a nomadic lifestyle .They were hunter gatherers who had adopted fishing as one of their characteristics.
What are the consequences of farming, in terms of both physical health of people and changed social relations, economics, etc? (Diamond 1987 and Ristvet Ch. 2)
The adoptability of farming brings forth the improvements of the health of people .farming enables ...