Microbiology is the study of microorganisms. Microorganisms are those organisms that are less than a millimeter in size and require the help of a microscope to view them. Microorganisms can be unicellular or multicellular but have very simple cell structure, unlike the highly developed, complex organisms such as larger animals and humans. Microorganisms are classified based on criteria such as their cell structure, pattern of growth, nutrition, reproduction method, etc. However, microbial classification is a challenging task due to the dual nature of some microorganisms that exhibit both animal and plant like characteristics. Some microorganisms are photosynthetic like plants but they also ...
Microbiology College Essays Samples For Students
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Microbiology Laboratory Technician is a career in biology that requires one to possess a college degree. Biology as a science deals with living organism and all that entails the life of the living things as well as their functioning. Microbiology as a major branch of biology involves microscopic living organisms. The study of microbiology involves learning how this microscopic organisms influence the life of other living things such as human beings. Disciplines with deal with the study of bacteria, parasites as well as viruses among others, make up the undergraduate study of microbiology. A Microbiology Laboratory Technician is expected to study the following ...
Introduction
Microbiology is a fundamental branch of medical science from which the discovery and treatment of various microbial causing diseases takes place. In terms of practice, Obstetrics and Gynecology are unified aspects of medical specialty that deals with management of pregnancy and care of female reproductive health. With the two concepts employed, more sophisticated women’s health issues can be effectively addressed. The role of microbiology in OB/GYN practice includes detection, prevention, and treatment of several bacterial infections among women including the common ones such as Trichomonas vaginalis and Chlamydia Trachomatis. These bacterial infections do not often manifest in symptoms ...
The field of microbiology was very limited until the discovery of the microscope, though it did exist in a very practical sense. Though scientists were ultimately wrong about what actually carried and transmitted the plague, for example, they were correct in hypothesizing that it came from an outside source. Between then and now, the microscope was developed, and has been improved upon more and more. Now we have a great classification scheme for prokaryotes (assuming bacteria). It follows the standard domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. The standard for most eukaryotes is also the same for ...
Microbiology Lab
Abstract
This laboratory report tries to recognize an unknown bacterial species. The Gram stain disclosed bacteria to be both gram-negative and positive and via microscopy it confirmed to be rod and cocci respectively. Now two different bacteria were on the agar. One was a coliform and other a non coliform. The bacteria were exposed to all essential microbiological techniques employed to recognize an unknown bacterial species. The unknown comprised about 1% of the total bacterial flora of humans and even most of the warm-blooded animals. The bacteria are the most extensively studied prokaryotic organism, and an essential species in the ...
Industrial microbiology has helped greatly in the discovery and development of substances that we use in our day to day life. It applies scientific and bioengineering techniques to processes and materials. Microorganisms produce valuable products of industrial microbiology.(Law 15) They include; Antibiotics, fermentation beverages, enzymes for amino acids synthesis, dairy products, and recovery of minerals from low grade ores, waste and waste water management, Biodegradation of xenobiotics, synthesis of chemotherapy drugs, just to name but a few. It’s a field that requires people to research on existing problems find or discover new products, get ways of producing and commercializing ...
QUESTIONS ON BIOCHEMISTRY
Questions on Biochemistry
Describe the difference between an obligate and a facultative aerobe.
Obligate and facultative aerobes are the same in terms of their ability to use oxygen in their respiration process. However, obligate aerobes requires oxygen to oxidize substrates such as sugar and fat to produce ATP (energy). Obligate aerobes are more efficient in converting substrates to ATP. The key process in aerobic respiration is the conversion of sugar to ATP shown in reaction 1 below:
In the reaction 36 molecules of ATP is produced per molecule of glucose. It is actually a slow process which comprises 3 ...
Microbial Genetics
This is an area of study within microbiology and genetic engineering that studies the inheritable characteristics of microorganisms. It is an area of study of great significance in the field of health and medicine. In this essay I will be focusing on this significance both positive and negative as it relates to the field of health and medicine and the new ways in which genetic engineering is finding its application.
HIV infection usually infects cells with CD4+ markers. The other markers that are essential in making infection of these cells possible are CCR5 and CXCR4 without which cell entry ...
The Cave Paintings at Lascaux
A Detailed Summary
Discovered on September 12, 1940, the cave paintings at Lascaux are generally thought to have been created by the Magdalenian culture at some time between 15,000 and 13,000 B.C.E. at an age that was noted for fine art and tool making. There are other cave sites in France that date back to this era, notably the caves at Les Trois-Freres, Niaux, Altamira, Font-de-Gaume and Les Combarelles. However, Lascaux is larger, and the art is the best preserved. The artist or artists used minerals found in the area of the limestone caves, which were ...
Lab report
Abstract
The contemporary microbiology world has witnessed a gradual interest in identifying the types of microbes that are resident in the human body more so due to plausible health benefits they may bring and because of their possible detrimental effects. In this regard, fear of the pathogenic consequences of microorganism in the body has pioneered the advent of hand sanitizers aimed at checking this effect. As a standard procedure in microbiology especially in laboratory experiments, sanitizers are used in eliminating microbes from the surface of the hand. The conducted experiment in this write-up thus aims to analyze the presence ...
Microbe-Host Analysis
Microbe-Host Analysis
Introduction
It is unknown how long Staphylococcus Aureus (S. Aureus or staph) has been on this planet. We have been too busy trying to conquer all of successful attempts that it has made to evade our weapons against to establish an intricate epidemiologic profile of it. We do know when it was discovered to be a harmful bacteria, though. One of the primary toxins of staph, PVL, was first discovered by an assistant in Belgium by the name of H. van de Velde in 1894. He was taking care of some rabbits in a laboratory and noticed a ...
The History and Modernization of Poultry Inspection Systems in the United States and the Food Safety Hazards that are Being Diminished because of Those Systems
Abstract
The accessibility, health benefits and low cost have kept the demand for poultry consumption up and poultry slaughter production plants moving forward; however, up until recent years there has been a lack of quality inspection standards leading to an increased amount of food safety issues. The pathogens that contaminate raw poultry products for human consumption are an issue in the United States. There have been new advances in technology which has led to an improvement ...
Asepsis
Microorganisms are the tiny microscopic structures that cannot be seen with naked eyes. They are present on all the living things and also in the environment. Some of these microorganisms are non pathogenic that is they do not cause any disease. However, many of the microorganisms are pathogenic in nature. The pathogenic microorganisms can cause disease or infections. Absence of these pathogenic microorganisms is known as asepsis.
Importance of asepsis
Asepsis is usually carried out in the laboratory mostly while dealing with microorganisms. The techniques used to carry out asepsis are known as aseptic techniques. If aseptic conditions are not maintained in ...
Introduction
Food items are always prone to spoilage which in most of the cases is precipitated by an increase in bad microbes that cause the food to change its property and thus food becomes unsafe for eating. The main purpose of inspection of food is to trace the presence of bad microbes that are available in most of the food products but below certain level they are harmless. Microbes are nothing but cells which are so microscopic that it is not possible to detect them when they are in very small numbers. In order to detect the presence of harmful ...
Introduction
Traditionally, biology is described as that branch of science that is involved in the study of living things. this implies that biologists invariably collect information in the course of this study. Moreover, this also implies that biologists have to interpret this information. this process has been a slow and arduous one until the turn of the21st century. before this period, biologists have had to contend with the prospect of interpreting collected information with the help of the senses and sometimes, laboratory investigations. however, with the turn of the century and its corresponding development of information technology, this arduous task has ...
Introduction
The collection of bacterial, archaeal, eukaryal and viral microbes in surface waters, oceans soils and wastes together constitute the environmental microbiome. This microbiome is vital to humans and the environment in several ways including but not restricted to nutrient recycling, biotechnological application in the food and beverage industry and genetic engineering technologies. Nonetheless, pathogenic microbes can invade and grow within other organisms causing disease (Egli and Koster).
Different strategies have been used to define microbial community structure across microbial ecosystems. Taxonomic classification based on morphologic and physiological traits of cultured microbial communities is no longer attractive since the ...
Introduction
The collection of bacterial, archaeal, eukaryal and viral microbes in surface waters, oceans soils and wastes together constitute the environmental microbiome. This microbiome is vital to humans and the environment in several ways including but not restricted to nutrient recycling, biotechnological application in the food and beverage industry and genetic engineering technologies. Nonetheless, pathogenic microbes can invade and grow within other organisms causing disease (Egli and Koster).
Different strategies have been used to define microbial community structure across microbial ecosystems. Taxonomic classification based on morphologic and physiological traits of cultured microbial communities is no longer attractive since the ...
Overview
The significant outcome related to the over prescription of antibiotics by the physicians attributes to the pattern of antimicrobial resistance that develops inside the patients who consume extra doses or combination of antibiotics for treating their sore throat manifestation . The antibiotics resistance across the patient population is effectively determined by the measurement of their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) through laboratory analysis . The configuration of dilution solution of antibiotics stock and interpretation of the MIC findings through the analysis of bacterial growth over agar plates provides an insight regarding the MIC of antibiotics and the corresponding resistance of the developed ...
Virulence and Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention
InstitutionVirulence and Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention
of Opportunistic Bacterial Infections
We live in a day that was much like 100 years ago, before antibiotics existed at all. The reason for this is that almost as soon as a new antibiotic is introduced, bacteria develop resistance to it. In 2008, a type of bacteria was found in China that has 45 specific genes meant solely to confer resistance to antibiotics just in its plasmid. Plasmid is a cellular material generated by bacterial colonies that are hard to penetrate with antibiotics, even without resistance genes (Lutz, 2016). As the search for ...
The Importance of Microbes to Animals from Eating to Evolution
Microbes are any living organism that throughout its lifespan is too small to be seen with our naked eye. Most microbes are single-cell organisms. Microbes are the oldest form of life on earth – dating back over 3.5 million years ago when the Earth was still covered with boiling oceans. While microbes are typically thought of as bacteria, microbes can include protists, fungi and microscopic animals. Without microbes, animals could not eat, breathe, or possibly even have evolved at all. Without animals, well, they would probably be just fine. Microbes are important to animals in numerous ways, from eating to ...
InstructorDate
Introduction
Pathogenic microorganisms cause diseases by infecting the body through various ways, such as by entering through cuts on the skin, through the pulmonary route by inhalation, and through the digestive tract by ingestion. Because we consume food on a regular basis, it is important to determine that whatever we eat is free from pathogenic microbes. This is a particularly serious issue especially in the food industry, whose components must strictly abide by regulations set up by regulatory bodies, especially for microbiological counts (i.e. quantitation) in food products (Jay, 2000; Alcamo and Warner, 2010).
Population numbers of microorganisms are ...
This stage starts with target identification. A biochemical mechanism established in a disease condition is chosen. Thomas (137) establishes that drug candidates, discovered in biotech/pharmaceutical research labs are tested for their contact with the drug target. Numerous molecules for all potential drug candidates undergo rigorous screening process. This may include functional proteomics and/or genomics among other screening methods. After confirming interaction with target drug, they classically validate that target through checking for activity versus disease condition that the drug in being developed. After vigilant review, one or several lead compounds are chosen. There is no specified duration of time for ...
It is widely assumed that the skin has organisms that contaminate it and which might cause pathological transformations when injected into the body through the injection of a needle. With this assumption as basis patients, nurses, trainee doctors and medical students are trained to prepare the skin before injecting it through cleansing with a kind of antiseptic to keep away any infections at the site of injection. Alcohol swab that is comprised of 70% of isopropyl has been used since the 19th century as the oldest and most highly effective antiseptic for the preparation of the skin just before an operation. ...
I have been asked to submit a research based, essay on a Critical Incident Analysis, which occurred on the ward on which I was working during my return to nursing course this year.
After looking at the various models of reflection that are available (Gibbs’ Reflective Cycle, John’s Model of structured Reflection, Rolfe’s Framework for Reflective Practice), I have decided to use Gibbs’ Reflective Cycle. The choice of this model was based on the fact that I identified more with this style of reflection, and I felt that it would suit me better compared to the other two ...
Tuberculosis is one of the oldest diseases known to cause medical illness in humans, and is the second most common cause of death due to infection worldwide (Riley, 2013). The bacteria mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. Tuberculosis) causes the disease; and while it is widely known that it affects the lungs of the individual, other organ systems may be affected in nearly one-third of cases (Harrison’s, 2008). Proper treatment in drug-susceptible strains leads to a cure; however, drug resistant strains or improper treatment has a 5-year survival rate between 50-65% of cases (Harrison’s, 2008). Transmission is through respiratory droplets passed from ...
What does the saying “biologically impossible” mean in the modern world of biotechnology? According to Ian Wilmut who wrote the essay Biotech History: Dolly the Sheep “. . . with Dolly that expression (biologically impossible) lost all meaning . . . she revealed, rather than defied those laws. In the twenty first century and beyond, human ambition will be bound only by biology and society’s sense of right and wrong” (Renneberg 252). Science is impacting society more than at any other time in human history. Every part of our lives is impacted by science, especially by biotechnology. There is a very big difference between biotechnology ...
I work as a lecturer in a university that offers a variety of courses to students. In this University, the admitted students come and pursue either diploma courses, degree courses or post graduate courses. Besides, the university offers a large collection of course choices. This wide collection of courses has led to the establishment of different colleges within the university. Among these colleges are the college of biological and physical sciences, college of humanities and social sciences, college of education and college of health sciences. It is within the college of biological and physical sciences that I work. This college is further divided ...
Introduction
Ice cream, a milk-based good, is an excellent medium for microbial growth owing to high nutrient value, virtually neutral pH value (~pH 6–7), and elongated storage interlude of ice cream. The components of ice cream may be of a diversity of amalgamations of milk, cream, condensed milk, dried milk, colouring materials, flavours, fruits, nuts, sweetening agents, eggs, and eggs products, and stabilizers. Any of these could add to microorganisms’ growth and influence the quality of the goods as evaluated by its bacterial load or the presence of different explicit bacteria species. Time reliant heating throughout the ice cream creation decreases ...