Mosque College Essays Samples For Students

The Hurstville City Council has had plans to build a mosque in South Hurstville, but resistance by Australia’s anti-Muslim groups has often met this. The ugly row over the construction of the $ 3 million new mosques has taken a different angle, as the anti-Muslims groups have continued to incite and seek support from the residents who live outside the South of Hurstville to oppose it (Natalie, 2016, p.9).

Why the targeted Muslim community in the south of Hurstville is in "need"

The Muslim community in The South of Hurstville has and continues to be marginalized regarding expressing their freedom of worship. The Anti-Muslim groupings view them as a community that is ...

of the most important building of the particular styles:

Early Christian, Byzantine, Islamic, Gothic

Each period of history has its own particular, specific art style, which contains its own significant masterpieces. It doesn’t matter what kind of art is it: painting, sculpture, architecture, etc. For example, for the Early Christian Era, such masterpieces are: The Basilica at Trier in architecture and Jesus healing the bleeding woman, depicted in the Catacombs of Rome. Talking about Byzantine period, it is important to mention such works as: the Church of Holy Wisdom or Hagia Sophia in the architecture and the most famous mosaic of this church ...

The Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque is located in Abu Dhabi, the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It is the largest mosque in the United Arab Emirates and the eight largest in the world. The Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque was initiated by its namesake, Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, the late President of UAE. Sheikh Zayed is the driving force in the formation of the United Arab Emirates, in which he became the first president, holding that position for thirty (30) years until his death in 2004. Sheikh Zayed, in contrast with the other mostly conservative Islamic countries in the ...

Introduction

The Ottoman Empire was one of the world’s largest empires with history dates back to the Islamic medieval period from the 10th to 11th centuries. The main religion of the Ottoman Empire was Islam and most of their architecture and art was based on the religion as well. The beautiful buildings that exist today were the relics of the old Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire was originally founded in 1299 by the tribe who distinguished themselves as Oghus Turks under the rule of King Osman I. Ottoman empire stretched from the mainland Turkey and controlled various countries in ...

The essays aims to show if and how national identity finds its reflection in architecture. Turkey is the country handpicked for this particular scientific purpose inasmuch as it a solid example of a multicultural state acknowledged at political and legal levels. More importantly, it has a rich history of multiculturalism. Istanbul and Ankara are the primary examples of architectural tendencies. The essay carefully traces the evolution of western influence and the rationales behind the cultural dialogue in the days of the empire, which allows understanding the nature of possible national identity erosion in the modern Turkish architecture. The brief ...

Ancient African Art and architecture

Ancient African Art and architecture mostly reflects the time, needs and place in which it was established. Though the works of art are situated in different geographical regions there seems to be several similarities.

Djenne Mosque Mall

Mali is in the Black Africa part of the African continent. It is in here the Great Djenne Mosque is situated. The native black Africa has, and still suffered many years of poverty and political instability despite having gained independence (Creswell and Allan, 56). Though black Africa seems to be the same, it is further divided into two, with West Africa and East Africa on ...

This essay gives information about a recent visit to a Catholic Church and a Mosque. It tries to compare this to the Jewish Temple (The author’s church). A discussion about the similarities between the religions will be at the commencement of the paper followed by discussion about the entrance to the church, the service itself, literature available and a reflection on the visit.
A recent visit to a Catholic Church and a Mosque revealed a number of similarities and differences to the Jewish Temple that is normally attended by the writer’s family. The Catholic Church was attended during the most popular Sunday service ...

If to take a look at the phenomenon of Islamic civilization, mainly at the architecture, urban planning and poetry, the importance of art in the Islamic world becomes clear. Great masterpieces of Islamic civilization, Islamic architecture in the clearest way answer the question of what Islam is. These buildings have in their proportionality, harmony, tranquility and serenity the most important features of the Islamic message to people.
Of course, all kinds of Islamic art: architecture, fabric production, etc., borrowed many of the technologies and methods from different civilizations, in particular, from Ancient Iran and Byzantium. But all of them ...

Following the goal of one of the courses I study, which required students to be pushed out of the comfort zone and choose places where they would be entirely uncomfortable, my selection was to visit the mosque. This is a choice I thought was better because I being a Christian was interested in knowing much about other religion and how they conduct their holy activities in the holy places. This would give me a new experience apart from the normal life of Christianity and the general church experience. This event was scheduled to take place in one of the mosques in New ...

Comparison Essay on Architectural History of a Building

Introduction
The Dome of the Rock (Qubbat as‐Sakhrah) is a religious edifice structure built in the7th century that is located in Jerusalem. It was built by Caliph Abd al‐Malik, the Umayyad. This edifice is not a mosque, but may be described as a Muslim shrine. Like the Mecca Ka'ba, the Dome of the Rock is built on a sacred stone. It is widely believed to be the place from which Muhammad the prophet ascended into heaven in the process of his night journey into heaven. The sacred stone over which this edifice is built was long considered ...

Every religion has it own place for worship. Churches, mosques and synagogues, are just some of the few places of worship. The main similarities of these buildings are that it is sacred and is mainly in use as places for worship. Churches, mosques and synagogues, serve a lot of people as they are not personally owned. Cathedral Notre-Dame de Paris is a Christian worship place. Sultanahmet Mosque also known as the Blue Mosque is in use by Islam while the Beth Shalom Synagogue is mostly in use by the Jews. The main difference with these places of worship is that they ...

Art, architecture, and design are very important clues for historians to figure out what exactly a civilization, culture and society valued. Architecture, in particular, is a very important part of a larger material culture which may be used by historians as clues to figure out what impact these decisions had on the larger culture and the way each society organizes itself. In this sense, it is almost nearly inescapable that each piece of art or building will not in some way or another influence our thinking regarding how each of these societies is organized. This is true everywhere around ...

Sheikh Zayed is the third largest mosque in the world. The mosque was named after its founder who happened to be the first UAE president. The mosque is built 11m above the sea level and also 9.5m above the level of the street so that it may be conspicuously seen from all dimensions of the city. It was opened to both the public and prayers on 20th of December the year 2007.
The mosque covers an area approximately 22,421m2; the amount of steel that was used to build it is 33,000 tons and 250,000 m3 of ...

Arab Marriage Ceremony

Most foreign Arabs living thousands of miles away from home still respect and uphold their traditions dearly. Unlike most other cultures that fade away as people are assimilated into new cultures in their immediate environment, the Arabs inherit their traditions and practice them without major foreign interference. The Arab wedding is one such occasion where the traditional practices inherited from the previous generations still remain popular (Monger, 2013). It is admirable to experience the ancient practices in an Arab wedding ceremony. Although the western culture has strongly influenced most indigenous wedding ceremonies (including the Arab wedding), the Arabic wedding ...

Communication-Comparing Two Events

Introduction
Whether it is international or local business, sports or cultural festivals, hosting events provides a country with numerous benefits including provision of employment opportunities to the residents of that particular country. Events and festivals are the building blocks of tourism attraction that forms a significant percentage of gross domestic products. There is a positive correlation between the number of tourists’ attraction and economic growth of a given country. Countries endowed with numerous tourists’ attraction both domestic and international earn relatively high foreign exchange (Ricky, 2010). In addition festivals and events boost national pride as well as encouraging international collaboration. Citizens have ...

Gender Identity

Gender identity starts its formation at home, and in Saudi Arabia it is not different. Home life greatly influences a person’s growth and is the root of cultural understanding (Mahler, 2012). In Saudi, home is usually seen as a work place for women, hence men form the majority of shopkeepers in the region. Women are also restricted to live in their parent’s house until they get married where they move to their husbands home. In America, however, women are perceived as independent human beings who can work anywhere they choose. Additionally, they are free to move out ...

03-Oct-13

Allah, the most gracious has chosen Muhammad (P.B.U.H.) the last and final prophet of Allah. He was the most influential and historical prophet in history. Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.) was both a religious and secular personality than any other in the world.
He was a religious person in a sense that he preached Islam among people by his good deeds and words. He never forced people to enter into the fold of Islam. Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.) laid the foundations of a thriving spiritual community that changed the passage of history. His historical life is full of religious events than any other founder on ...

Searching for New Opportunities

Among the first things I would do is check the internet and travel virtually. I would call this process as travelling online. I would visit some of the great churches of the world: Cathedral of Our Lady of Chartres in France; the Cathedral of St. Peter in Cologne, Germany; the Canterbury Cathedral in Canterbury, Kent, England; the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican; and, of course, St. Peter’s Basilica in the Vatican. I will try to tour the cities where these Churches are found in the next five years. Alongside these churches, I would also like to see some ...

Culture is commonly defined as a composite, complex whole and this is signified in terms of art, belief, custom, knowledge, laws, morals, and any other capacities and ways which men acquire as members of society. I have been immersed into the American culture by way of travelling into Alabama as a foreign student. While this may sound strange, I chose the U.S. because it is a melting pot of various cultures. I know that other than exhibiting its own ways, it is also very much open to the other nations’ ways of lives.
In terms of value, I believe there is ...

Throughout history, the Islam religion has been negatively represented in the western media. The Canadian sitcom television series “Little Mosque on the Prairie” which was being aired on CBC aims to challenge the Islamic contemporary views by providing an alternative representation of this religion. Through this television series, comedic interpretation is largely used as the main style of addressing western discourses that tend to portray Muslims as violent, pre-modern and as an inferior religion. In this paper, I will seek to expound on how Little Mosque on the Prairie has managed to represent Muslims compared to the native Canadian ...

The Western world continues to have misunderstandings and misgivings about the religion of Islam. Marred by increasingly violent global politics against Islamic extremist groups and nativist fears against Islam at home, the world have increasingly viewed even Islam’s benign activities through a lens of trepidation. While it is hard to argue that Islamic terrorism should be viewed negative, even more typical Muslim activities, such as the celebration of Ramadan can be met with mixed reactions. The following essay will look at what aspects of Ramadan major news carriers focus on and how they present Islam’s holy month.

Ramadan ...

The Taj Mahal is a white Marble Mausoleum which is found in Agra district in Utah Pradesh, India. Its construction started in 1632 AD and completed in 1648 AD during the Mughal dynasty. Additional structures namely the Mosque, guest house, main gateway on the south, courtyard and its cloisters were later added and completed in 1653 AD.
Taj Mahal takes up a style combining the elements from Persian, Islamic and Ottoman Turkish as well as Indian Architectural styles. The Mughal building (Progenitor of the Mughal dynasty) and Timurid (the tomb of Timur) buildings’ set precedence for the construction of Taj ...

Analyze the data in SPSS by Multivariate

In this study, the data was obtained in a survey. From the analysis of variance the significant value is 0.007 which is less than 0.05 level of confidence. This implies that there Change in the social environment is positively related to the weakening of the original Muslim identity for children who are new immigrants in the San Antonio society. The multiple analysis variance and the multivariate regression helps use to find if the predictor variables are related to the dependent variables. In this study, we decide to investigate if the predictor variables; Teach an Islamic religion by parents, Eat pork ...

Islam in the United States: Expression or Preparation?

(School/University)

The United States was founded on the principle of equality among men, regardless of the circumstances that attend the person’s station of life. The premise is that all men were made equal, in that the laws of the State should be applied impartially to any and all circumstances. However, a recent issue on the defiant refusal of a community to allow a local Muslim group to construct their own worship center has seemed to place a cloud of hostility in the area and a cloud of doubt on the tenets of the Constitution. The issue is also being widened from opposition of ...

During the medieval or early modern period, Islamic society appeared to be one of the flourishing and influential in the Middle East and the northern part of Africa. Islamic dominance and interaction with Christian scholars had certain clashes on the cultural invention during the era of civilization within those countries. Islam, however, emerged to root cultures such as architecture, medical attendance and music. These cultures emerged during the early modern age.
Hospitals were of great importance during that period. They had the moral imperative in offering treatment to the people regardless of whether one was a female or a male, a ...

Religious studies

Abstract
The main three western monotheisms are Christianity, Islam and Judaism. Each religion consists of its own goals, where most of them are different. There are also common similarities associated with the western monotheisms. The notion of the existence of God in Islam, Christianity and Judaism is monotheism, where they all believe that there is only one invisible God. Concerning the future, Christianity, Islam and Judaism believes that there is hope about the coming days despite the difficulties experienced in present and past days. Christianity, Islam and Judaism uphold the concept of redemption as the main aim to ...

Brief history of Saudi Arabia

Historic area of the Arabian Peninsula, which now occupies the western Saudi Arabia, is usually called Hijaz and Najd. At the beginning of the VII century Muhammad’s prophetic mission began in Mecca, where the Meccan pagans denied it. After 13 years he moved to Medina (Yathrib), inhabited by Arabs and Jews. A peace treaty was signed with the latter. Gradually, Arabs all of the Arabian Peninsula became his followers.

Saudi Arabia map

In 632, Arab Caliphate with its capital in Medina was founded. It engulfed almost the entire Arabian Peninsula. As a result of voluntary annexations and conquests by the IX century ...

Eid is a festival celebrated by thousands of Muslims all over the world every year. Celebrating the festival means celebrating happiness regularly. The traditions and culture in this festival may vary slightly according to the geographic location of Muslims; however the basic requisite of this festival is to remember the poor and be grateful to god for whatever they have. Eid-Ul-Fitr (Eid) is a great cultural experience that is celebrated at the end of the holy month of Ramadan on the first day of Shawwal that is considered to be the tenth month of the Islamic calendar.
In the holy ...

The government of Canada policies such as family sponsorship, economic advantages, political alienation, educational opportunities, and a belief that there was a guaranteed freedom of faith and expression in Canada attracted the Muslim society to the country. Muslims are represented as educated and having professional skills. The objective of the film is to understand the Canadian Muslim cultural attitudes to the democratic values that matter to the native citizens of Canada. The focus is to test certain perspectives about how Muslim values and attitudes relate to the western culture. These perspectives include; systematic alienation from the United States based on conflicts ...

Last month, I visited Rome with my family and evidenced the glorious and sumptuousness of this place. My tourist guide informed me a lot about the city and its history. Rome has a history of more than two and half centuries and has enjoyed the status of the center of one of the greatest civilizations of the world. I visited the Colosseum that used to be an amphitheatre in the ancient times. I was informed that it was used for a number of different purposes including executions, public speeches, and for several entertainment purposes. It used to host gladiator contests which were ...

The Byzantine and Islamic Empires are closely linked together, sharing similar influences in terms of technological advancements, their political systems, and their culture.

The Byzantine and Islamic Empires

Byzantium’s capital, Constantinople, was the empire’s core. It is where the trading takes place and it played a vital role during the Golden Ages of the empire during the 9th , 10th, and 11th centuries before the capital fell from the hands of Mohammed II, the Ottoman Turkish Sultan. During its Golden Ages under the rule of Justinian, Baths, churches and water supplies were built and city planning and social services were also established. Until now, ...

It is believed that Islam as a religion is designed for the urban community rather than is of a nomadic nature. However, it was shortly changed during nine AD when its religious role was replaced by political incentives when the Muslim world broke its ties with the caliphate in the East. It is also believed that Islam has had an enormous impact on the architecture of the cities it was once dominating (Saoud, 2002, p. 2).
This essay is divided into four chapters: 1st part will compare and contrast the medieval European and Islamic cities between 9-13 centuries by ...

Introduction

The delivery of the speech that is critiqued in this paper is an argumentative lecture by Yusuf Estes on the subject of Hadith in Islam. The delivery of the speech shall be assessed within the framework of how effectively Estes was able to deliver the introduction, the body and how the speech was concluded, followed by recommendations.

The Critique

For any speech to be effective, it must create an impression on the listener. Even if the content is excellent, it is the delivery by the speaker that decides how the speech is received and how much of it is retained. Studies ...

Introduction

A connection between religion and a sacred place is immense. It represents the beliefs invested into the religious domain, a symbolic meaning to the parishioners, and the history encapsulated in a particular place. That is why all religious buildings were constructed in the locations that are significant for the believers and to a particular religion. In some instances it may happen that a sacred building plays a role of a holy place for several religions, as it is the case with Jerusalem. This city is the epitome of holiness, as it contains the places of particular importance for Christians, ...

Introduction

Saudi Arabia as a country bases its law on the Quran. The constitution of the country stands as the Quran. Sharia is the official criminal law, and the government derives its power from the Holy Koran. The religion does not allow political parties; therefore, the country has a monarchy as the final political institution of Saudi Arabia. The issue of legal rights remains with the monarch in power as stated in the fundamental law. The king remains limited by the sharia law with absolute powers (Ranko 19). Therefore, religion and politics remain entwined in an equal manner. However, the ...

During the English 101 class, I learned valuable skills in doing works of research through the guidance and tutorship of the instructor and feedback from classmates. I also learned how to research, analyse and document information and ideas in order to develop a position or statement.

Thesis statement: brainstorming varied ideas to support a claim, by using research and documented data while drawing guidance and support from the instructors and the peers. For the purpose of this essay, I will use instances and examples to demonstrate the maturity and absolute growth of the skills and objectivity that have been named. In ...

The documentary called “Promise” is about the lives of seven children. Some of them are Palestinian and the others are Israelis. They live in a small territory but they are torn by politically induced hatred. B.Z., the director of the film talked to all of them to hear their points of view. It was interesting to see the perspective of children on politics and religion.
All of the children talk about issues that are inappropriate for their age. It is the result of having been born and raised in a war inflicted country. The country was divided between the Palestinians ...

Introduction

The discrimination against Shia Muslims, in the Middle East, has existed for centuries. The act of injustice needs to stop since Muslims are only allowed to practice their belief only in their city. The Shia Muslims forms the minority population of Saudi Arabia. However, Wahabi Muslims who are their greatest enemies normally humiliate and degrade them with the aim of making them feel as outcast in that community. Their attitude towards Shia Muslim is totally deplorable.

Body

The Shia Muslim community has experienced a number of restrictions and persecutions over centuries from both the national government and Wahabi Muslims.
- ...

Every religion has its rituals and ceremonies to mark important milestones. These events often bring together adherents in expressing their commitment to their deity, faith and to one another. The ninth month in the calendar of the Islamic faith is called Ramadan. During this month, a Muslim fasts during the day. Fasting is one of Islam’s Five Pillars and a form of worship. Ramadan is a time for reflection, benevolence, self-control, discipline and greater commitment to Allah (Glassé 377).
The Islamic calendar and the conventional one differ in some aspects. Muslims, therefore, celebrate it on different days of the conventional ...

Colonial cities were built by colonists and used for different purposes in the countries that they conquered. Most of them were used as central trading centers where the colonists performed trading activities with other countries. They had the diversity of culture because of the mixed cultures that were represented by their colonists and trade partners. Colonial cities were built by colonialists and most of them remain so to this day, with only a few adjustments. Johannesburg in South Africa is an example of a city that was built by colonialists and is at the top of the hierarchy among the most ...

Art is an imitation of the struggles in the life of humanity that is expressed in various forms and media. That art is always subject to different interpretations sometimes or most of the time makes it controversial. Some of the most common topics that are often found too controversial by some people include religion, gender orientation, and war.
The previous exhibit of Rehab Nazzal entitled Invisible at the Karsh-Masson Gallery in Ottawa, Canada created a hullabaloo among the Palestinian and Israeli community in Canada. Israeli ambassador Rafael Barak expressed his disdain upon seeing the image of Palestinian prisoners in ...

In the United States, the majority of the people believe in Christianity, who make up for 76% of the population. The rest of the population constitutes believers of other religions and non-believers. Christianity is based on the teachings described in the Bible, and is especially based on the teachings of Jesus Christ, who is an integral part of the faith, the prophecies, and is regarded as the Son of God-incarnate. One of the places that represent the way of worshiping the God in Christianity is the Cathedral Basilica of Saint Louis. It is a cathedral of the Roman Catholic Church ...

Introduction

The Fertile Crescent is a region that is crescent shaped that contains a fertile land that is usually called the arid and semiarid in the western Asia, Nile delta of the north east of Africa and the Nile valley. James Henry Breasted who was an archaeologist named the term Fertile Crescent. The countries that lie in the Fertile Crescent are Mesopotamia, Assyria, and Egypt. In the modern countries are Kuwait, Egypt, Israel, Iraq, Lebanon and Syria. It is presumed that education began since the human existence where parents pass on the traditions on values to their children who will do the ...

Imagine being in a wilderness, in an alien place, life all around you, life going on unhindered. Despite the abundance around you, you still can’t find something to feed on, cheer you or relate to. It is like the unlikely situation where all over sudden, your friends quit speaking in a language you understand. You can no longer understand what they say, nor can they you. The world can become a very lonely place in such circumstances; when you fail to fit, not of your own doing, but a cruel mix of fate and circumstances.
This is the predicament that most ...

In Ross Dunn's The Adventures of Ibn Battuta: A Muslim Traveler of the 14th Century, famed Muslim traveler and legal scholar Ibn Battuta's account of his journeys is contemporized, updating this tale for a modern English audience. Starting from Tangier and traveling across Northern Africa and the Middle East, all the way to China. In this way, Battuta explores the "kingdom" of Islam, looking at each culture's Islamic practices and traditions, finding something new in each one. Ibn Battuta's journeys in the Muslim world demonstrate Islam's great religious diversity through his own sense of wonder: while Battuta travels much more ...

Introduction

Five basic tenets of Islam that set the foundation of Muslim life are called five pillars of Islam. They are called five pillars because these basic principles of Muslim encapsulate Muslim people of different language and different countries comprising the Umma into a holy union of brotherhood based on religious devotion. A Muslim is not a Muslim unless he observes these five pillars of faith. The five pillars include Shahadah, Salah, Zakat, Sawm and Hajj. Similarly, in Christianity too, there are five basic pillars of faith followed in order to provide an ethical framework for all the true Christians to follow.

Shahadah

...

The Marble Masterpiece
The Marble Masterpiece
Introduction
What is it which draws in millions of tourists annually from the developed countries of West to India? It is the rich cultural and historical heritage encompassed within the borders of this yet developing country. The multitude of magnificent temples, mosques, mausoleums, forts and minarets which speak of a great history and impeccable architecture draw maximum number of curious tourists from all over the world to India. And one monument surmounts every other specimen of ancient art and architecture in the world- the Taj Mahal. It is a white marble mausoleum ...

Basic components of religious traditions and their relationship to the sacred

Religious traditions are a set of beliefs widely held and practiced by a group of people. This involves the worship of a supernatural being with supernatural powers. However, although religious traditions differ across communities, they all have common characteristics used to define religion. They include, Belief system; they consist of a belief system used to explain the myth as all Christians have universally held belief that God is their creator. Community; religious traditions are practiced by a group of people with the same belief system.
Myth; they are the stories of a religion told across generations. The stories according to the religion are true. ...

Taha Hussein's early life

Born on 14th November 4, 1889 (Hardwick and Stray, 2011), Taha Hussein rose to become one of them most outstanding figures of Arabic literature in Egypt and in the world over. He was born in Izbet el Kilo which was a small community village in AI-Minya in central Upper Egypt (Brugman, 1984; Goldschmidt, 2000; Russell, 2012). While his father was reportedly a civil servant (and a peasant farmer) in Egypt, very little is known about his mother and siblings as there is a paucity of literature on his early life that speaks about them. At a tender age, Taha Hussein contacted an eye infection ...

Article Summary

In his speech, Shaub discusses the four developmental phases of the acculturation process of immigrants in America. In particular, Shaub discusses how some immigrants want to be bicultural, that is, to retain their original personality while developing an American one. Shaub further discuss how culture and religion can influence the bi-culturality of Muslims.

Cited Passage

“Imagine groups of related individuals living together in primitive conditions but still developing some kind of coherent culture. In many cases there would come a day when the tribe had to move---perhaps the food ran out or there was some natural calamity. For whatever reason groups often ...

In the twentieth century, Islam had a number of journalists, political philosophers, theologians, and revivalists (Ismail 2011). Some of these influential Muslim intellectuals include Hasan al-Banna (1906-1949), AbulA’laMawdudi (1903-1979), and SayyidQutb (1906-1966). AbulA’laMaududi was a political philosopher in Pakistan, Muslim revivalist, journalist, and a theologian. He founded the Islamic revivalist party. He was also the first person to receive the “King Faisal International Award.” QutbSayyid was a theorist of Ikhwan-al-Muslim (the Muslim brotherhood). The other intellectual, Hasan al-Banna, was the founder of the Muslim brotherhood, an influential revivalist movement during the 20th century (Yilmaz 2009). He was indeed, the most influential ...

It’s not only what they have seen in their own eyes but how they viewed things-- that is, the beliefs they held for instance, that tinged or colored the way they eventually saw the foreign cultures they visited and were exposed to for many years.
At least this can be clearly gleaned in how world travellers Xuanzang, Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta narrated their observations and experiences when they visited India, China and West Africa respectively during the post classical era.
The three travellers visited different foreign lands and cultures for more than a decade and brought ...

1.0 Historical Background of Al-Qaeda
Al-Qaeda is a global terrorist network established by Osama bin Laden between 1988 and 1989. The mission of Al-Qaeda is to free Muslim Nations of what it considers irreverent western influence and replace their leadership with fundamentalist Islamic Governments[ CITATION Jay11 \l 2057 ]. Despite having started in the 1980s the network only came to light after September 11 2011 attacks on Washington and New York, following which the United States of America and Her allies declared war on terror[ CITATION Dav11 \l 2057 ]. Al-Qaeda works through a network multinational and stateless armies as well as ...