Paradigm College Essays Samples For Students

The Scientific Revolution has been subjected to philosophical evaluation for quite a long time. Among the most prominent people that have subjected the scientific revolution to a thorough thought process is Thomas Kuhn. According to Thomas Kuhn, scientific history has been characterized by changes in the scientific outlook (Dilworth 70). This can be best explained by the fact that the scientific community usually accepts a dominant paradigm, until anomalies arise. As time passes, scientists question the paradigm itself from which new ideas and theories emerge, further changing the outlook. In support of Kuhn’s views, this paper seeks to explain that the ...

Research and nursing are inseparable. Different health issues will arise from time to time leading to confusion among practitioners. Some conditions will only be understood through execution of ample research. Research is mainly carried out when the professionals in a given field are not aware of a given element that arises. Nursing research is usually sensitive, and it requires consideration of unique procedures known as paradigms and methodologies. The paradigms must be defined in line with the cultural safety of the chosen methods. The paradigms address cultural safety in different ways through excellent consideration of philosophical, ethical, and cultural biases available ...

Thomas Kuhn, who was once a physicist, now is regarded as one of the most important historians and philosophers of science. His account of science, paradigms and scientific revolutions described in his magnum opus The Structure of Scientific Revolutions is perhaps the most notable and studied document in the field of philosophy of science and is also the main subject of this work.
In his historical account of science, Thomas Kuhn distinguishes four main milestones or stages, of which the last three are cyclical in their nature. They are pre-science, normal science, crisis, and the scientific revolution. Pre-science is ...

According to Nordenstreng, Christians, Glasser and Mcquail, the role of the media can be argued within the frameworks of five paradigms (qtd. in Fourie 202). The five paradigms are; Liberal-individualistic paradigm, Social responsibility paradigm, Critical Paradigm, Administrative Paradigm and lastly Cultural Negotiation Paradigm (Fourie 202). Liberal-individualistic paradigm emphasises that the pertinent role of the media is to uphold democracy. This can be achieved through fighting for individual liberty and minimal media control by the state. Social Paradigm maintains that the media should strive towards societal development in terms of information and education. In other words, this paradigm emphasises the ...

Psychology

There are several ways through which one can understand the terms ‘qualitative’ and ‘quantitative’. Some of these ways are as follows:

The assumptions made

This is the first way through which can understand the meaning and the differences between the two terms. Research that is considered to be quantitative uses objectivity to see the world and the events happening in it. This implies that it is possible for one to identify causes and effects, reasons and explanations. A good example of this is considering a potential tourist. Such a tourist might begin by making a list of the potential destinations. He will ...

The concept of a paradigm shift gives a means of making connections between changes that are linked to communicative language teaching. There are eight changes, which fit with the communicative language teaching paradigm shift. These are the social nature of learning, the autonomy of the learner, curricular integration, diversity, focus on meaning, individual thinking skills, teachers as co-learners and alternative assessment.
Paradigm shift in education is used to represent change. A paradigm shift takes place when we see things from a different perspective. Paradigm shifts in the twentieth Century can be due to a large shift from positivism to post-positivism (Jacobs & Farell, ...

According to Thomas Kuhn, science normally progresses in four stages. The first stage is known as the Pre-Paradigm Science. This phase of scientific advancement is the science practice lacking a core set of methods or propositions. In this stage some the paradigms are somewhat vague and for that reason new observations can be accommodated since the indefinite form of the paradigm does not clearly define what are acceptable or unacceptable outcomes. Discovery takes place as an outcome of the more or less random observations made and employed to create a paradigm view that is more structured.
The second stage is ...

Dunning’s Eclectic Paradigm

Introduction
Dunning's eclectic paradigm is a model developed by John H. Dunning. The aim of the model is to explain the OLI-framework. The framework by Dunning serves as a guide for empirical examination of determinants of FDI. The framework offers a ground to research on factors affecting the development of multinational companies concerning expansion after engaging in foreign production and other expansion plans in the foreign countries. According to Dunning (2001), the assumption underlying the eclectic paradigm by Dunning is that three factors determine the FDI or specifically the return to FDI. The first factor is represented by ‘O'. ...

This paper concentrates on three nursing theories put forth by nursing theorists, as published in various journals. The three theories include Rogers’s unitary human beings theory, Watson’s human care theory and Nightgale’s environmental theory. The paper provides an insight into the application of the theories into nursing practice. A critical analysis is made into the three theories with the aim of exposing the strengths and limitations of the three paradigms with regard to utilization in nursing practice.

Summary of the nursing theories

Martha Rogers’s theory of science of unitary human beings advocates looking at nursing as an art and a science. ...

What is your paradigm of leadership and on what assumptions is it based?

Leadership is a common term in todays society which means the process of influencing a certain group of people to operate in a manner that would enable them to accomplish the set goals and objective. It is the process by which a manager or any other person with the top most positions and power in the community or an organization, gives directions on the suitable way to carry day to day activities hence making it a bit coherent and cohesive.leadership is the gift for a person to make decision for other without inconviencing their state of reasoning. In other terms, it is the ability to ...

The structural-functionalist paradigm’s idea of society is that it is an ordered structure in which all of its components continuously create social balance and stability for the greatest number of people. In this perspective, marriage is a legitimate social structure of the society that is legitimized by law and religion. While the paradigm considers family as an integral part of society, alternative family arrangements such as single parent families and same sex parent families are seen as a deviance. This can be based on the fact that most religions see these types of family arrangements as unacceptable; the paradigm considers ...

A body of literature is relevant in any research. It is considered as a published collection of information that is relevant to addressing the research question.
Research is about answering gaps in knowledge and literature. In line with this, the research question provides a guideline for the researcher to determine the points he or she wishes to answer or address.
Questions such as what is the existing problem and what makes the problem relevant are commonly tackled during the definition of the research question. It provides the core of the research because it determines the focus of the researcher ...

Introduction

Economy experiences macroeconomic fluctuations over time that affects economic growth. The aggregate output, consumption, investment, net export, and employment may tend to grow over time but then drop suddenly. Economists continue to discern the current condition of the economy and where it is heading so that they can effectively deal with future economic events. Macroeconomic fluctuations mainly involve changes that occur in the demand-side of the economy, which determine the gross domestic product.
GDP= C+I+G+NX
Gross domestic product is never constant, but change due to many reasons like changes in government policies mainly in ...

1.0 Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Background and Rationale of the Research
The industry of construction is not only a key player in the national economic growth; but also a crucial sector affecting the economic and social welfare of citizenry, particularly in its primary function in providing reliable and decent shelter. It is viewed as one of the most essential sector to highly contribute to the growth of an entire economy at the provincial, national and international levels (Artto & Kujala, 2008). In the recent years, cost modelling and estimation for construction projects have attracted major attention of several research scholars. ...

Abstract

Andy’s Parties emerged as a successful startup for eight years from an unexpected uncovering of a robust and growing market for children’s birthday party. The business operates in a large market of working women with no time to arrange and manage their children’s birthday parties and who are willing and capable of paying the price for party services. While working mothers are getting more aware of their motherhood and marital obligations, their careers remained essential to their selfhood, making forcing them to choose both and balance the demands from either. The full service offer that Andy’ ...

The critical research paradigm was a development of Karl Marx with other critical, feminists and theorists (HUSTLER, GOLDBART, and HUSTLER, 2005). Critical theorists perceive reality in a different manner in comparison to interpretivism and positivists. They argue that reality results from powerful people who manipulate societal systems, condition society, and brainwash people to see things in a manner they want them (LINCOLN and GUBA, 1985). They manipulate the less powerful in fulfilling their individual requirements. From a critical perspective, human beings have an excellent potential when creativity and adaptability are questioned. The potentiality is, however, restricted and oppressed by conditions such as social ...

Ida Jean Orlando is one of the renowned nursing theorists who proposed that the nursing process should involve effective interaction with patients as it leads to successful interventions and positive outcomes. The main objective of Orlando’s theory is that planning of care and accomplishing interventions without obtaining the mutual consent of the patients is unprofessional (Alligood, 2013). In other words, the theorist states that nursing professionals should seek the mutual understanding of patients before appropriate planning. After testing Orlando’s theory in several health care facilities and settings, nursing professionals have been supporting its implementation as the theory ...

Introduction

There is no doubt that advertisements have meaning: this is the fundamental purpose of advertisements in today’s culture—to impart meaning on the viewer. However, through a thorough understanding of semiotics, it becomes clear that sometimes the meanings contained in advertisements are deeper and more complex than they seem at first glance. Everything that is produced in culture has a cultural meaning—some things, however, are much more culturally resonant than others (Chandler). Some thinkers have even suggested that all cultural realities and productions can be understood as a kind of cultural communication—and that this communication may ...

Slide 1

The title of my presentation is “Functions of Management”.
Slide 2
Management can be described as a social process that involves responsibility for effective and economic planning and regulation of a company in the fulfillment of certain purposes. It a dynamic process and consists of various activities and elements. These activities differ from operative functions such as finance, marketing, purchase, etc., but they are common to every manager regardless of his status or level. Numerous researchers have classified functions of management in a different way. According to Fayol, for example, there are four functions, but the most accepted are ...

Introduction

Economic perspective and economic laws are some of the important ones that associated with different economies of the world accordingly (Casson, 1990). As per the sayings of Alfred Marshall and Adam Smith, the law of economics revolves specifically around the level of economic perspective of consuming and utilizing the money. In fact the core sayings of these individuals are in the favor of effectiveness and shows that economies should utilize their facts and the consumption and savings values in a perfect and organized manner (Casson, 2006).
There are number of authors of economics which has had presented different ideas ...

Through the succession of the six paradigms, there has been a development in the public administration field. The public administrationists have gone through the reexamination in the field. This lies with the fact that the field has been going through a drastic change from its past (Henry, 1975). Not every person is capable of following the rules setup to guide a particular function. However, the city managers have been in a position to follow the paradigm changes as put across by Henry. The paradigms that the these city managers have been able to follow include;
Paradigm 1 which related to politics and ...

Kuhn Cycle presented by Thomas Kuhn in early 1960’s. This cycle was a very sophisticated method of telling about the science and its progress. Kuhn presented a model elaborating the ways how a science can contribute in the progress of a society. That model was named as “structure of a scientific revolution.” According to that model, Kuhn negated the outdated ideas about the progress of science. According to Kuhn, the world is relying on the idea in the field of science, and that idea portrays the slow and steady innovations and addition to the existing scientific progress. So Kuhn challenged that ideas and ...

“It is the surgeon who saves a person’s lifeit is the nurse who helps a person live” (Florence Nightingale). This famous nursing quote underscores the important role that nurses have played throughout the history of mankind. Florence Nightingale and many other nurses have come up with several nursing theories in a bid to better the profession. Through the evaluation of different theories; learners, practitioners and other interested stakeholders can understand the past and also predict the future of the nursing profession. In this paper, I will focus on two nursing theorists; Florence Nightingale (1820-1910) and University of Colorado’s Distinguished Professor ...

Why does Barber believe that the realist paradigm fails to provide U.S. guidance for U.S. foreign policy in the 21st century?
Barber believed that the realist paradigm fails to provide guidance for U.S foreign policy in the 21st century because the U.S concentrated more on the belief of individual states being the most important units for the success of the nation. The U.S regarded the international aspect as archaic therefore it failed to interact with other nations on the belief that they can succeed if they concentrate on their individualistic life. He argues that the states tend to ...

Scientific Paradigm and its Role in a Scientific Revolution

The scientific paradigm is the standardized and acceptable structure that provides a way to model problems and draw solutions to the scientists and other researchers. Paradigm provides guidelines to field members for their understanding to tackle the problem. The role of scientific paradigm in a scientific revolution is that it provides a successive transition from one paradigm to another that helps to develop a pattern of mature science. It also helps the scientific community bound their discipline to carry out research on any subject matter.

Deductive Reasoning vs. Inductive Reasoning

Scientists use multiple methods to understand and solve a problem. Inductive reasoning is one ...

As much as there has been the creation of employment opportunities massively generated by the oil industry in the Middle East and North African nations, there are still significant disparities on the level of women participation in the labor force as noted by Massoud and Moghadam (53). These disparities have been attributed to various factors, but the most outstanding reasons have remained to be two-fold; first, the traditional gender paradigm characterized by patriarchy play a significant role accompanied by occupational segregation which is mainly defined by disparities in the income level. This thesis paper explores the validity of the ...

In his book, Robert Meister criticizes Human Rights Discourse that has developed after World War Two and continues to rule a mainstream discussion today. The author discusses critical defects of this paradigm and supports his arguments with the relevant works from various areas of knowledge: from psychoanalysis to religion to political analysis. Besides, he analyzes historical examples of injustice from two perspectives: as a dichotomy of a native and a settler, characteristic of anticolonial struggle and a triad of a perpetrator, a victim, and a beneficiary, which is relevant to class struggle.
The key postulate of Human Rights Discourse, ...

Introduction

Pregnancy is a special period in women’s lives and while for some women it represents a time to increase their health and safety strategies for protecting themselves and their unborn babies, for others this period is solely stressful as they are trying to cope with their substance use. The alcohol and drug consumption among pregnant women is an increasingly concerning issue, as it affects both the child-bearing women’s health and the development of the fetus and later, of the child. This essay examines three research articles that discuss the effects of alcohol and drug use during and after pregnancy, ...

ABSTRACT

The study is aimed to assess whether gender affects citizens’ perceptions about punishment for domestic violence taking place within the United States’ society. The research is conducted in order to answer three questions, including discovering: 1) the major differences between the way that men and women view punishment for domestic violence, 2) the forms of punishment that are supported by the two different genders for those convicted of domestic violence and 3) how far can gender explain differences in opinion regarding domestic violence as an overall issue in society?
This study was completed using a quantitative research methodology with a ...

In health care, the role of spirituality is vital. The world of science is based in the view that every concept originated in experience or applicable to all the things that can be experienced while in the world of spirituality is based on personal and collective experiences in nature of being and the world that encompasses it. The healing hospitals are the health care institutions that focus on providing quality health care to patients with love. Healing hospitals believed in the traditional concept of healing; it focuses on providing love to patients as a basic element of the healing process. ...

Introduction

Oresteia is a trilogy pitting Greek tragedies that are written by Aeschylus. The trilogy concerns the closing stages of the curse that was cast in the House of Atreus. In its original sense, Oresteia referred to the four plays. However, in the contemporary world, it refers to the surviving trilogy. The primary theme in the trilogy is the change of the pursuit of personal vendetta to a new system that incorporates litigation. The name Oresteia is derived from the character of Orestes, who in a bout on anger and thirst for revenge pursues the revenge of his father’s murder. Throughout the ...

Complex texts form a key component of the common core in literary analysis. The ideal of such analyses are often farfetched and readily disputed. According to King, gaining real comprehension of common texts is hard for many scholars especially those in the preparatory phases of their studies. Often, the content, as well as structure have certain remarkable semblance relevant to the analyses within. This essay will exploit the various structural and content related paradigms of complex texts, emerging from the works of Stephen King. In the essay, I have analyzed my writing toolbox using ideals like the rhetorical triangle and ...

Introduction
Scholars of international relations have deemed the neorealist-neoliberal debate as the conventional paradigm of their discipline. Yet, the emergence of social constructivism in international relations has challenged that standard, and critics both acclaimed and disputed the approach in relation to the established ones in place (Zehfuss, 2002, p. 2). Whereas social constructivism proved influential within scholarly circles of international relations (Checkel, 1999, p. 545), its extent of influence has received indefinite assessments.
The extent to which social constructivism has transformed international relations serve as a gap that this study seeks to ...

Introduction

In improving the efficiency of the world health care program, technology and design should be highly considered. This will improve heath literacy through information access, education and wellness interventions. Studies show that health care environment improves the outcomes of the clinical services (Mairead, 2011). A hospital setting determines the outcome of illness. Healing hospital paradigm offers services beyond the traditional cure model (Mairead, 2011).

Description of a Healing Hospital

A healing hospital refers to a hospital whereby the moral values and working conditions in health care are taken into consideration by increasing the availability of the staff and services required (Burkhadt, 2010). Healing is the ...

Part One

The role of the media is a complex and multifaceted idea that cannot be understood unless it is critically viewed with reference to the various role-of-the-media models dependent on what an individual is seeking. Various models have been formulated to help in analyzing the role of the media with Nordenstreng, Christians, Glasser and Mcquail’s five paradigms model being one of such proven models. To Nordenstren et al, the role of the media can be argued within five paradigms; Liberal-individualistic paradigm, Social responsibility paradigm, Critical Paradigm, Administrative Paradigm and lastly Cultural Negotiation Paradigm (Fourie, 2008).

From Nordenstren et al’s ...

The short video identified is Children See Children Do. The video captures children mimicking actions of the parents with regard to their action and language. In the video, a parent is captured shouting and the child follows suit and begins shouting too (KidScan). Most of the copied activities by children from adults are negative ranging from littering, aggression and smoking. On the contrary, the video also shows a man helping a troubled lady and the child also turns out to offer help as for how his father had done (KidScan). The video is aimed to make people aware that ...

Organization Change

Analysis

When it comes to globalization, the impacts are often looked at in terms of corporations and businesses. However, the scope of the globalization and the change management involved goes quite far beyond that. Just as one example, globalization and its effect on higher education is massive. There are a couple of major theories and trends and some of them are rather different in nature. For example, there is what is as the convergence thesis. This thesis explains and asserts that there is a shift towards homogenization. In other words, there is an attempted fusing of multiple cultures and ...

The media have given the depiction of female-instigated violence a partial coverage, and the belief has been otherwise. In fact, the reporting and the perception of the society have been oriented to male- instigated violence and this construed thought has had a place in the media reporting parlance. Based on this desertion, I have realized a series of shortfalls that have often marred reporting and coverage of female instigated violence. Therefore, I can attest that the partiality in this reporting has construed the social mindsets that male propagates most violence, and the public belief has been that female aggressions ...

For the longest time, I believed in a fairly whole-hearted approach to the American Dream – if you worked hard enough, that was enough to get you to succeed. I very much valued hard work over education; my father, who was my role model all throughout my childhood, managed to build a business from the ground up, all without getting a college education. All my life, learning from my father, I figured that school would not really give me the tools I needed to succeed – he was able to make a business work with no education, after all, so why should I need to ...

Ponterotto, J. G. (2009). A Multicultural Competency Checklist for Counseling Training Programs. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 23(7), 11-20.
This article is useful because it sets the foundation into the topic of multicultural competency. This article focuses on the major facets that have been a source of multicultural incompetency in society. Six important themes are addressed in this article. The first important theme that is tackled by the author of this article is the idea of minority representation. The author acknowledges that minority are inadequately represented in some key facets of society. This non-representation has created a scenario ...

Introduction

There are serious challenges in rural education which require greater leadership and innovative approaches in order to be solved. The traditional system of education cannot do what needs to be done in the new century without reforms and new partnerships in the educational realms. The bottom line remains the total quality education which is more needed by the students in a globally competitive world. Thus, it is paramount for educational services to develop more globally participative citizens and this must extend even to the most remote areas of the different nations (te Velde, 2005).
Good quality schooling is a major ...

Discuss the Strategic Defense Initiative

The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) started in 1983 as a program under President Ronald Reagan. The main intention of the program was to implement a missile system so that it can reduce the rate of missile attacks from neighboring countries especially those in the Soviet Union. Therefore, this implies that U.S came up with this program in order to respond to the nuclear attack that they encountered from the afar. Notably, they later dismissed this program thus ending up to only existing as chapters in history books. However, with the main aim of the program being to act as a defense system ...

Abstract

In the past employees were required to be in the same geographical location as their place of work, but with recent innovations especially technological this is not the case.Sourcing and recruitment of employees can be done all over the world as long as the are fit for the job.The removal of bounderies and increased access to other parts of the word has lead to increased competition for jobs and only the most qualified are selected.This kind of changes in the work environment have had an impact in the every day life because of the issues that they have raised.The ...

- The Contextual Development of Marketing
Marketing is generally seen as a 20th century phenomena but it has been practiced for centuries just like commerce. The turn of the twentieth century, however, introduced marketing as a distinctive discipline. Modern marketing unquestionably originated, grew and thrived in USA. It was here that marketing was considered as a field of study worthy of scholarly endeavour. The post World War II world saw the availability of products and services to a large number of European and North American consumers (Egan 2008).
With the development in century, marketing emerged as a recognisable business-related activity. In the ...

There is no doubt that Amherst functions as a private health care institution. Speculations advanced by this literature review points toward unfolding the extent it is a private institution. This researcher’s assumption is that the extent to which Amherst is classified a private health care institution depends on an assessment concerning risks and returns exploring concepts pertaining to operations, performance, and talent.

The London School of Economics researchers confirmed that there were distinct factors relating management practices to outcomes as it pertains to financial returns in any health care institution (Dorgan et.al, 2009).Therefore, the ability to integrate risk and return ...

Introduction

The study of sociology requires different paradigms that take different theories. Theory enables sociologists to have multiple methods of conceptualizing the society. The angle upon which we explore social theory is called a paradigm. Kerbo defines a paradigm as a “fundamental image of the subject matter within science. It serves to define how it should be studied and what should be studied, what questions should be asked, how they should be asked, and what rules should be followed in interpreting the answers obtained.” Paradigm assumptions are similar to paradigms but more specific to images about a subject matter contained within a paradigm (Kerbo, 2009, ...

How Science Progresses According to Thomas Kuhn

In years when all people saw scientific progress as a constant development in an array of putative theories and facts, American historian and science philosopher Thomas Kuhn brought challenges to the prevailing scientific views. In his book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962), Kuhn espoused the notion that periods of revolutionary science interrupt the theoretical continuity in normal science and the encounter of irregularities during those periods brings a new paradigm that could alter the rules and directions of the research, raise questions of some old data, and lead to a phase further than the usual puzzle-solving of normal science (Emory University, ...

Question 1: Innovative marketing promotions campaign for L’Oreal

The innovative marketing promotions campaign for L’Oreal must have three main elements; the goals and objectives, the means of attaining the goals, and the exact tactics the campaigns will utilize to attain the goals. For L’Oreal, there is a need to increase the profits the new product is generating. Since its launch, the product has not been performing well in the market and it ha not reached its estimated target sales. The campaign, therefore, must increase the product’s profits by targeting both the existing customers as well as the new ones. The campaign will attain this through ...

Genetic counselling has been described as the process by which an individual fully understands and adapts to the contribution of genetic makeup in the medical and physiological state of the individual along with its influence on the familial implications of a disease condition [1]. Genomic medicine is at an all-time high in these years of fast developing technology in medicine [2]. The traditional process of genetic medicine and counselling involves the collection of data and interpretation of the history of pathology in the familial background of the individual along with the assessment of risks, informed consent, and psychosocial analysis ...

This report shall be a case study on change management and it shall focus on one particular company. However, rather than focus on a gleaming example of change management done right or a company that emerged stronger when it came to the practice of change management, this report shall instead focus on a company that did it too wrong and too late. Indeed, Blockbuster Video used to have a commanding share of the video rental market. However, they failed to read the proverbial tea leaves when it came to the paradigm shift to streaming and the use of kiosks ...

Biology is definitely one of the most prominent disciplines that made an enormous progress in recent decades. Contemporary biology is eagerly used by behavioral geneticists and provides a basis for its various researches and projects. One of the major paradigms of the 21st century is probably biosocial criminology. It is an interdisciplinary field, the first and foremost purpose of which is to explain crime and antisocial behavior by exploring both biological and environmental factors (Buss, 2015). Though the study of crime was great while dominated by the governing paradigm of sociological criminology, biosocial criminology is nowadays considered to be ...

Section one

Living in peace is essential to the maintenance of a successful environment. In fact, lack thereof compromises national due to the emotional, social and psychological turmoil created by the disturbance. With this in mind, it is worth acknowledging the fact that domestic violence is a pervasive problem in the global community. According to Sokoloff (157), one in every four women experiences domestic violence while in their relationships. Similarly, one in every seven men is a victim of domestic violence in their lifetime. In spite of the numerous interventions set aside to eliminate this problem, its complete eradication has not ...

The human becoming theory by Rosemarie Rizzo has its basis on the idea that the goal of nursing is to achieve a quality of life and that this quality of life is based on each person’s perspective. Essentially, each human has their individual perception on what the quality of life entails. The theory has three major paradigms including meaning, rhythmicity, and transcendence (Parker, Marilyn and Smith, 273). The meaning paradigm is embedded on the assumption that human becoming is the ability to find a personal meaning in the situations around them and that the reality of human is ...

Credit Risk Management Analysis

Credit risk emanates from the peril of loss of principal or shortfall of a financial reward stemming from a borrower default to repay a loan obligation. The failures to honor a contractual agreement of a loan results of a wholesale credit risk. When a borrower envisages to use future cash flow to pay a current debt credit risk will eventually arise. Then the savers will assume credit risk by way of interest payment from the borrower or issuer of the debt obligation.
The wholesale credit risk, therefore, emanates from the defaulters of debt obligation that have been acquired from ...

Introduction

The lean concept has gained popularity in the recent past especially in the globalization of various business operations due to the introduction of multinational organizations. Different lean principles as explained in the paper enable organizations to overcome waste in various trade actions carried out. The concept makes business organizations achieve their objectives more flexibility and profitability, making businesses able to control their operations in the most optimal way possible. Waste, as used in the paper, implies the various activities that limit the smooth flow of business process with no value addition to the commerce. Some of the main activities ...

Question 1: Kuhn does not think that scientific theory choice is determined solely by evidence. Why not? Why can’t evidence force theory change, and what other considerations get involved?

Scientific theory choice is determined by several factors rather than just the presence or absence of evidence. These factors that determine the choice of a theory are according to Kuhn, an influence of the community of scientists rather than a decision of a single scientist. Kuhn argues that in the presence of two theories that do explain a similar scenario, the choice of the more virtuous theory is down to a group of practitioners designing several weighting preferences upon which the virtuous theory can be decided. The strength of evidence is not in this case considered as a factor of choice of a theory. According to ...

Policing is a complex endeavor to say the least since these brave men and women are tasked with the heavy load of preempting social deviance and ensuring law and order. It’s however a very thin line that exists between a decent law abiding society and a lawless hopeless wasteland. The line is made even thinner by the fact that, in this modern society things are not as black and white as they would normally appear to be and grays are apparently the new order of the day (Carter, 2005).

Undoubtedly the most monumental development in policing in the United States has been ...

At present, the consensus view among social scientists reflects the idea that human races are socio-cultural constructions, but the persistence of the notion of a biological reality behind “race” is undoubtedly enduring both in popular culture and among scientists. Garner (2009) offers a sufficiently elaborate explanation for the misconception of race as a biological and genetic reality. A closer look at the socio-cultural reality behind “race” will reveal not only socio-political narratives that systematically re-inscribe racial categorization, but also the commercial and technological themes behind the socio-cultural concept of “race”.
Garner (2009, pp. 1-5) emphasizes the reality that the lines between ...

English

Maps can be very instrumental in the description of a given geographical period. The most interesting thing about this description is that it is seemingly limitless. This means that maps can be used to describe a wide range of factors that exist in a given geographical zone for example population or the structure of the land in terms of topography and the general outline of the structures of the land if they are natural or manmade. Thus maps are very instrumental as far as the description of a given place is concerned. The following essay focuses on a map titled anti-Semitic incidents in Europe ...

INTRODUCTION

The least amount of money offered to the workers in order to remunerate them for the tasks which they perform is called as the minimum wage rate (Saget, 2008). The wage rate offered to the workers is paid as suggested and prescribed by law. Usually the wage rate is denoted by hourly remuneration, and this rate is offered to the workers (Schulten, 2008). The legal authorities of the area are the ones which determine and negotiate the minimum wage rate which is permissible. The collective bargaining process includes the government regulations and this process specifically aims at proposing the ...