Parole College Essays Samples For Students

Introduction

There are lots of positions available in the justice and correction industry waiting to be filled by qualified—in terms of skills and educational background, applicants. As a brief background, correction is an umbrella term used to describe different possible functions and actions that may be carried out by a particular state department (e.g. supervision, treatment, rehabilitation, and punishment) towards individuals who have been incarcerated or convicted of crime. Other functions of a corrections department include imprisonment, parole, probation, and even re-imprisonment for particular cases.
Every independent state usually has a dedicated department for monitoring and regulating corrections. In the state of ...

According to the American Psychological Association’s Guidelines

The justice system in America is supposed to be comprised of the top officials this country has to offer. Skilled men and women from across America are supposed to put their talents to work when it comes to preventing crime, and rehabilitating criminals. Lately, we have been falling short on both fronts. In an effort to rehabilitate criminals, parole officers have implanted many different strategies. Two of these strategies are the casework supervision model and the brokerage supervision model. They are very different in type and use, designed to help previous offenders reshape their lives. However, between the two, ...

The two basic models for parole administration are the consolidated model and the independent model.

Pros of the Consolidated Model of Administering Parole
Consolidated Model is considered as a program that is community-based hence its administration can be done in a single centralized location.
Consolidated Model of parole administration is a better model for the board of parole that is ineffective when it comes to performing administrative functions.
Consolidated Model helps in promoting consistent administration in the consolidated correction department that will render a better results offered by the services of community staffs.
Optimal effectiveness and efficiency of all staffs can be achieved by using a single administration that are in charge of correctional process ...

According to Mackenzie (2002) about five million or more individuals are under criminal justice system supervision and authority in the United States of America. Close to 1.6 million are housed in local, state or federal correctional facilities. An estimated 70% of these individuals are supervised in either probation or parole, which are forms of community corrections. The suggestion here is that a large part of the correctional population at any one point is under the supervision of corrections in the United States (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1997). About 3.8 individuals both men and women are in community parole and ...

Individuals on probation or parole find themselves in a rather peculiar situation for even though they are no longer in prison they are nevertheless considered to be still in jail.
When a person is released from jail and placed on probation or parole, they are given a manual detailing all the conditions for their probation or parole. The parole officer can then add or eliminate some of these conditions. These must be in writing.
Part of the requirements for probation or parole is that the parolee must agree to an absolute waiver of the Fourth Amendment rights, which demands that ...

Question One: Change of legal status as a result of a conviction

Every citizen of the United States of America has constitutional rights which protect him or her from illegal searches by police officers. This is provided for under the 4th amendment which protects citizens from illegal searches and seizures. The exclusionary rule means that some evidence which is collected in violation of the defendant’s constitutional rights is inadmissible. The 5th Amendment of the constitution protects citizens from being witnesses against themselves. The 6th amendment is also another important right that cizens have, this provides the citizens with the right to counsel. The Miranda rights are also very important and ...

- Reasons for and against parole and probation officers having arrest powers and the right to carry firearms.
Parole and probation officers engage with aggressive offenders and work in high risk and hazardous areas. They usually experience violent incidents including threats, attacks by the offender’s dogs, physical violence and resistance from arrest, so they need to carry firearms for personal defense and have arresting authority. According to the National Center for Policy Analysis, criminals under community release commit approximately 15 murders per day hence proper arming and arrest powers is necessary in defensive situations. Arming probation and ...

There are several differences between probation and parole and this paper goes into detail to discuss the differences between these two and to give examples of each.
According to Latessa and Smith (2015, p. 42), “probation represents one of the unique developments within the criminal justice system” and goes on to define probation as “a conditional sentence that avoids an offender being incarcerated; in other words, it is an alternative disposition available to the court.” Similarly, Petersilia (1997, p. 149) notes that The American Correctional Association defines parole as “a court-ordered dispositional alternative through which an adjudicated offender is ...

Differences between probation and parole

While much has been hypothesized regarding the similarities between probation and parole, it is crucial to note that they exhibit a number of differences. Above all probation differs from parole based on the fact that probation is a sentence that allows a criminal offender to remain in the community. However, in cases of probation, there are certain terms that should be met by the offender. Example of such terms includes the need to report to the assigned probation officer on an agreed schedule. In addition, these terms may require an offender sentenced on probation to avoid certain behavioral practices such as smoking ...

ETHICAL VIOLATIONS BY ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS

The Law and Order SUV episode Parole Violations is a trip on the dark side of law enforcement. The story is a look at how people in power within the enforcement system, in particular, Parole Officers, can and do use their power to manipulate and control parolees, who are entrusted by the system to their care and direction. Parolees are often struggling to find their way while fighting the stigma of being a convicted criminal. This episode examines some concepts that go against the norm, such as whether to believe the word of a convicted criminal over that of ...

Probation and Parole are the most salient correctional tools in the society’s efforts in enforcing both criminal and juvenile justice. They are essentially designed to motivate offenders into reforming for the better. When a probation sentence is meted, the offenders are allowed to serve their sentences out of prison. They may be assigned community service duties and at the same time be closely monitored by the respective probation authorities. On the other hand parole implies that an offender who is serving a prison sentence is released on account of good behavior especially if the sentence they are serving ...

Abstract

Overpopulation of prison systems has led to the need to find alternative means of sentencing the people that are convicted of a crime. There are many variations that are used, but two of the most common are community service orders and probation or parole. In many cases they are combined. Through critical analysis, it shows that there is a lot of benefit, but there are also a lot of problems associated with these two methods. Overall the most effective would be a combination of the two alternative sentencing options.
There are continued issues, when it comes to the prison system housing too ...

My Research group problem is about community based corrections. In these regards, there are instances the implemented so as to facilitate the functioning of parole services. As a matter of fact, aspects of parole are devised from existing theories that support issuing of punishment. It is the most advocated for punishment that takes due regards of instances such as correcting the individual while at the same time purposing to inform the community that the acts by a former convict are frowned upon and unacceptable. In as far as the agency is concerned, the following instances are manifested; the agency in this ...

How it Works

The parole system enables some prisoners to be released early under controlled conditions. The first stage in the parole system is eligibility. According to the US Department of Justice (1), eligibility conditions are outlined by the laws of a region and the courts hand down the sentence. If the prisoner is eligible, he or she then applies for parole and brings forth a case to the parole board. In its consideration to allow a prisoner into parole, the parole board examines a number of issues that are related to the case. These include the nature of the committed crime, previous criminal record of ...

Criminal Rehabilitation

Origins of rehabilitation in prison
With time, punitive approaches in relation to criminal justice system have significantly lost influence. In this regard, there has been a subsequent introduction of community correction programs to meet the desired need of rehabilitation. Introduction of counseling in criminal justice is sourced on the knowledge that, recidivism based crime is often radicalized as compared to the original crime. Again, vengeance, a subsequent of recidivism, is gaining popularity in the criminal world. The commencing research will examine the various forms of rehabilitation that are applicable in responding to criminal situations (Duff, 2005).
Criminal rehabilitation is a ...

Release on parole or a shortening of a prison sentence are both highly complex issues that need to be viewed from both a legal as well as humanitarian standpoint. While ‘imminent danger to society’ is an integral component in determining if parole should be granted to any convict, I believe that when the crime relates to sex offences, even more care and precaution is necessary. The option of early release should only come in question if and when there are very explicit mitigating circumstances, such as the criminal being afflicted by a mental disease that prompted the action, and ...

The US has one of the most admirable legal systems, as well as, criminal justice systems in the world. However, the US criminal justice system has a host of challenges even though it is one of the best criminal justice institutions in the world. Crime rate is significantly high in the US. On an annual basis, thousands of people found guilty are sent to correctional facilities. Likewise, numerous ex-convicts are released into the society annually. In the current era, American correctional facilities champion to initiate behavior change so that convicts get out these institutions with better behaviors (Siegel, 2012). Behavior ...

LASA: Evaluation of a Forensic Psychological Report

Abstract
This is a research report that provides information about a case and a review that has been analyzed in relation to the conventions and standards in psychological reporting for parole boards. The findings show that there are some limitation and inappropriate levels and measures that have been used. The research could be improved and made more relevant, reliable and understandable.
There are some things relating to cultural sensitivity issues like language and consent as well as local community variables that were not put in place. Furthermore, some challenges in the subject under review suggests that there could be ...

Over the years, several problems have emerged in relations to parole management. At some point in time, parole management posed several challenges that people began to think that perhaps it’s something that is relatively impractical; however, intense pressure was laid to law enforcement agencies to come up with programs that could effectively work. Parole is just but a status of a convicted offender being released conditionally from prison before the actual expiry of the incarceration period by a paroling authority (Donald, 2011). Due to this reason, the inmates are thoroughly supervised by the relevant authority; moreover, they are ...

Parole officers work in either a correctional facility or serve the community. This discussion focuses on the roles of a parole officer attached to a correctional facility, and the importance he or she helps towards steering the convicts in the right step of life. Principally, a parole officer manages and supervises multiple offenders, and ensures their behavior soundness (Gaines, & Miller, 2009). Besides, these officers work within the stipulated policy framework to provide judgments and follow-ups on the behavioral trends of the convicts. Also, the officer ensures closer contact with the offender while maintaining high level of management and supervision.
...

Introduction

Careers in human services continue to increase, and numerous Sociology and other Social Sciences majors decide on a career within the human services field. Most often, professionals within this field aid others with community, health, and individual services. In addition, many human services professionals find their careers rewarding considering they are able to serve the people of the communities in which they reside. While there are an abundance of appealing careers within human services, the five selected for this essay include: social workers, social and human services assistants, rehabilitation counselors, mental health counselors, and probation officers.

Social Workers

When people think of ...

Parole or probation refers to the internationally accepted mechanism allowing the conditional release of a tried and convicted offender from a correctional facility or center into the community preceding the expiration of their sentences of incarceration as imposed by a court of law (Schlager, p. 273). This community-based supervision usually occurs during the sentence of incarceration based on the positive adjustments of the offender to rehabilitative goals established during this incarceration period. Probations or paroles are not only aimed at releasing the offenders from incarceration, but also aimed at decongesting the rehabilitation facilities as well as reintegrating the offenders back into the ...

In attempts to ensure that the society remains free from crimes and the offenders are brought to justice effectively, there have been established various different kinds of laws that keep society in order. Two of such laws that are widely practiced in attempts to minimize crimes and to detain offenders are probation and parole.
Probation is a law according to which a person who has made an offence against the law is not detained in a prison but is rather released into the society for a specific period of time in order to give him or her ...

In order to understand where the juvenile justice system is today, we need to look back and understand the history of the juvenile justice system. When the first settlers arrived in America, they brought along the juvenile justice system that was in effect in England. This system evolved and improved through the 1800s. During the 1900s, landmark cases changed the course of juvenile justice in the United States. Unfortunately, the present juvenile system is more concerned with punishment than rehabilitation. Reformers are working to change the current juvenile justice system as it is too harsh. First, let us look ...

Introduction

People commit a variety of crimes on a daily basis. Some crimes are minor incidents that do not have an extensive consequence or sentence to uphold by the offender. There are crimes that are committed that are in a higher bracket and these crimes have a more serious sentence. People often commit a crime for a number of reasons. Some crimes committed were not even done by the person who was charged in the incident. There needs to be proof or evidence that can place the alleged criminal at the crime scene when it accrued. It is important that ...

Second Chances

Introduction
More than 20 years ago, adult murderers were getting arrested for manslaughter which was common back in those days and people did not expect any concept of juvenile murderers of being created. Incidentally, America was not prepared to send a child to jail for murderous crimes and it can hardly be argued that it was thought inhumane. However, with more juvenile murderers on the rise, more and more people such as families of those murdered have begun to agree that juvenile murderers should be locked up.
Cruel and unusual punishment has been mentioned in cases such as these ...

Life in prison without the possibility of parole is such a harsh sentence especially for children. These children are condemned to die in prison without having room to reform and have a second chance in life. An article titled “Life without Parole? No Child Deserves That” by Jody Kent Lavy, appeared in the Washington Post, A19 on June 27, 2013. The article addresses this issue and points out how these children are denied a chance to live a second life, considering that their actions might have been influenced by factors beyond their control. It happens that the United States of America is the ...

Rehabilitation and AB109 Paper

Offenders are always punished in different ways. Fundamentally, this is in a bid to restore and enhance a desirable state of social cohesion. The characteristic rehabilitation refers to efforts geared towards enabling an individual to effectively readapt to society and assume practices that are consistent with the societal rules and regulations. In his research, Gottschalk (2006) indicates that the origin of the practice of rehabilitative imprisonment can be traced in penitentiaries that were constructed at the close of the nineteenth century and were by all means informed by biblical principles that postulated that offenders who are left in solitude have a chance ...

Capture and control; this is the current system of policing in the country. Instead of giving attention to improving options of providing rehabilitation options for the incarcerated inmates, the police office is more concerned about catching more to put behind the bars. As a result, the prison population continues to increase and the need for expanding jail facilities become a great problem not only for the administration but for the whole community as well. Supporting the needs of these incarcerated inmates post distinct problems when it comes to managing the budget allotted for the support of the justice systems imposed in ...

Indeterminate sentencing and parole received a fair share of criticism that led to their ultimate abandonment by some states. The sentencing system, for example, was seen to be an unnecessary burden to the tax payer through allowing prisoners to overstay their due term even after a successful change of behavior (Rikard & Rosenberg 2007). Secondly, the shifting of prisoners from one jail to another due to overcrowding in jails led to confusion over the assessment of change of behavior by prisoners since, at times, prisoners were sent to jails that could not continue the rehabilitation program they were on (Ball ...

Prisoners when in jail fall ill regularly and have to be tended to in the prison. The prisoners cannot be taken out of jail so that they can receive the medical attention required for their illness. However, they may at times get terminal illness when in jail. The terminal illnesses may at times restrict their movement to their cells or in the wards of the prison where they do not get any type of moral support (FAMM 53). Every patient in the world needs some form of moral support in his or her bid to get better and overcome ...

Introduction

A cruise on an empty road in Miami turns my uncle’s and my vacation upside down. After the Police pulled us over for speeding, the officers handcuffed my uncle Bob and placed him under arrest. Since we are from California and my uncle never set foot in Florida ever before. In addition, these officers have Uncle Bob’s entire rap sheet including the length of his prison sentences. This paper analyzes the various information systems used by police forces across the nation that provides law enforcement with instant information on any potential threats.

Process of transferring data from California to Miami

The police officers in Miami ...

Abstract

Overcrowding of prisons is a problem that transcends borders and knows no gender. It is a problem that affects both the industrialized countries and industrializing countries yet addressing it effectively remains the subject of many strategies: some tried and true while some are new to the sometimes rigid criminal justice departments in some countries. Estimates in the United States show that by the year 2005, federal prisons were operating at 134% capacity while state prisons were operating at 107% capacity. This is an increase in a dangerous trend of soaring numbers of prisoners that has been evident in the past four decades. ...

Statistics is an essential element of comparison in the public service delivery. It creates the avenue to pit one service against the other in a bid to understand the effectiveness of different services within a particular work environment or department. As a result, one can know the details about provision of services to the public and the level of efficiency. Accessing data from the federal government about the operation and services of government departments is important in helping concerned citizens understand the speed with which services are rendered. The report focuses on the Department of Justice to examine various ...

(School/University)

Capital Punishment as Public Policy: Bane or Boon?

In the philosophy of those that advocate for the implementation of capital punishment as a form of public policy in crime deterrence and punitive criminal agenda, the crime should befit the punishment. If a life has been taken, then the life of the one who took that life must be the “payment” for the crime. In the United States, the implementation of capital punishment as a crime deterrence policy is still much in force; of the 50 states in the Union, only 14 have abrogated the use of the death penalty in their criminal laws. However, with the prevailing economic conditions, ...

Abstract

Mandatory Sentencing takes away the benefit of considering the circumstances involved when arriving at the sentence against the specific crime. This article discusses the disadvantages of “Mandatory Sentencing” on the basis of “Mandatory Sentencing” beating the very purpose of Justice, “Mandatory Sentencing” prevents rehabilitation of Prisoners by denying Parole and the financial impact on state and families of offenders undergoing “Mandatory Sentencing”
Keywords: Mandatory Sentencing, Probation, and Special category offenders.

Justice is defined as the proper administration of the law, the fair and equitable treatment of all individuals under the law. The very objective of “Justice” is punishment, ...

This paper illustrates in detail on the issues of mandatory sentencing as an aspect that is not deterrent to some crimes. It is general practice in many States, in United Sates of America that the panel of adjudicators is limited to passing some degree of sentences to individuals liable of crimes (Ohio Parole Board Handbook, 2012). As a result, there is a lighthearted push to bring about changes in crime laws so that special category offenders’ rights are a consideration. The idea is that given the “special” tag” these individual are qualified for parole meaning they do not have to serve their ...

Death penalty has been a part of the legal system for centuries, and regarded as deterrent to major crimes. It had greater relevance when policing system wasn’t as well developed. Also, in those the penitentiaries weren’t as well developed so has to confine such convicts for rest of their lives. In recent times though, capital punishment has come to be regarded by many as inhumane with little or no deterring value. Major ethical issues are never easily resolved, therefore continues. It is a topic of hot debate whether the state itself should be a sponsor of killings under the pretext ...

Plea/Verdict: Not guilty by reason of insanity/Guilty but insane (GBI)

Total Days in Jail: 248
Present Offences: The defendant has been found guilty of felony murder, aggravated assault, kidnapping, burglary, and possession of Schedule I drugs.
Penalty Range: O.C.G.A. § 16-5-1 (d), felony murder; punishable by death, by imprisonment for life without parole, or by imprisonment for life. O.C.G.A. § 16-5-21 (c), aggravated assault upon a peace officer while the peace officer is engaged in his or her official duties; punishable by imprisonment for not less than five nor more than 20 years. O.C.G.A. § 16-5-40 (b), kidnapping, victim received bodily injury; punishable by life imprisonment or by death. O.C.G.A. § 17-10-6.1, kidnapping ...

A Chart that Illustrates the Criminal Justice System

Differences between the steps in the Juvenile and the Adult criminal justice systems
There are differences that exist between the juvenile and the adult court systems in the US. One such difference touches on the topic of legal proceedings. In the adult criminal justice system, the reason for accusing an adult is on the grounds of a crime and in such a case, the proceedings are referred to as trials. The reason for charging a juvenile is on the grounds of the youth having indulged in a delinquent act and such a case; the proceedings are referred to as ...

Several factors have led to the rapid changes in sentencing structures in the United States. According to Latessa and Smith: “Following a very long period of relative inactivity (1930-1974), American sentencing laws and practices began to undergo rapid change, a fundamental restructuring of the sentencing process” (2015, p. 19). This is supported by Phelps (2011, p. 33), who argued that “Scholars of mass incarceration point to the 1970s as a pivotal turning point in US penal history, marked by a shift towards more punitive policies and a consensus that ‘nothing works’ in rehabilitating inmates.”
Four main factors have been ...

Introduction

Juvenile court system is a parallel criminal system provided for juvenile delinquents. Criminal justice system realized that juvenile offenders have special needs as compared to adult criminals in that they are young, and have great future to pursue; therefore, the main objective of the juvenile justice system is to rehabilitate them. The United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) asserts that, the objective of the juvenile justice system is to “encourage a process of behavioral change by helping the child or young person to feel accountable for his or her actions and understand their impact on others, and foster integration ...

Probabation is primarily a result of an offense where mostly a detailed action is required and is closed and managed through the involvement of larger number of individuals and detailed closures. It is very effective and immediately reaching the offender and providing the results. Normal, civil violations are a common example where the local police can arrange for proper judgments.

Parole

Parole on the other had is highly systematic as compared to the above, however involves a set function of the management where the decision making is done through carefully selected judges and provides the offender a strong result through detailed hearing process and may take a ...

Juvenile Murderers: A Second Chance or Death

Introduction
The question over treatment of juvenile murderers creates a major debate in the social and political circles. There are proponents of public supporting punishment in the form of a life in prison without parole called LWOP, many believe that capital punishment is needed, and others support the implementation of life in prison with work and restitution called LWOP + W/R (Moon, Wright, Cullen, & Pealer, 2000, p. 663). One common aspect is the belief of the public is the need for bringing people to justice by either jail time or capital punishment. Another important aspect of the juvenile punishment system ...

Role of Sentencing Philosophies

Sentencing philosophies have evolved over time. As these philosophies have evolved, so have correctional practices to accommodate the various types of punishment imposed upon those convicted of criminal offenses.
Indeterminate sentencing started losing favor in 1970s for a number of reasons. Indeterminate sentencing allowed parole officers and judges to be too lenient in the way they handle convicted criminals at the expense of the safety of the public. When violent offenders receive lenient treatments, the public is more likely to be infuriated since these criminals are prone to commit more heinous crimes. Additionally, indeterminate sentencing allows for the application ...

Over the last several decades, the criminal justice system has undergone historic transformations in the thinking and practice of sentencing and corrections. The basic facts are these: Throughout much of the 20th century, the guiding principle of corrections was rehabilitation, a utilitarian philosophy of criminal justice implemented through indeterminate sentencing models. The idea behind this approach was that the duration of incarceration was immaterial, so long as offenders emerged from prison rehabilitated. The 1970s gave way to a new approach, “just deserts” a philosophy grounded in the idea that sentencing and corrections should prioritize retribution over offender rehabilitation. The ...

Introduction

The probation probe and the Missouri board were established on June 24th, 1973.This board releases the offenders who have committed crime in confinement by conditional release. The board determines whether the offender is to be released on residential facilities, through the community release, or whether the use of electronic monitoring would be appropriate. The board also establishes the specified condition that will address the specific needs of the offender hence this reduces the risks that may be associated with the same and this will improve the success of the board under the supervisions. This board further conduct investigations on ...

California Department of Correction has been faced with numerous challenges that put a strain on their finances. The state itself has experienced fiscal setbacks, whereas the prisons keep receiving inmates at a high rate, leading to overpopulation. It has been observed that neither the early releases nor parole would solve this crisis. The reason is because most of the inmates who finish their sentence either by being pardoned or other release strategies, tend to come back sooner with other penalties. Funds used to sustain the inmates and maintain the correctional facilities comes from various sources. One of the sources being the ...

Three Strikes: Is it effective?

Introduction
California’s draconian imprisonment law, the “Three Strikes” law, was the completion of a decade long movement of adopting “get tough on crime” laws. However, though these types of laws have resulted in a 300 percent increase in the prison population in the United States, many Americans felt more prone to violence than the decade before the enactment of the law (Vitello, 1997, p. 395).
Washington was the first state to enact these laws in 1993, so called because of the manner of their operation for incarcerating anyone convicted of three separate cases of violent offenses to serve a ...

Introduction

America has an elaborate correction system that has existed for many years. It has not been established when the first correction facility (prison/jail) came into existence in America, but historians and other scholars have suggested that it was established in 1700s. Since its establishment, the American’s correction system has undergone tremendous transformation and changes in terms of reforms to enhance its operations, efficiency, and functions with the intention to curb crime, punish criminal offenders, and maintain status quo, and social order. Before the establishment of prisons and modern correction facilities, the criminal justice system employed punitive and cruel ...

Write an essay that considers the criminal process from arrest through sentencing and appeal. Identify and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses inherent in the process along each step in the process. In your evaluation, discuss how these weaknesses might be corrected. What factors push against their correction? Also, assess how factors external to the criminal justice system such as budgetary and political realities impact the identified strengths and weaknesses.

Introduction

Criminal process known otherwise as criminal procedure is characterized by three phase of pre-trial, during trial and after trial. Most often criminal process is set in motion upon arrest of ...

5 Major of Goals Corrections

5 Major of Goals Corrections
The courts and corrections, they have the joint obligation towards the attainment of five (5) goals: retribution, deterrence, incapacitation, rehabilitation and restoration (Smallbone, Marshall and Wortley, 2013, p. 16). The allocation and administration of punishment is the cornerstone of criminal justice policy because punishment is applied for retributive purposes. Although punishment may be viewed as a form of retribution, it does not in itself serve the crime prevention purpose. The recent study of Smallbone et al. (2013, p. 20) has shown that punishment is effective in suppressing target behavior, ...

- Purpose of a victim impact statement
A victim impact statement is a report by which victims of crime provide information in the sentencing process. It contains written or oral information from victims on how the crime has affected them. It helps to outline the effect to which victims got injured on a monetary basis and acts as a means of maintaining probationary status. It serves the purpose of providing a medium through which victims of crimes express in writing the effect of the crime. The impact can be in the form of economic loss as well as physical and psychological impacts on ...

Sentencing may be described as the decision of action taken against one convicted of an offense. Sentencing is obviously an important decision in the criminal justice process, and has evolved with it. Society has traditionally responded to criminal acts by handing over a punishment to the offender. In the implementation of sentencing, a conflict is evident between the goals of equal justice and the individualized justice with punishment to the offender, in line with the interpretation of the criminal law. It should be noted here that there is an element of reflex in our concept of punishment. Human beings have a tendency ...

The death penalty in the United States has long been a controversial issue – the idea of putting someone to death for their crimes is thought, by some, to be an antiquated idea that went out with the stocks. However, there is still significant public support for the measure as a deterrent. When considering the prison costs and the flaws inherent in the justice system, it becomes somewhat clearer that the death penalty is not a cost-effective or ethical measure. Given the non-unanimous level of support for the death penalty, as well as the possibility of executing innocent citizens who have been wrongfully ...

INTRODUCTION

The death penalty in the United States has long been a controversial issue – the idea of putting someone to death for their crimes is thought, by some, to be an antiquated idea that went out with the stocks. However, there is still significant public support for the measure as a deterrent. When considering the prison costs and the flaws inherent in the justice system, it becomes somewhat clearer that the death penalty is not a cost-effective or ethical measure. Given the non-unanimous level of support for the death penalty, as well as the possibility of executing innocent citizens who have been wrongfully ...

California in 1851 initiated its first correctional institutions that were run by the state. CDCR’s history can be fully traced to 1912 when it was called California State Detentions Bureau(California Department of Correction & Rehabilitation, n.d.”). Then in 1951 the name changed to California Department of Corrections, and then in 2004 changed its name to California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR) (California Department of Correction & Rehabilitation, n.d.”). Currently the CDCR is managed by Secretary Scott Kernan and Ralph M. Diaz who is the Undersecretary (“CDCR Executive Staff, n.d.”).
The California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR) is ...

Our country has managed to make it to the top of the list when we count nations with the greatest rates of incarceration amongst its population and of course, because of the same trend, the taxpayers are paying colossal sums of money to keep the crooks off the streets. We have finally realized that we should be working towards reducing the cost that the country incurs for the maintenance of its prison population, and we have already tried and tested the option of reducing the spending of the food, and the recreation of the prisoners and the option has ...

Mental illnesses are the mental disorders that cause changes in a person’s thinking, emotion, and behaviour. The illnesses are likely to cause problems to a person’s social and work functioning (Parekh, 2015). There is inadequate knowledge and skills on how to deal with people with these disorders. The involvement of mentally ill people in the criminal justice system continues to increase, which raises concern for administrators, policy makers, and treatment providers in the justice system. This is one area that requires change and people to be more educated on the subject. I had a chance to work ...

The rebuttal of the presumption of innocence amongst under-aged children is done in cases when a child commits a serious crime. Thus, when a child between ages 13 and 16 commits a serious crime like murder or aggravated sexual assault, such a child is charged like an adult. In spite of this, such a process leads to serious consequences for these underage offenders who are often below their formative years. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impacts of charging minors who commit serious crimes like adults. This will include the review of the implications and possibility ...