Religion College Essays Samples For Students

Anti-Islam attitudes, particular towards the Muslims and their informal and formal policies and codes of conduct are has become the main target of the Western media. This prejudice has manifested itself in various parts of the non-Muslim world. The Muslims have been portrayed by the Western media as dirty, brutal, uneducated, untrustworthy and fanatical terrorists. Throughout the western world, there exist a strong Islam-phobia; the strong feeling of Islam-phobia takes very many forms including hate and discrimination. Islam-phobia linked to terrorist attacks that are carried by Islamic fundamentalists. The strong anti-Muslim attitudes are widespread in Britain, France, United States and other western countries ( ...

I have been brought up in family of fitness freaks. I remember my parents playing different sports with me; giving me chance to select the sport of my interest. I am passionate about basket ball and swimming. I was taught that participating and playing with team spirit was more important than wining. The farsightedness of my family helped me in becoming a balanced person. I offered many voluntary services in our community association. It would include activities like preparing lemonade and snacks for orphanages and old age homes. I would get a chance to visit old age homes and spend time ...

Montaigne approaches the topic of cannibals by first indicating that most people will identify things as barbarous based on the absence of use of the idea in one’s country. What makes something barbaric depends on the idea or presence of a perfect government or religion or culture. The intriguing lives of the people in the new world form the major basis of Montaigne discussion. These people reside in a pleasant and temperate land. Despite the temperate, sickness is unheard off among these people. Residing by the sea, the people have a direct and bountiful access to fish and flesh. Cooking applied ...

Islamic Art: Understanding Visual Wealth behind Religion

The consistent way of adding in faith into their work was a distinct characteristic of Islamic art. Among the primary themes that are found in such artistic works include the presentation of Mohammad, the distinct identification of Allah’s power and the way the Moslems prayed and praised their God Allah. These particular presentations about common themes in the Islamic belief create a well-drawn definition on how they ought to follow the distinct rules of Islam in their lives. What is specifically evident in most Islamic art forms is the absence of personas unlike other religious works.

Relatively, the Moslem artists ...

Islam Development

Islam is believed to be one of the oldest religions in the world. It is not clearly how it came into being, but most historians argue that it originated from Christianity and Judaism. It was formed in the 7th century C.E in the Middle East. It was founded on grounds of the teachings of Prophet Muhammad as a manifestation of submission to Allah’s will, whom Muslims believe is the creator and protector of the world. It is imperative to note that Islam has two subdivisions; the Shi’a and Sunni (Goldschmidt and Lawrence, 34-36). Despite the two divisions claiming different ...

Introduction

The morning gold sun-rays had already started piercing through my bedroom curtain as my eyes hardly opened. I felt so exhausted from the previous day’s house chores and Saturday’s family general cleaning since our house help had gone out to see how her ill mother was faring. I simply felt as weak as a soggy biscuit. All of this was starting to fade away as the little birds nested in our home garden were singing there hymns harmonically making our Sunday morning feel special. The aroma of my mum’s cookies filled the whole house. It was a routine ...

Essay Outline

- Thesis: In Katherine Porter’s Jilting of Granny Weatherall, granny Weartherall’s main antagonist is life itself (that throws back and forth), but she manages to soldier on and weather all kinds of adversity till her death.

- Jilted at the age of 20

- Granny Weatherall gets jilted by her lover, George, at the age of 20.

- She withstands the pain of the break-up.

- Sick at 40

- At the age of 40, granny Weatherall develops milky leg and double pneumonia.

- She manages to pull through.

- ...

Iran and Cambodia

Tourism infrastructure in Iran and Cambodia has several similarities and differences. The five factors of tourism include; accommodation, food and beverage services, entertainment and recreation services, travel services and transportation. These sectors are developed in both countries. However, a few differences exist. Some regions in the countryside of Cambodia are very poor such that the areas lack well developed basic infrastructure such as roads. By 2003, Iran had about six thousand hotels and lodges and sixty nine thousand restaurants that could cater for meals and accommodation for tourists. Transport is also well developed in Iran with several major roads and ...

Introduction

In the case of Manno however, the people are only surprised it has been sent to him. Had it been sent to another person, the townspeople would probably not have been so surprised. The society’s total submission or subscription to the Mafia ways is further exemplified when Manno is killed together with his hunting partner. Although the people are stunned about the murder, a fictional story is created by the people in regards to the reason for his killing (Sciascia and Foulke, 2000, p. 64). It is argued that he was secretly an adulterer and that his hunting partner ...

The government is not only beneficial to the Americans in more ways than one, but also necessary. There are undertakings within the county’s setting that require the government’s oversight. The government is important as it ensures there is military control and protection of its citizens. Through the government, the country is provided with a defense system through which it can defend and or deter attacks within its boundaries. Government is important as it ensures the citizens therein are protected from other forms of worse or adverse power structures, which have the ability to form in the midst of ...

Question 1

Max Weber makes the argument that religion negatively impacts the economic growth of a given country. Weber maintains that devotion to religion diminishes the need for the pursuit of wealth through involvement in secular affairs (Lough, 2006, p.152). Comparing patterns of religion around the world, it is clear that nations with higher regard for religion rank poorly in terms of economic development. For example, Bangladesh and Yemen are among the poorest countries in the world. However, almost 99 percent of the citizens of these two countries have a high adherence to their religions. In both countries, the citizenry ...

Voltaire identifies various flaws in the society that he lived. The scenario in the Voltaire’s world is analogous to the situation in the modern society. In his book, Voltaire highlights the problems in his society. He uses satire to express his discomfort about various issues in his society. The paper highlights how Voltaire’s approach of the use of satire can successfully be employed in building a better future. The paper suggests the plot of the book, which Voltaire would most likely write in today’s world. Essentially, the paper highlights how Voltaire would present these issues ...

The reflection paper, based on a range of classes of the course, is aimed at once more reconsidering what I have learnt during the course and the way I was feeling about each of the classes. Before considering each of the classes I would like to mention that all the class were very insightful, and made me more interested in religious studies in general, and the development of religion in Korea.

The introductory class was dedicated to Christianity in Korea. I was interested in general overview of the current state of Christianity in the world. Before the class I ...

Question 1

Jazz has always been one of the most popular forms of music in the world. This is mainly because its improvisatory nature can easily be adapted by a community or to portray its individual identity. Originating in the United States, jazz music slowly crept into the larger Europe during the 20th Century. This was a period when most European nations were under the rule of communist governments. Jazz music was a form of cultural export by the United States to Europe through which it sought to spread its influence and neutralize some of the propaganda spread by the communist ...

Christianity differed in the West and East based on the way in which the Christians handled matters pertaining to their religious beliefs. Western Christianity comprises Roman Catholicism while Eastern Christianity involves the Greek Orthodox church. The institution of the pope differs between the Western and the Eastern Christianity. According to the Roman Catholics, the pope heads the church and is an infallible individual. The Greek Orthodox church does not recognize the institution of the pope but has the highest bishop. Catholics do not allow the church leaders to marry unlike the Greeks who allow the elders to get married. ...

In this paperwork, I am going to discuss about Rerum Novarum, especially its treatment of socialism and capitalism. According to the reading, it is depicted that the majority of the working class continue to live in misery. The socialists, attempts to bring to an end to these wrongs, are striving to implement a strategy that will abolish the ownership of private property. The socialists argue that the private belongings should become the universal possessions for the entire group of people. It would, therefore, ensure a fair share for each person to take pleasure in, hence bringing to an end of the numerous suffering that exists between the rich and the poor. The properties should, therefore, be controlled by civic ...

The Islam religion, just like other religions in the world is built on a rich history that defines what the religion is today. There are events in the past of the religion that lead the way to what it is in our current societies. People would say that the best way to understand the present is to look back to the past. I believe that the chapter on both the past and present of the Islam religion will provide the needed connection in order to deepen the understanding of the religion. The religion, for example, is also rich with festivities ...

Both Ibn Batuta and Marco Polo were famous world explorers at their respective times – about a generation apart. However, the travels of Marco Polo preceded those of Ibn Batuta by a couple of decades. Therefore, in that respect, the worldview of the both the travelers are not that different since both saw more or less the same period in history. This essay shall compare the travel accounts of both these travelers and argue that the travel accounts of Marco Polo are historically more reliable than those of Ibn Batuta.

One can examine the focus of the travel writings of both ...

The Wife of Bath is undoubtedly one of the most interesting characters in the entire collection of Canterbury Tales. She is interesting not only to the readers, but also to the writer himself, Geoffrey Chaucer. The Wife of Bath is the only character to have a prologue longer than their tale. The wife of bath begins by saying that what she is about to say is all meant for entertainment and that no one should take offence. Throughout her tale, she consistently and repeatedly reveals that she is a sly and crafty liar. The reader may question the authenticity of her ...

Religion is one of the most common and probably one of the oldest institutions present in different societies across the world. The institution of religion is practiced differently by different cultures, but the main purpose of the practice is to find a meaning of life and its source. Human nature drives an individual to strive to gain an understanding of mortality and its reality as it lies beyond the perception of man. Therefore, this paper examines the relation between religion and the essence of being. It tries to understand the history of religion and how it impacts on the lives ...

Before understanding Buddha as one of the three jewels, it is first necessary to discuss the term “Three Jewels,” or “three treasures.” The jewel is something that is very precious. It is the Buddhists belief that the three fundamental teachings of Buddhism are very precious like jewels and for being Buddhist, the person has to take refuge of the three jewels. 'For lay follower and monastic alike, the three 'jewels' remain powerful objects for the ritual and devotional expression of their faith. ‘(“The Foundation of Buddhism” in Gethin, p.168) Taking refuge means taking shelter of the three jewels. 'Going ...

Compare and contrast the new ideologies that developed in the Han period, including neo-Daoism, Buddhism, and other new influences in China. What was the impact on Chinese society and politics of these new schools of thought?

A number of new ideologies began to take hold as China itself changed in a number of ways during the Han period. This occurred during a period of time that is considered to be something of a “golden era” in terms of almost every aspect of life. For the purposes of this paper, we will focus upon the way in which China changed on a philosophical, ...

I know you have bug dreams for yourselves and that you look forward to a successful life in the future. Many of you think that is only possible in America because it is a much more developed country than ours. But I am here writing you a letter just so you know what it is like living here. I did not easily know these things myself, but with the help of the book Myths America Lives By written by Richard Hughes I now know better. Hughes talks about the common beliefs held by the American people but I doubt they are even ...

In the beginning of the semester, I wrote on the Discussion Board that even though I am from Asia and people may think that I am familiar with religions of Asia, I did not have much understanding of various religious faiths in Asia. Because I have never believed or practiced any religion in my whole life, I did not have much interest about religions of Asia or elsewhere.

However, since I first saw the video about the Ramayana, I started to gain some interest in religion. I thought that religion might be amiable and interesting given that some ...

Italy is one of the most historical countries in Europe with its landscape serving as a portrait of years gone by. The rich history is woven into all aspects of the country including family, business and culture. With landmarks and ruins as old as two thousand years, Italy has managed to keep its history intact while adopting modern values. Today, it is not only an attraction for the tourists but also a hub of arts, fashion and traditions.

When a country has its roots engraved into history as strongly as Italy does, adapting to the moderns ways and customs becomes quite challenging. ...

Comparison of The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (Samuel Taylor Coleridge) to Love's Philosophy (P.B. Shelley)

Romanticism is the element of classic English literature that is evident in the products of early The French Revolution. It is embedded as the fundamental of an individual that triggers alienation with the power of the spirit that demand change as violent obsession. The poets, philosophers and writers of the age of romanticism can be evaluated by comparing the constituents of emotions, passion and rationality. The same pattern will be used to perform a comparative analysis of The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (Samuel Taylor Coleridge) to Love's Philosophy (P.B. Shelley)

Samuel Taylor Coleridge was the founder of the ...

China and Japan both have a very long history, they have both formal and informal relationship. China in a big way influenced Japan, for example, in writing system, architecture, culture, psychology, law system, politics and economics, etc. China is much older than Japan. Both of these countries had different kinds of relations such as commercial and cultural that were established long ago, nearly 200 A.D. China has influenced Japanese language. Japan didn’t have its own written language, do when they had their first contact with Chinese civilization Japanese civilization they started using Chinese symbols in their writings.

During the reign ...

This is a transcript of an interview with the church pastor who is making an effort to ascertain if Gloria is the right candidate with the right mental approach to work with the mute members of the community. As they are differently abled the pastor believes that they are closer to God, which he has bestowed them with different abilities to be able to make a difference in a dramatically different way and that's us – the so called normal people are actually at a disadvantage. The question that pastor seeks to answer is if Gloria has the commitment to these God’ ...

Chapter 10 Q1

The concept of on the ‘self’ has been one of the major issues in philosophy. Hume held that the ‘self’ is concept that is defined by the collective experiences that one has. In this case, Hume believes one’s awareness of the ‘self’ is tied to the person’s previous experiences through perception (David Hume, 1.4.6.3). Hume notes that humans do not and cannot observe something that is beyond their transient feelings, impressions, and sensations. He further claims that there is no anyone particular impressing that can be called the ‘self’. It is imperative that ...

1. Who is the founder of this week’s religion? Are there any other major contributors to the development of the religion?

Judaism is an oldest monotheistic religion among the three faiths f Islam and Christianity that originated in the Middle East. The religion started over 3500 years ago. The founder of the religion was Moses despite the fact that Jews draw their history back to Abraham. Other contributors of Judaism religion include Jacob and Isaac (Bbc.co.uk, 2014). The three patriarchs are the spiritual and physical ancestors of Judaism.

2. Describe the historical progression of this week’s religion. What are some key events that have helped to shape the religion’s core beliefs and practices?

Judaism ha history that dates back to over 3000 years. It has its roots in the Middle East. The ancient Israelites traced their origin to one family that started to distinguish itself ...

The sixteenth-century Inca Empire was one of the largest states in the worldat that time. It included most parts of modern Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, and northern Chile and reached into contemporary Argentina. The Inca called their empire the Land of the Four Quarters, which began as a state of many small rival kingdoms. To hold this linguistically and ethnically diverse state together, they depended on religion, a well-organised bureaucracy, and different forms of labor taxation.

Inca’s one of the expressive forms was their religion, which rituals were aimed at winning the favor of the gods, who were often equaled to ...

1. Like everything in Pecola’s life, her being pregnant is packaged with her ugliness. Instead of seeing compassion for Pecola, as a young girl in a difficult situation, they use this fact to criticize her. Morison includes a number of fragments of conversation on the issue. Some say that it is Cholly, her father. They imply that even though she is twelve, she is to blame for the pregnancy: “But you never know. How come she didn’t fight him?” (Morison, 189). Others use it to remind themselves how ugly Pecola is, “Ought to be a law: two ugly people ...

Baptism belongs to seven main Christian Sacraments and is one of the three sacraments of initiation, the other two being the Confirmation and the Eucharist. The Catechism of the Catholic Church defines Holy Baptism as “the basis of the whole Christian life, the gateway to life in the Spirit (vitae spiritualis ianua), and the door which gives access to the other sacraments” (“Catechism of the Catholic Church”). Baptism is considered the first-order condition for a person to obtain salvation and Eternal Life with God in Heaven, and without being baptized, the person will not have access to the ...

The USA is a Classless Society The myth of America is a classless society as identified by Karl Max can be supported by the elements of reality in the country. The ruling of the capitalist class in the American society prescribes the control and ownership of the class. Mark refers to this as means of production that mentions the factories, forms of transport and mines that produces goods and services. However, the working class does not control, or individual production means and sells their ability to labour for wages to pay for rent food and so on (Leondar-Wright & Yeskel, 2007). ...

Question 1

It is true that many religious traditions frequently make “truth- claims” about after life beliefs, nature of universe reality, and moral structure of human condition. Therefore, this essay focuses on three traditions, which have conflicting differences in truths that they claim. These religious traditions include Hinduism, Christianity, and Buddhism. The essay discusses how people in these traditions understand these truths, the differences among these three traditions in this respect, and the similarities that exist alongside these differences.
Starting with Christianity religious tradition, it is worth to not that it is among the largest world religions. Christians believe ...

Informative Speech: Unearthing Voodoo’s True Relevance to Erase the Historic Misinformation

- Specific Purpose: To enlighten the audience specifically young White Americans regarding the true nature and relevance of Voodoo
- Introduction:
- Most people believe in religions.
- The discrimination of dominant race and religion to other relatively minority religions like Voodoo.
Transition: Ask the audience especially those from White race regarding their notions on Voodoo. Give examples of wrong notions. The speaker accepts having judged the Voodoo without gathering facts to support the judgement.
- Body
- Voodoo is a religion not only of African-Americans nowadays. It is already widely spread across the ...

The third chapter of the book “The Age of American Unreason” written by Susan Jacoby explains the preconditions and consequences of the appearance of social Darwinian theory in the end of 19th century. The recent developments such as the end of Civil War affected the rearrangement of United States of America. It is worth to mention that in general country was rising after years of poverty and depression, it was paid much attention to the level of education and its quality, and the industries were developing very fast. As a result, America got their first millionaires who were skillfully ...

Questions on: “Religion Linked to Happy Life.”

- What is this article about?

The article in context is about the effect of religious belief on the holistic happiness of human beings. Religion is researched as a very important factor in the life of human beings and the effects of religious practice are delved deep into in this article. It talks of several studies which have been carried out to substantiate the inference. The readers come to know how the devout religious person remains immune to negativity of life and how religion helps man tread on the path of life with its ups and downs.

- What arguments ...

Introduction

A ritual is defined as a patterned behavior that recurs sequentially. It is the vehicle that allows basic ideas, for instance, in defining what is good and evil, as well as the proper existence of social relationships, to be impacted to a particular group. However, these rituals are very important components in religion because of the following discussed reasons.
First, a ritual plays an important role in the process of making a covenant. For example, Christians believe that circumcision was a covenant between God and Abraham. Therefore, some still follow that act in the Old Testament bible by performing circumcision rituals, such as ...

1 Moral authority refers to the aspect of being esteemed for having good character and awareness, particularly as a source of direction or a model of appropriate behavior. A moral authority is someone who upholds high moral values, and deemed fit to give counsel regarding moral and ethical conduct. One such person is Mohandas K. Gandhi, who chose to use non- violent measures to fight against discrimination, after facing oppression by the racial policies that he came across while he was in South Africa. He chose to lead by example, committed to non-violence. A scenario of his leadership was when he ...

The mutiny of 1857 was a turning point in the history of India under British rule. This event is considered as one of the most dangerous threats to rulers of contemporary India. The mutiny caused some very significant changes in the history of India and affected every aspect of the India. This paper intends to discuss 1857 mutiny and further probes what were the principal causes and characteristics of the Mutiny of 1857.

1857 mutiny took place in the year 1857 when some soldiers revolted against their employer, East India Company. This revolt was resulted due to number of grievances ...

In this paperwork, I am going to discuss two or three major themes that emerge from Sufi poetry and how these themes connect to the general teachings of Islam. I will also compare the Sufi poetry with Merton Thomas work.

It is important to note that the Sufi poetry comprises the work of a variety of writers thought to have come, mainly, from Persia. I will start by looking at the theme of love and beauty as depicted by Hafiz of Shiraz. According to Hafiz, he uses the theme of both beauty and love to remind us of our responsibilities ...

In this paperwork, I am going to demonstrate my understanding about cultures in conflicts drawing a minimum of ten key concepts introduced throughout the term.
When it comes to conservation, which plays a major role in culture conflict, it is clearly depicted that the Maasai are excluded by park managers from their traditional territory and resources to allow them practice conservation. The move of excluding the Maasai from their native land results into disagreement between the two parties, thereby, bringing up unnecessary fracas contributing to cultural conflict.

Through a literature review, it is noted that the Maasai herding systems thrives together ...

The following reflection paper is dedicated to reconsidering my new knowledge and ideas that I have got after most recent classes. In this paper I will address such topics as the developments in Protestantism in Korea over the period from the 19th to 21th centuries; the personalities of major leaders in this movement, as well as considering the reasons behind the Protestantism movement in Korea.

Previously I referred to the fact that it was very exciting for me to observe and compare the development of different religions in Korea. Therefore, recent classes and materials that were uploaded to complement ...

1. Nietzsche in his work distinctly differentiated slave and master morality. During his time, and for conservative thinkers of today, there are traits that are considered noble and positive. These traits including meekness, humility, pity and other characteristics that might be universally defined as kind are to him, weak. This kind of thinking is what he refers to as slave morality because it is not assertive and people who think that way are not strong enough to become masters of their own world. He condemns the philosophy which embraces these characteristics. To him, a master morality is one that is opposite ...

Question 1

In Psychology of Religion by Dan Merkur, religion is brought to light from a psychological perspective. Upon analysing the various work of different psychologist, Dan Merkur argues that some of the religion devotees are not pleased with the fact that religion ought to be viewed psychologically based on the notion that such analysis reduces religion to psychology. Dan Merkur views that religion should be perceived from psychological perspective mainly because religion can be explained psychologically. On the other hand, some other devotees apparent according to Dan Merkur value critical research as a means of purifying idolatry of the mealy human (Merkur ...

Introduction

The eighteenth century is significant for its aesthetics and art criticism and the general recognition of art and aesthetic. Competition among neighboring states can bring about cultural innovation. The European instrumental music has its breakthrough during the Baroque era. It is clearly significant the top most performers were from the two compete countries; Germany and Italy. It is evident that political fragmentation in the two nations facilitated artistic changes and development in terms of performance and content. Political changes between Germany and Italy during the Baroque era were the most significant moves that shaped the artistic discipline of during ...

Senju Kannon’s The Thousand Armed Bodhisattva of Compassion is a seminal work in the history of Japanese art but is also an important milestone for Buddhist thought and religion. The work is colourful and emanates a certain sense of peace and calm which demonstrates the prevalent revival in Japanese art of the late 19th century. The Bodhisattva is also a crucial figure for Buddhism which also attempts to create an oasis of calm and peace but at the same time delves into the deep questions of existentialism which is part and parcel of the whole religious concept. Actually the word bodhisattva ...

One word that sums up succinctly the American ideal of our country is “Freedom.” American citizens and politicians routinely refer to the United States as “the land of the free.” As such one of the most important aspects of American democracy are that the freedoms of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness continue to be protected. Yet freedom exists in different forms and there are different ways that it plays out in people’s life depending on the perspective from where you are looking at and how you are choosing to understand freedom. In my view, ...

During the 17th century, around 1630, the puritans settled in New England. However, their main purpose was not to promote religion or religious freedom; rather they wanted to achieve freedom from the church and public officials in England. They believed the church and public officials prevented them from pursuing their religious beliefs as God intended them to. This essay focuses on the life of Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams who were deeply religious individuals during the 17th century. Although they led separate lives, the two are linked together because of their religious beliefs that led to them being banished ...

The Bill of Rights serves as an integral part of democracy that the United States (US) has long espoused and developed. Although the Bill of Rights did not draw immediate support from most of the Framers of the Constitution, it eventually gained ground in the form of the first 10 amendments submitted to Congress during its first session. Whereas states have duly ratified the Bill of Rights, the Fourteenth Amendment loosened its applicability through selective incorporation. Such provides for flexibility in applying the Bill of Rights to state jurisdiction, although it does not mean to say that non-applying states ...

The knowledge above all is a key aspect in the Hindu spiritual tradition. The desire to know more about the depths of life and death cannot be bribed. Death offers Naicketas pleasures, happiness, wealth, many years of life, for him and his family in order to make him take back his question about a man who is considered death, although some other people consider him alive.

“Choose sons and grandsons who’d live a hundred years!/Plenty of livestock and elephants, horses and gold! Choose as your domain a wide expanse of earth” (Olivelle 234) and even offers free desires, at the ...

Mary Rowlandson gives a detailed account of various issues that took place in America in the past before and during the occupation of America by the English and other settlers from Europe. Rowlandson’s account focuses on issues such as captivity, the views of Native Americans on politics, religion and social well-being. She also gives an account on religion and its role in challenging situations. Rowlandson’s account can be compared to other related issues to establish similarities and differences that come out. This can help establish Rowlandson’s objective of writing the account on these sensitive issues that affected ...

According to me, my most important chapter was that id chapter one. In this chapter, the author starts by stating the fact that religion is part of us. We interact with religion in every aspect of it. This is something that I can associate with. I have interacted with religion for many days. Being a Christian, I believe that religion has shaped the way I relate with other people. Religion has shaped the ethics I hold in the society. I can confidently say that religion is an integral aspect that we normally live with. There are many people who do ...

Introduction

This review paper aim is to review the book “American Grace” by two American authors. The review is mainly based on the subject of “Sociology of Religion”. It addresses the authors’ findings, their conclusions and the significance of sociological approach to the American religion.

Discussion

The authors are Robert D. Putnam & David E. Campbell. Robert D. Putham is a  and professor of public policy at the . David E. Campbell is an author and is the John Cardinal O'Hara, C.S.C. He is an Associate Professor of Political Science at the  and the founding director ...

Question 1:

At times, it is thought that religion is as old as humanity is. That is, all along, people chose to believe in some kind of a super-natural being that controlled the happenings in those days and still continues to determine how people’s lives run today. Religion has its roots to the belief that there is a creator who controls everything. In the Franco-Eurasian continents in the 10th Century CE, there were various religions that dominated the land. The oldest form of religion was the Hellenism (sdsu.edu, 31). This religion was largely Greek based. It did not believe in the existence ...

Religion can be defined as a practice or belief intended to create long-lasting and influential meaning by establishing symbols that relate to a specific set of human values. Religion seeks to explain origin of the universe and life, giving meaning to life and explain other phenomena. Examples of religion are Christianity, Judaism, Hinduism and Islam. The debate about whether questioning religion is morally right is as old as religion itself. In my opinion, rational questioning of religion is not morally wrong; in fact, it helps to advance religion positively.

It is through questioning and debating that we get an in-depth understanding ...

Q. 1. Cultural diversity can be defined as the differences that exist in people in terms of culture. “Culture” on the other hand is refers to the attitudes and behavior that are characteristic of a particular social group or organization. Also culture can be defined as an aggregate of ideas, values and customs passed down from one generation to another generation of a given ethnic group of people. On the other hand “Dimensions of cultural diversity” can be referred to as the attributes through which certain ethnic groups of people are distinguished with. These properties that can bring diversity ...

The North Atlantic Alliance (NAA) was formed on April 4, 1949. The NAA is an intergovernmental military partnership headquartered in Brussels, Belgium, based on the North Atlantic pact. Under collective defense, member states mutually defend against external attacks (Andreas et al 76).

The NAA's presence in Afghanistan has benefited the Middle East, though some argue it has increased conflict and misunderstanding. NAA operations in Afghanistan and Iraq have enhanced strategic importance in the Persian Gulf (Priest 65). NAA nations recognize instability's dangers and promote stability in Afghanistan and the Gulf. The NAA assists new Iraqi authorities to control defense and security themselves. As a populous state, NAA support has helped Iraq emerge as a regional power (Priest 67).

Iran's ballistic missile and religious extremist capabilities pose a threat. The NAA has not convinced Iran to halt these projects. This failure underpins critiques of the NAA's ineffectiveness in containing dangerous missiles and bombs, jeopardizing Euro-Atlantic security (Andreas et al 86).

The NAA's role in promoting regional stability and addressing Iran's nuclear program is significant. While some critics say the NAA overreaches into politics over peacekeeping, human rights advocates support the alliance's humane approach toward achieving Middle East stability and unity (Priest 69) (Kaplan 125).

Iraqis are rebuilding, but Iranian extremists like Mogtada al-Sadr promote instability and chaos to undermine emerging powers, maligning the NAA as ineffective (Kaplan 125). NAA presence has reduced deaths and boosted economic growth in Afghanistan and the Middle East overall, while curbing property destruction from prolonged regional war and religious conflicts. The NAA has established electoral leadership to replace Shiite infighting in Tehran (Kaplan 127).

The NAA engages influential clerics to limit political clerical power and promote strong nationalism over religious sectarianism. In May 2010, NAA officials and Pakistan's President Zardari and Army Chief discussed Afghan strategy, benefiting citizens through conflict resolution efforts (Priest 75).

Expanded NAA counterterrorism training aims to build mutual benefit and cooperation, including with the U.S. and other continents, to make the NAA a global body countering Middle East terrorists like Osama Bin Laden (Andreas et al 87).

Conclusion

While playing a key role in the Middle East, NAA members should pursue comprehensive solutions for lasting peace (Kaplan 128). Working with U.S. intelligence, the NAA can coordinate policies to dissuade Iran and terrorists from jeopardizing Middle East stability with nuclear and missile programs. Though contributing significantly in Afghanistan and the Gulf, the NAA's primary political purpose is to avoid military complications in stabilizing the region politically and economically.

With its mandate, the NAA can develop a new collective, coordinated regional security mechanism focused on Iraq, Iran and Yemen as the most affected states (Kaplan 130). It should address military issues and promote internal stability and reform in the post-Hussein period. Given the lack of evidence that the NAA has worsened Middle East conflicts, its Afghan presence has been beneficial overall (Andreas et. al. 90).

Works cited:

Priest, Andrew. Kennedy, Johnson and NATO: Britain, America and the dynamics of alliance,
Contemporary security studies. New York: Taylor & Francis, 2006 (2): 65-75.
Kaplan, Lawrence. NATO divided, NATO united: the evolution of an alliance. New York:
Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004 (3): 125-130.
Andreas, Wenger, Christian Nuenlist and Anna Locher. Transforming NATO in the Cold War:
challenges beyond deterrence in the Middle East. New York: Taylor & Francis, 2007 (7):
76-90.

Chivalry is a term based on the medieval institution which has an aristocratic military origin of training Individual and offering service to others. Normally it is associated with ideas of knightly, honor, courtly love and virtues. Orders of Chivalry are primarily, a phenomenal history, strange to Christendom of Western Union of the middle ages. Categorically, several institutions have been placed overtime in the order of Chivalry .It is possible to differentiate several phrases in the history of those institutions. The original form of institution in the time of crusade was worthy its name of order since it consisted of people who ...