Metabolism College Essays Samples For Students

Human digestive system is distinctively different from herbivores and carnivores. Herbivores normally have longer digestive system compared to human and herbivores have digestive anatomy and bacteria symbiosis that allow them to digest cellulose from plant materials. Cellulose digestion in herbivores is assisted by bacteria in the rumen (partitioned stomach) or in the cecum (hindgut fermentation) in the case of cows and horses respectively. Carnivores have shorter digestive system compared to human, as carnivore’s nutrition comes from meat that can readily be broken down by enzymes into protein and amino acids.

Human is categorized as omnivore, and human ...

- What are some of the key urban sustainability issues/challenges facing developing and developed countries?

Health, good working and clean environment, proper and inline development of infrastructure, technological developments are few of the issues faced by both developing and developed countries of the world in urban sustainability. Increased growth of population, poverty, expansion of cities, at the same time less amount of financial assistance are some of the issues of great concern for the developing countries. These issues are not of main problems for the developed countries. The huge ratio of migration from rural areas to urban areas both in developing and developed countries have become a great challenge for the countries as well as ...

Essay

Bacteria in a closed bioreactor grow and decay in four stages because they sterile culture of cells. It a bioreactor incorporates environmental conditions such as temperature, dissolved gases and nutrient concentration that integrate to help bacteria and eventually decaying. The underlying conditions make the bacteria to grow to maximum level. Since the bacteria is in a closed bioreactor, the underlying conditions become more as the maximum growth is attained thus leading to their decay.

Lag phase
In the lag phase, growth and reproduction has just begun. Inoculum is the bacteria undergoing metabolism and the environmental conditions required include nutrient limitation, inhibitors, ...

Part A

How Enzymes Act As Protein Catalysts in Biochemical Processes
Catalysis refers to the speeding up of a chemical reaction by a catalyst. A catalyst is a substance that accelerates a chemical reaction but does not undergo a permanent chemical change in the process. Enzymes are catalysts whose building blocks are amino acids: they are proteins. Enzymes also exhibit a defined three-dimensional structure. In addition, they have a cleft on their surface called active site. The active site is the region where substrate interactions take place. Enzymes play important roles in fructose metabolism. The first step of fructose metabolism in the liver is the phosphorylation of ...

English

Introduction
In United States society, the majority of people want to be thin and fit. The diet industry in America sells billions of dollars' worth of products each year in order to help people to achieve this goal. Furthermore, there is a new diet popping up every day. From the Atkins diet to the South Beach diet, to the Low Glycemic Index diet, there are a number of diets for people to choose from. But many people still choose good old reduced calorie consumption and a reduced fat intake as a means of losing weight. The question remains, however, as to whether ...

A1. Explain how enzymes act as catalysts in biochemical processes (e.g., fructose metabolism, glycolysis); A2. Explain how a deficiency in aldolase B can be responsible for hereditary fructose intolerance; A4. Discuss the specific substrate acted on by aldolase B during the breakdown of fructose; A5. Explain the role of aldolase B in the breakdown of fructose by discussing the products of the reaction.
Enzymes are proteins that work as catalysts in reactions. A catalyst is something that is neither created nor destroyed during a reaction. Instead, an enzyme is shaped such that when the substrate reacts with the enzyme the ...

Abstract

Vitamins are organic compound which are required by organisms as essential nutrients in limited quantities. They are nutrients which human bodies require in order to sustain functions such as metabolism and immunity. Vitamins have broadly varying physiological and biochemical function and are widely distributed in natural sources of food. Basically, they are the basis of all functions of the human body; they make things happen and happen faster. And with the absence of vitamins these enzymes cannot perform their tasks. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the benefits of vitamins.

Introduction

According to Lieberman and Bruning (1990), vitamins are organic ...

Salmeterol is part of a broader group of drugs known as adrenergic agonists; it works specifically by binding to β2 receptors of the adrenergic receptor family, which are activated by the binding of the endogenous neurotransmitters, norepinephrine and epinephrine. The adrenergic receptors are as well part of a broader group of receptors known as G-protein coupled receptors. The G-protein receptor family is composed of a single peptide with seven trans-membrane regions that are attached to a G protein, Gs, Gq, or GI (Harvey & Champe, 2008). The G protein has 3 subunits; the α, β, and γ subunits; the α subunit in the resting state is bound to ...

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a method of medical imaging that works by detecting gamma rays produced by the interaction of electrons with positrons after a tracer radionuclide is injected into the body. The tracer radionucleotide used is dependent on the part of the body that is being investigated, in some cases it is modified glucose, in others, it is a receptor ligand. Common uses of PET scans are cardiac studies that measure the oxygenation of the tissues of the heart and the function of the heart muscle, to detect skeletal trauma and bone cancers, kidney imaging to study the renal function ...

Section 1. Renal Excretion of Drugs and their Metabolites

Determine whether your drug is:
a) Primarily excreted unchanged (as the parent drug) in the urine (renally cleared)
b) Excreted in the urine principally as metabolites (metabolised; hepatically cleared)

Salbutamol is cleared through the urinary system, metabolizing through the inactive 4’-O-sulphate (phenolic sulphate). Within the urine (with a minor extraction method being faeces), both the salbutamol and the metabolite sulphate are excreted. In studies, urinary excretion of salbutamol has resulted in around 64% of a dose being excreted as unchanged salbutamol, with about 12% excreted as the sulphate conjugate (Spina, 2003).

Section 2. Drug Metabolism

For your drug:
a) discuss its metabolism noting the ...

Introduction

The information provided by pharmacokinetics is important in the discovery of new drugs and in screening drug candidates. It helps in drug research and can determine the concentration of a drug present in the body. The discovery of new medicines not only depends on pharmacological activity but on pharmacokinetic parameters as well. Pharmacokinetics includes absorption, distribution, metabolism and execration (ADME). Absorption is the absorbing of a drug in the blood stream. There are two types of absorption, passive and active. The physico-chemical properties are responsible for passive transportation while the active transportation determines the binding of a molecule to the target site. ...

Drugs can have many differing affects on people, whether their consumption leads to a positive or adverse response. All of this depends on the levels of enzymes in the body and how the variations of expression lead to these possible outcomes. The major theme of the two sources on this topic relate to the specific enzyme, CYP3A. CYP3A is a subfamily of cytochrome P450 enzymes, which serve to catalyze the addition of oxygen into molecules. Their ultimate role serves two spectrums: to convert foreign substances into less toxic products that can be eliminated from the body, or to convert ...

Introduction

In recent decades, trends in diets tailored to promote weight loss have resulted in a significant increase in the intake of protein, particular in people with overweight and obesity issues. Accordingly, researchers have questioned the benefits or risks linked to the habitual consumption of “dietary protein in excess of recommended intakes” (Martin et al., 2005). In general, the primary concern has involved the possibility that diets rich in protein may increase hyperfiltration and, hence, exacerbate renal damage. Nevertheless, the potential link between protein-rich diets and renal damage has also been questioned due to an absence of adequate clinical evidence. ...

The article “Endocrine System - Everything You Need to Know” by Galan, describes the endocrine system that comprises of various glands and how these glands function in regard to enabling the body to carry out various essential functions mainly related to metabolism as well as growth. According to the article, these glands usually secrete various hormones (chemical messengers) that control as well as coordinate various body activities particularly by activating the body to carry out various essential functions that are related to metabolism as well as growth. Essentially, the endocrine system comprises two main types of glands that include; ...

It is not about the weight. Eating disorders

The obsession with maintaining trim and fit model-like bodies has been increasing tremendously thanks to the numerous images of ideal bodies being flashed on mass media at every turn. As such, people are doing all in their power to attain certain figures and shapes and it all comes down to losing weight. However, the weight loss is coming at a lot of sweat to many people as they develop among other conditions a variety of eating disorders. These disorders refer to a range of psychological disorders that are characterized by disturbed or abnormal eating habits such as anorexia nervosa ...

Dehydration

Introduction
Water is an essential chemical substance in the human body, and it possesses unique physical and chemical properties. The human body consists of 45% to 77% water depending on age and sex. Water plays a significant role in the nourishment of the cells and removal of waste from the human body and its deficiency may lead to poor metabolism and functioning of the body (Brown, 2011). The excessive loss of water or deficiency of body water is referred to as dehydration. In dehydration, the body’s output of water is greater than the intake, and it can be ...

Drawing from the seminar presentation, I have gathered that the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signals various pathway functions and regulates critical functions in the placenta such as mitochondrial respiration and nutrient transport. Placental amino acid transporter activities are significantly decreased in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) with recent experimental research evidence suggesting that the changes directly contribute to restricted fetal growth (Jansson, 2016). In this case, placental nutrient sensing is seen to have a pivotal role in the modulation on resource allocation between the mother and fetus thus affecting overall fetal growth, preventing overgrowth of the fetus and ensuring ...

When a person wants to lose weight, he just wants to get rid of excess fat. However, in the reality it often turns out that the majority of modern diets and training methods cannot burn fat. The result is that people together with fat lose muscle mass.

The Role of the Thyroid Gland

Low thyroid hormone level often causes a general slowing of the metabolic rate, including the inhibition of processes of fuel utilization by muscles, lack of power, increased sensitivity to cold and catarrhal diseases. Today low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets have high popularity. People suffering from insulin resistance may gain an advantage from them by ...

Manganese

What function does it perform, in critical metabolic events in human biology?
Manganese acts as a co-factor to nearly all classes of enzymes such as hydrolases (phosphohydrolase), transferases (phosphotransferase), ligases, lyases, oxido-reductases, kinases and decarboxylase. It also helps in the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, proteoglycans and glycoproteins. It can also mediate reactions as a metalloenzyme (Medeiros & Wildman, 2015; Gropper & Smith, 2013). While manganese can be replaced by magnesium in some of the catalytic reactions, two reactions in the synthesis of connective tissue pathway, namely, the activation of xylosyl transferase and glycosyl transferase or galactosyl transferase, are specifically manganese–dependent. These ...

Discussion Question 1

Having attended a birthday party, an assortments of foods were served among them beef, rice, and the mandatory cake. An analysis of the dietary compositions of this food revealed that beef contained up to about 24g for every 100g of protein in a single serving, 16g of fat content in 100g and no carbohydrates. Rice was found to have a high source of carbohydrates about 23 grams per 100-gram serving, 1g fat per 100g serving and 3g per 100g serving protein content. Similarly, the cake served was high in carbohydrates about 60 grams per 100g serving with minor composition ...

Fasting is a tried and tested method for spiritual enlightenment. It is a practice that goes all the way back into ancient history and a revered part of most religious traditions. Fasting for health reasons is a new phenomenon that has had mixed research results. This paper seeks to analyze and evaluate scientific evidence for the merits of fasting for health reasons. Are there any benefits to the body when one fast for days or weeks? The paper proceeds with a systematic analysis of research on fasting and health. The paper argues that like most forms of body healing methods that have their roots ...

Introduction

Q1 . The fundamental requirement for a living cell to sustain itself are a carbon source, an energy source, an electron donor, an electron acceptor and elemental nutrients(N,P, S, Mg,) etc. Explain how each of these fundamental requirements are needed by the living cell to function. Explain how the cell can maintain its own internal biological processes without being in equilibrium with the external environment.
The living cells can function within a constricted range of such conditions such as nutrient availability, pH, ion, temperature, etc. The cell must coordinate different chemical reactions and consolidate many different molecules into definite structures, ...

Introduction

Obesity and overweight have been classified as global and serious conditions that have an adverse effect on the human health. Obesity and overweight conditions are defined as excessive or abnormal accumulation of fat that may negatively affect health. In adults the obesity and overweight are measured by the body mass index (BMI), which is simple weight-for-height index (WHO, 2014). The BMI is computed by the ratio of the individual's body weight to the square of body height, indicated in Kg/m2 (WHO, 2014). According to W.H.O., (World Health Organisation), a BMI equal or above 25 is considered as overweight while a BMI ...

October 24, 14

Summary of the article
Biochemistry - the science that studies carbon compounds with other organic elements and the laws of their transformation. This science studies the chemicals, their structure and distribution in the body. There are three subdivisions of biochemistry:
- Chemistry of life
- Study of activities on the molecular level
- Studying chemical processes within the living organisms.
Biochemistry is generally applied in 3 spheres: Medicine(with the help of biochemistry new cures are being constantly created), Food industry(is used for nutrition) and Agriculture( it is applied for increment of crop ...

Notably, obesity has been a social challenge facing our nation in the recent years. The cases of obesity have tripled over the past year and this has raised concern in the health community. Obesity occurs when one takes in more fat than the body can synthesize through the normal activities. The body stores those extra calories in the form of fat and the cumulative process leads to obesity. The NHLBI has conducted showing that due to the recent economic crisis hitting the nation, cases of obesity are expected to rise even more in the next two years (NHLBI Obesity Education ...

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus is chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels as a result of a dysfunction in the hormonal regulation of blood glucose. The dysfunction of blood glucose regulation occurs due to deficiency of insulin, the resistance of target cells to insulin thus resulting to elevated levels of blood glucose (hyperglycemia). Based on the mechanism resulting in elevated blood sugar there are basically two types of Diabetes: Type I diabetes (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)) emanates from insufficient insulin due to inability of pancreatic beta cells to produce enough insulin. On the other hand Type II diabetes, (non–insulin-dependent diabetes ...

Pharmacogenomics alternatively referred to as pharmacogenetics in medical literature is a component of personalized medicine. It refers to the study of genetic polymorphisms that in one way or another influence individual response to drugs. Clinical observations on the effects of genetic polymorphism on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs were first documented back in the 1950s. Scientific knowledge on genetic variations is therefore the critical foundation on which pharamacogenomics is based. In specific, the knowledge of how variations in the genes responsible for encoding enzymes and proteins are the main pillars of pharamacogenetics (Belle, 2008). Enzymes play a vital role in ...

Introduction

The Florida manatee is part of the species Trichechus manatus latirostris and their closest relative on earth now is the elephant. Florida manatees are part of the scientific order Sirenia and the family Trichechidae. They are a migratory species and move from ocean waters of Brazil to those of the Gulf of Mexico. The shift due to climate change has caused them to migrate further north.

They have a low basal metabolism causing them to move slowly as they look for warm water such as the warm natural spring fed rivers of Florida (Reynolds & Clay 2000), the warm water effluent ...

Introduction

“Health is Wealth”, almost everyone would agree to have heard this proverb once in life, health maintenance does not require a lot of hard work however carelessness may result in a situation where even normal life does not remain easy. Health management is a widely studied subject and all kinds of media are full of information related to healthcare, but still there are a lot of issues that need to be tackled so that good health is maintained.
“Ryders are a small family which includes Jason, his wife, two children under the age of fifteen years and his parents. All of them live ...

How an Animal Cell Survives

Although the animal cell is similar in many ways to eukaryotic as well as some few eukaryotic cells, there are strikingly large differences between them, especially the requirements for survival in various environments (Baitsell, 2008). The animal cell is one of the members of eukaryotic cell category, whose structure is quite complicated by the organelles present as well as the diverse functions they play towards the survival of the cell and the organism in general (Solomon, Berg, & Martin, 2004). The cell structure is defined by a plasma membrane that bounds a number of organelles, all of which function towards the ...

Beneficial Properties

Some of the beneficial properties of globalization for Coca Cola have been:
Increased Market Share
Today, Coca Cola is known as an international brand, but their success has been due to globalization and their success in different markets (Collins). Globalization has helped Coca Cola to expand their business beyond the American borders and enter new countries over the years. Due to globalization, Coca Cola has been able to reach different markets all over the world. By entering new countries, Coca Cola has been able to reach new customers and increase their global market share. Stakeholders that benefit from increased ...

Assignment 2

PART A - (Total 15 marks)

Cephalexin and Gentamicin
The mechanism of action of amoxicillin is focused on the prevention of the synthesis of the bacteria’s cell wall through the binding and inhibiting of the cell wall transpeptidases (Katzung, Masters, and Trevor, 2012). Specifically, it attaches to the penicillin-binding protein 1A found in the cell wall of bacteria. Then, the agent disintegrates the lactam ring to allow the acylation of the penicillin-sensitive transpeptidase C-terminal domain. The formation of the cross-link of the linear peptidoglycan strands is prevented by the inactivation of transpeptidases. Since the third and last stage ...

Introduction

A larger percentage of the world’s population hardly ever exercise and this can be attributed to the fact that people have become busier and schedules become tighter with each day. The advancement in technology has also greatly influenced people’s lifestyles negatively such that they hardly ever exercise or engage in activities that boost their health. Several advantages accrue from a routine workout. Mayo Clinic Staff proposes that before embarking on any strenuous exercises, it is necessary to seek a doctor’s opinion to ensure that one keeps healthy and does not cause harm to their body (2014).

Burning Unwanted Calories

...

The American Diabetes Association, ADA (2016) describes diabetes as one of the most common endocrine diseases, with its prevalence continuing to rise, despite the efforts that the healthcare industry is undertaking to stem its incidence. CDC (2016) reports that as of 2014, there were 29.1 people living with diabetes, both diagnosed and undiagnosed. 21million cases are diagnosed, while the rest are undiagnosed. The burden of the condition on the US population and healthcare system continues to increase, with an estimated 245 billion being spent annually for treatment and management of diabetes. Additionally, diabetes is associated with reduced cost of ...

The YouTube video titled “Rhonda Patrick: Nutrigenomics, Epigenetics, and Stress Tolerance: Nutrigenomics, Epigenetics, and Stress Tolerance” explores the intersection between nutrition, genetics, and the environment. The speaker examines the way micronutrients, diet, sleep, exercise, and heat stress can alter one’s genetic expression as well as the way one’s body ages and functions (Rhonda, 2015). In the video, Rhoda discusses how human genes influence the way the body absorbs and metabolizes micronutrients. Nutrigenomics is concerned with the way genetic variations influence absorption and metabolism of micronutrients as well as the effects of this dynamic relationship.
According to Rhoda, ...

The human body consists of trillions of cells that work together synchronously for the maintenance of an organism. The metabolic needs of all the cells in the body are almost similar. For the well-being of a human body and the proper functioning of all the cells, constant internal environment needs to be maintained by providing the cells with oxygen and nutrients (Homeostasis and Regulation in the Human Body < OpenCurriculum, 2016)
The internal environment of the body is tissue fluid, which bathes all cells making up the body (Mader, 2016). The composition of the tissue fluid must always remain ...

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Function of the target enzyme HSaD within Tuberculosis (TB)

According to Lack et al., (2007, pp 2-7), tuberculosis is one of the major cause of mortality across the world, especially in underdeveloped countries. This huge epidemic makes it very essential to understand the etiopathogenesis of the disease and the organism causing it i.e., Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. The identification and analysis of this bacterium has been accentuated by gene studies and the necessary genetic machinery required by this organism to survive the macrophage milieu. One such gene is responsible for the synthesis of an enzyme called ...

Vitamins and Minerals

(Author, Department, University,

Abstract
Vitamins and minerals are among the most essential nutrients as they help in performing many important functions of the body. They are of different kinds as, for example, vitamins are either water-soluble, which cannot be stored in the body, or fat-soluble, which can be stored in the body. Similarly, minerals can include those, which are required in sufficiently larger amount such as calcium and iron, and those, which are required in tiny amounts such as trace minerals including copper and selenium. These essential nutrients are present in sufficient quantities in our foods including vegetables and ...

If you have lived in China or interacted with the Chinese people, it is easy to note their habit of drinking hot water or tea with meals. Drinking of tea has been in the Chinese culture for so long as history suggests. However, questions have been raised about the hot water drinking habit during meals. This is yet to be answered, but a number of suggestions have been raised to answer the question about the Chinese culture of drinking hot water. Some argue that it is a practice that their parents taught them, that cold drinks and hot are ...

Cell Description and Shape Attributes

 Essential life molecules, which make up all living organisms, are bound together by a membrane to form a cell’s structural unit (Hand, 2018). The diverse cell shapes in eukaryotes and prokaryotes reveal each cell’s function. Each cell develops a form related to its function. For example, neurons contain extensions (axons and dendrites) that pass quick messages to the entire body (Alberts et al., 2015). Erythrocytes have a flexible shape to facilitate easy movement across capillaries. Pollen grains contain spikes for easy attachment to pollinating agents.

Passive Mechanism of Movement

Molecules move into and out of cells, and where energy is absent, the movement is ...

Enzymes as Catalysts

All known enzymes are catalysts. Enzymes have a number of properties that make them catalysts. To begin with, enzymes accelerate the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up them or altered by the reaction (Luciano, 1983).similarly; enzymes accelerate rates of chemical reactions without changing the equilibrium between the products and reactants of the reaction.

Metabolism of Fructose in the Liver

Once fructose is absorbed, it is rapidly taken up by the liver by glucose transporter, GLUT2(Bozzetti,2006).The fructose in the liver is rapidly metabolized by the enzyme fructokinase into fructose -1-phosphate.Aldolase B enzyme acts on the substrate fructose -1-phosphate.The enzyme metabolizes fructose-1-phosphate ...

Diabetes Types, stats and pathology

Introduction 2
Statistics 2
Types of Diabetes 3
Type-1Diabetes 3
Type-2 Diabetes 4
Juvenile Diabetes 4
Gestational Diabetes 4
Prediabetes 5
LADA 5
MODY (Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young) 5
Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis 6
Medical diagnosis 7
Causes 8
Monitoring diabetes and Drug Therapy 10
Insulin Shots and therapeutic agents 10
Dietary Considerations and Nutrition Therapy 11
Conclusion 11
Introduction
Diabetes is a challenging disease for current health care that is causing a heavy financial burden to the society. Estimations have ...

One of the problems in America is child obesity, wherein more children from low-income families have greater tendency to become victims (Saelens, Sallis, Couch, Cain, and Glanz 57). United States faces a childhood obesity epidemic which has been perceived to be a problem that continues to get worse. The changes on the way the children live, go to school and what they eat during snacks and meals, play as significant factors of childhood obesity. Obesity rates of children from low-income families are relatively high compared to children from middle-class families (Muth 68). Genetic, social, economic factors are the prevalent indicators of ...

The human development solely depends on the results of the diverse stages that occur in a human being. These stages start from the conception of a newborn until the day of death. Biological and sociological inheritance faced by an individual determines these stages of development. From the child’s conception to the death, the human being undergoes various stages to address and portray clear effects of the aging. The extended childhood, rapid maturity, gradually declining mental function and a post-productive period characterizes the development and growth in human. Various advancements occur that characterize these stages. For example, the proper use human bodies, ...

Systemic Clearance Extended Calculation

Data: Pharmacokinetic parameters: Fraction unbound (fu), 0.5; Clearance by active secretion (CLsec), 2L/h; Fraction reabsorbed (FR), 0.25; Hepatic Extraction Ratio (EH), 0.25.
Q: Total Systemic Clearance (CLtotal) =?
Formula: CLtotal = (F * D) / AUC (RMI Pharmacokinetics, 2014)
Where, F = fraction of dose absorbed (mg), (1 – FR) * (1 – EH ) (RMI Pharmacokinetics, 2014)
AUC = area under the curve (mg/L/h), (Δt /2) * Cf (Summit PK, 2014)
D = single dose (mg), Q * AUC * F (RMI Pharmacokinetics, 2014)

Computation:

Step 1: Computation of F
F = (1 – FR) * (1 - EH )
F = (1 - .25mg) * (1 - .25) = .75 * ...

Introduction

Cortisol is a steroid hormone produced in the adrenal glands located on top of kidneys and is usually released in response to particular circumstances and events, including acute stress and waking up in the morning. It significantly affects the body’s processes and helps its effort to maintain homeostasis (Aronson, 2009). It also plays a major role in human nutrition, as it helps regulate energy by determining which type of substrate (and which amount), protein, fat, or carbohydrate, the body needs to meet its demand efficiently. If cortisol stress hormone is increased for long periods of time and becomes chronically elevated, ...

Abstract

There are many victims of obesity. It affects entire families and communities. The victim of focus in this document is of course the person who has to endure the pain. The pain can be summarized by the psychological, social, physical and clinical consequences of obesity. The story of a fictitious boy precedes the introduction with the sorrow that is associated with obesity. However, he emerges victorious as a symbol of hope that still exists for anyone who is affected by this condition.

- Thesis statement: Psychological, social, physical and clinical effects of teenage obesity
- Psychological and social effects
...

The green extract of coffee has with numerous health claims and benefits. It is to facilitate proper functioning of thinking and alertness. It is to treat stomach disorders, diarrhea, vomiting, headaches, and osteoporosis. Some people have used it to prevent and control some lethal diseases such as cancer and Crohn’s diseases. Most importantly, this extract has as revolutionary a weight loss beverage that is to burn pounds of calories without exercise. The author of this paper assertively discusses various cases where the green coffee extract is to have an effect on weight loss or not.
According to Buchanan, ...

“Certain Type of Fat Could Help Humans Lose Weight”

1. Briefly state the main idea of this article.
The article published Oct 2 2013 in Science Daily refers to research conducted recently by nutrition scientists at Texas Tech University, and published in The Journal of Lipid Research. According to the article, the findings of the research “could lead to supplements and a diet regime that will increase metabolism and decrease muscle fatigue in humans.” The findings of the research could allow us to take a supplement to encourage human muscles to burn off surplus energy instead of storing it as fat. The researchers noted that whilst that ability to ...

Physical fitness encompasses many areas of life. Its basic meaning is that the physiological mechanisms are working non-pathologically in light of the age of the individual. There are several components of physical fitness. Diet and metabolism make up one part. Another part can be thought of as cardiovascular health and muscle tone. Hygiene and freedom from disease make up a third component of physical fitness. The ancient Romans said: mens sana in corpore sano, or sound mind in a healthy body. Increasingly it is being shown that physical fitness contributes to mental health.
One of the key quantitative measures of ...

Introduction:

Carbon dioxide is generated through cell metabolism that takes place in the mitochondria. Carbon dioxide amount that is produced is dependent on the metabolism rate as well as on the relative carbohydrate, protein and fat amount being metabolized. The amount of carbon dioxide produced at rest is usually about 200 ml per minute eating a mixed diet (Arthurs &Sudhakar 2005). Carbon dioxide is one of the main products that are released following metabolism and the level of it in the body is highly regulated. This paper aims at discussing the production and transport of carbon dioxide from the cells through ...

Introduction:

Carbon dioxide is generated through cell metabolism that takes place in the mitochondria. Carbon dioxide amount that is produced is dependent on the metabolism rate as well as on the relative carbohydrate, protein and fat amount being metabolized. The amount of carbon dioxide produced at rest is usually about 200 ml per minute eating a mixed diet. This results in the utilization of about 80% of oxygen and gives respiratory quotient of 0.8 (Arthurs & Sudhakar 2005, p. 207). Carbon is one of the main products that are released following metabolism and the level of it in the body is highly ...

Introduction

Cardiovascular disease is a common disease that makes it impossible for the cardiovascular system to provide the body with enough nutrients and oxygen during sustained physical activities. The major causes of cardiovascular disease are narrow blood vessels which can not deliver enough blood to the muscles or a weak heart which can not pump enough blood to the muscles. A weak heart is as a result of poor signaling or infections affecting the heart muscles. Healthy blood vessels are strong and flexible. They can with stand the high pressure of blood pumped from the heart. When cholesterol is deposited along the inner walls ...

It is well documented that human beings are capable of thriving and surviving in the harshest of conditions ranging from the arctic to the equator and with different forms of lifestyles and diets. One of the reasons’ for this is not farfetched, it is the ability of the human body to adapt to various conditions and in turn maintain homeostasis. Homeostasis refers to the human body's ability to regulate her internal environment physiologically in a bid to ensure and maintain stability in response to the instability and fluctuations of the weather and the external environment. Also, homeostasis refers to the ...

Prions are infectious proteins that are usually linked with the occurrence of neurodegenerative disorders in humans as well as many other mammals. They belong to the class of misfolded proteins and are the causative agents for the different transmissible diseases, mainly encephalopathy that can be defined by the changes in the anatomy accompanied by Pathophysiological origin that follow Mendelian genetics. The main characterization of the disease is the aggregation of proteins in the neurological system leading to degenerative brain diseases that are fatal and are incurable at present.
Murray et al. (2004, p.37) have stressed that the transmissible ...

Homeostasis is the propensity of an organism/a cell to direct its internal situation, typically by a system of reaction controls, for the health and functioning to be stablelized, despite the outside altering conditions. The capability of the body /a cell is to look for and uphold the state of stability inside its internal environment while it’s dealing with the outside changes. Homeostasis takes place when the body regulates its temperature so as to try maintaining an inner temperature.eg in hot days we sweat to cool off, also we shiver to generate heat in the cold season. Homeostasis use hormones to ...

Minerals are natural inorganic substances that are found in rocks and soil and are considered essential components for human survival. Minerals compose an estimate 4% of the body and are necessary for normal functioning of the body. Humans are incapable of producing minerals which is why it is necessary to obtain minerals from plant and meat sources. Soil contains nearly 45% of minerals, wherein plants absorb all natural minerals which is absorbed in the human body upon consumption (Ward 2014). 18 minerals are considered essential out of the total 103 known minerals. Some of the major function so minerals ...

Introduction

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) involves peripheral circulation, the brain, and the heart. The disease is a primary health issue in many countries around the world (Sawhney, et al., 2012). CVD develops through complex processes involving novel risk markers and common risk factors. Decades of research have demonstrated that a sibling’s or parent’s family history is linked to the development of atherosclerotic CVD (Gupta et al., 2013; Nelson, 2013; Imes and Lewis, 2014), which manifests as peripheral arterial disorder, stroke, and coronary heart disorder (CHD). Various Mendelian disorders have also been shown to contribute to atherosclerotic CVD. Although ...

The critical importance of protein in nutrition and life of the human body was discovered by chemists in the early 19th century, they also came up with "international" name for these chemical compounds - "proteins", from the Greek protos - "first, chief".
Proteins have the incomparable value in the human diet: first of all, they serve as "building blocks" for the whole body. In addition, they are responsible for the metabolic and regulatory functions in the body; serve as a basis for the creation of tissues, such as muscle fibers; perform transport functions in metabolic systems of the body, ...

Medium Chain Triglycerides

Introduction
Medium Chain Triglycerides, also known as MCTs, is an exceptional form of fats that can be consumed while dietary nutrition and have a positive impact on health. The “medium” reflects their structure length. Moreover, it may have a significant positive effect on weight management (1). This provided a ground for a large body of research on its beneficial effects and food products that may contain large stock of these chemicals. However, some studies warn that excess MCT oil consumption may lead to problems with cardiovascular system (2).

Literature Review

The Metabolic Syndrome
In 2010, a group of researchers headed by ...