Placenta College Essays Samples For Students

Placenta previa refers to an obstetric complication that in most cases occurs as painless vaginal bleeding especially in the third trimester and is secondary to abnormal placentation that covers the cervix. When there is a complete coverage of the cervix, a complete Previa occurs (Joy, 2015). Joy (2015) stated that if the leading edge is below two centimeters from the cervix but not partially covering it, such a case presents the marginal Previa. Partial placenta previa occurs when the placenta covers a section of the cervix. In particular, placenta previa occurs when the placenta implantation occurs at the lower ...

1.0 Background of Immune Tolerance

The immune system is the natural defense that combats disease causing agents in the body[ CITATION Gre02 \l 1033 ] through an intricate and coordinated interactions of many classes of proteins and cells[ CITATION Len00 \l 1033 ].The immune system has a potential to destroy the body cells but in all vertebrates the system is capable of distinguishing “self” from “non-self” molecules. That way the immune system eliminates pathogens and molecules that are a threat to the integrity of the organism without “self-destructing”[ CITATION Len00 \l 1033 ]. The human body has several mechanisms of either suppressing or eliminating autoreactive immune cells. Some ...

Question 1 (Word Count = 332)
Is there a difference in hemoglobin concentration at enrolment between women with detectable peripheral malaria parasites and those without detectable parasites?
In order to test whether hemoglobin concentration recorded at enrolment is different in women with detectable peripheral malaria parasite from those without detectable parasites, a Student t-test is required. Using the student, the mean of two samples are compared to determine whether there is any significant difference between the two samples.
Analysis of the data for “Hb at enrolment visit” variable and the “Malaria at enrolment” variable was done using SPSS to ...

Introduction

Body-Literature Review
- The importance use of oxytocin use in obstetrics
- The importance of Oxytocin use in postpartum haemorrhage
- Oxytocin use by paramedics
- Summary

Conclusions

Recommendations
Abstract
This document embraces a literature review research into the feasibility of oxytocin for the management of postpartum haemorrhage in the pre-hospital setting. Scientists have discovered that oxytocin has shown to have reduced the risk of postpartum haemorrhage yet only some ambulance services are equipped with the drug. This discussion explores reasons for paramedic professionals electing not to have oxytocin in their execution units and ultimately ...

Introduction 1

Physiology of Normal Pregnancy 2
Germinal stage3
Embryonic stage4
Foetal stage..5

Placental development and function6

Uterine.7
Structural and Functional Changes to Maternal Systems 8
Maternal Physiological Adaptations of the Respiratory System 9
Upper respiratory system..10
Thorax and Diaphragm..11

Maternal Physiological Adaptations of the Renal System 12

Summary 13
Figure 1. The left-hand duplicate displays a woman's body before she her pregnancy, and the right-hand appearance shows her body carrying a foetus full term.14

References: 15

Introduction
A lot of the human cells are usually reproduced and then replaced throughout the life of a pregnant woman. However, the procedure does vary when it comes to the type of ...

1.1: Structure and Function of reproductive organs

Diagram of female reproductive organs

AC 1.2 Testosterone, Progesterone and Oestrogen
Oxford definitions of Testosterone, Progesterone and Oestrogen. These are as follows:
- Testosterone: Testosterone is a steroid hormone stimulating development of male secondary sexual characteristics.
- Progesterone: Progesterone is a steroid hormone that maintains pregnancy and prevents further ovulation. It is also used in oral contraceptive pills.
- Oestrogen: A groups of steroid hormones, which promotes the development, and maintenance of female sexual characteristics.
The Menstrual CycleInterview of three women regarding their experience of menstrual cycle. Three women, Mrs. A, Miss B and ...

Identical twins are very much same. They share common likes, they look quite similar, and they often found dress in similar cloths. However, there parents are aware of their differences but it is difficult for outsiders to differentiate identical twins. Identical twins have common genetic components that make them alike but they still have various unique characteristics. Despite of various similarities, identical twins also have multiple differences. This paper intends to discuss various similarities and differences of identical twins. Sometimes it is also observed that identical twins do not look alike and not share common characteristics. Individuals have their ...

What are the female reproductive parts of the angiosperm flower?

The female reproductive parts of a flower include the stigma, the ovary, and the style. Their collective name is normally referred to as carpel. a flower may be composed of one or several pistils. For reproduction to occur, all these parts play an important role. The stigma is the female part of a flower that receives pollen grains. It normally has a sticky surface to enable pollen grain to stick and germinate on it. There are several shapes of the stigma. The different shapes enable them to be well adapted to their role in reproduction. Some of the shapes ...

According to the Institute of Medicine in the United States of America, the following are the guidelines for weight gain in women of different body mass indeces – Underweight women, i.e. those with a BMI less than 18.5 are required to gain 28-40 pounds, normal weight women, i.e. having a BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 are required to gain 25-35 pounds and overweight women, i.e. those with a BMI above 25 to 29.9 are required to gain 15-25 pounds (“Assessing Your Weight”, n.d.).
For pregnant women, the required daily allowance (RDA) of the two macronutrients Calcium and Choline should be ...

Age: 34 Yrs

LMP: October 28, 2015
EDC: August 10, 2016
Gestation: 40 weeks
Obstetric History: Elena is a 34-year-old female who presents to the maternity clinic with labor pains. The client is a G3 P3 T3 A0 L2. The previous children were delivered by normal vaginal birth. She had a pre-pregnant weight of 137 lbs and a current weight of 176 lbs.

First Stage of Labour

The patient reports that contractions started seven hours ago at home. The contractions are regular occurring after approximately five minutes with a duration of 45 to 60 seconds. The cervical dilation is at 6cm. After two hours, the contractions ...

Medications pass from the mother to the fetus primarily through the placenta in the same way as the nutrients the fetus needs for growth and development. Substances which a woman takes when she is pregnant can affect the fetus in several ways: act directly on the fetus, cause damage and abnormal development or lead to the death, change the function of the placenta, usually due to narrowing the blood vessels, violate the exchange of oxygen and nutrients, or just cause harm to the fetus due to the decrease of blood supply. Teratogens are all those substances that have a ...

THE COMFORT AND PAIN RELIEF NEEDS

OF THE
ANTEPARTUM, INTRAPARTUM, & POSTPARTUM PATIENT
Pregnancy and Pain
One of the miracles of nature is Pregnancy. Two cells that cannot be seen by the naked eye join and create a human being that walks, talks, thinks, loves, and lives. For women this stage of their life is a time of happiness and sometimes of concern. They realize that now they are in charge of their lives and the life of a new individual. While most pregnancies run a normal smooth course, some others can become high risk pregnancies. Mothers become aware of the many changes occurring in their bodies ...

- Describe the normal events of fetal development. How does malnutrition impair fetal development?
Normal events of fetal development: Normal events of development of a fetus take place in the inner uterine wall of the mother throughout a gestation. A fertilized egg or zygote moves through fallopian tube and reaches to the uterus.
During 0 to 3-weeks of gestation, the zygote develops into an embryo within a biological pocket or amniotic sac. As the embryo develops, the amniotic sac, filled with fluid gets enlarged, where the fetus floats. This fluid protects the fetus from injury throughout gestation period. Tentacles from ...

Journals

Journals

Ivan Pavlov, a Russian Psychologist, is credited with the introduction of classical conditioning after he decided to shift his attention from digestion to learning. He had observed an interesting phenomenon during his study of the digestive system. That is, a dog starts salivating at the sight of the food. This means that the dog had learnt to associate the sight of food as the same thing as having it in its mouth; because when food was placed in its mouth the same thing happened. Indeed, this phenomenon is not unique to dogs. If one has been used to taking lunch ...

Introduction

Down syndrome also referred to as trisomy 21 is a genetic abnormality that is associated with a chromosomal condition characterized by the availability of a third chromosome 21 copy either in part or fully . The disorder is usually manifested by slow cognitive capabilities, slight to moderate intellectual debility, hypotonia in infancy and weak muscle tenor. . Physical characteristics encompass distinctive facial characteristics such as a flat facial outline, eyes slanting upwards, macroglossia, epicanthic eyelids, flat nasal bridge, small limbs, petite body frame, palmer crease, microgenia and smaller heads compared to the body frame .
The slow cognitive capabilities are usually manifested by a major delay ...

Salmeterol is part of a broader group of drugs known as adrenergic agonists; it works specifically by binding to β2 receptors of the adrenergic receptor family, which are activated by the binding of the endogenous neurotransmitters, norepinephrine and epinephrine. The adrenergic receptors are as well part of a broader group of receptors known as G-protein coupled receptors. The G-protein receptor family is composed of a single peptide with seven trans-membrane regions that are attached to a G protein, Gs, Gq, or GI (Harvey & Champe, 2008). The G protein has 3 subunits; the α, β, and γ subunits; the α subunit in the resting state is bound to ...

Mel presented herself on this day to antenatal visit and this was my first time to meet her. Mel was 27+4 at this presentation. Mel was a G5p6 who had a NVD in 2005 at 40/40 3742g boy and she also had another daughter in 2008 NVD at 41 weeks. In addition, Mel had 3 previous y m/c before 8 weeks.
Mel reported that she has good family support and this was supported by her mother’s attendance on this day who helped in taking care of Mel’s other children. She tested O positive and all other blood ...

CELL TRANSFER DURING PREGNANCY

Many people possess cells that come from people who are genetically different from them (Lee, 2008, p. 72). These cells are mainly transferred from the mother’s body to the fetus. Pregnant women also receive cells from their fetus and harbor them for many years. This was proven by a research that found presence of male cells in bodies of women who had given birth to boys. This cell can stay in the recipient’s body for a long time and sometimes they intermingle with stem cells to form body tissues through a process referred to as microchimerism. In the article the ...

Aesthetics is a section of philosophy that addresses issues related to: Art, which includes drawing, pottery, painting and sculpturing; scenery of beauty and generally the admiration and gratification of beauty and magnificence. Art as a phenomenon focuses on appreciation of culture and the environment (Damme, 1996). African art and culture has been a key subject of speculation and major interest by philosophers all over the world although African art is currently been eroded by the influence the western culture is impacting. To begin with, the argument on whether there exists a Pan-African aesthetics or not has been a major issue of contention among many ...

Introduction:

Losing a loved one is a very painful experience especially when someone is lost through maternal means. As far as culture diversity is concerned, many communities around the world have different expectations when it comes to maternal mortality on whether to lose the baby or the mom. In most communities, they opt for the child to die and the mom to survive while in others, they prefer the baby to survive and lose the mom even though such believers are very minimal around the world. Maternal mortalities of both the mothers and the infants are increasing at a very high level around ...