Surrogacy College Essays Samples For Students

Surrogacy refers to an arrangement whereby a woman carries a pregnancy for another person, especially for individuals who cannot give birth. The rapid rise in outsourcing surrogacy has raised concern among people around the world. Some of the issues that develop from the practice include ethical concerns on women who offer themselves as surrogates, the women paying for surrogacy services, the agencies that contract such women, the government authorities, and the medical practitioners who build their practice around the practice. It is essential to identify the factors that contribute to the rise of surrogacy and outsourcing surrogacy, especially in less developed ...

- The stromal cells that are found in the developing gonads of tetrapods begin from the medulla from the peritoneal wall and the cortex from inter-renal blastema or mesonephric. Hence the gonads have a dual origin.
- Spermatogenesis occurs in a syncytial complex because it involves the formation of sperm from undifferentiated cells that are first attached to rachis. Syncytial cell complex or syncytium result when cells with single nuclei fuse to for a cell with nucleus. Syncytial cell complex is vital in oogenesis in that it assists in the differentiation of cells. One other developmental model is vitellogenesis.
- ...

Assisted reproduction occurs as one of the major breakthroughs to be ever achieved by humankind in the field of medical science. This is accredited to the primary fact that assisted reproduction, which entails the application of biomedical technologies promises undreamed and unquestionable benefits to human beings (Saul “The Gift of Life, and Its Price”). Even so, there is a need to note that there are a wider array of ethical concerns that arise from the application of assisted reproductive technologies.
More importantly, assisted reproduction technologies are clouded by ethical concerns emanating from the destruction of embryos. With the use of ...

Science today has made an enormous progress and brought marvellous changes to human life. With a lot of technical gifts to mankind science has proved to be a boon for the entire society. In this reign of technology not having a child no more appears to be a bane and can only be recorded in the pages of history. Science now allows a woman to carry a child for other couple in her womb and the technology that made it possible is known as surrogacy. The practice emerges as a hope to many of the couples and even for the financially burdened women who actually carries ...

When the surrogates egg is used, she has utilized one egg she will never be able to use for a child of her own. However, when the mother’s own egg is used the surrogate is not being asked to give up something that is non-replinshable (Gentleman, 2008).
The move to outsource surrogacy to poor countries leaves women vulnerable to being exploited through the need to earn money through surrogacy. In addition, these women may go through numerous pregnancy and births and be looked at as little more than a baby factory affecting their dignity (Nilanjana, 2011).
It is ...

- Describe the normal events of fetal development. How does malnutrition impair fetal development?
Normal events of fetal development: Normal events of development of a fetus take place in the inner uterine wall of the mother throughout a gestation. A fertilized egg or zygote moves through fallopian tube and reaches to the uterus.
During 0 to 3-weeks of gestation, the zygote develops into an embryo within a biological pocket or amniotic sac. As the embryo develops, the amniotic sac, filled with fluid gets enlarged, where the fetus floats. This fluid protects the fetus from injury throughout gestation period. Tentacles from ...

Surrogacy

The rising prevalence of infertility in the modern society has driven up the demand for assisted reproduction techniques (ART). Surrogacy is literally an arrangement between a woman and another couple for carrying and delivering the baby that biologically does not have any link to the surrogate mother (Saxena, Mishra & Malik, 2012). As a social and economic occurrence surrogacy has received a lot of attention in the past decades due to growing interest across the globe in surrogate services. One of the most complex and unfinished discussions in relation to this occurrence is the ethical side of the issue and its regulatory background ...

i(Name)

The process in which embryos that have been harvested from a patient are kept in a frozen state and then implanted into the same patient or a different patient is known as frozen embryo transfer. The process was first done successfully in human in July 1983 where an embryo was transferred from one woman and implanted into another woman.
The process starts with the introduction of in vitro fertilization fertility drugs to stimulate the ovaries to release numerous eggs than usual. Once the eggs are produced, they are collected and subjected to fertilization using the sperms from the donor who ...

Surrogacy is defined as a practice whereby a female agrees to carry to terms a pregnancy on behalf of another woman or couple. When a child is given birth to, a woman who carried the pregnancy to terms has to surrender the child to a woman or couple that procured her services of a surrogate (Dubey & Decherney, 2012). The surrogate can either be the genetic parent of a child- a practice that has been termed as traditional surrogacy or be genetically unrelated- a case referred to as gestational surrogacy. In genetic surrogacy, a woman is either naturally impregnated by a male person who in most cases is the father of the ...

Medical advances have no doubt done a lot for individuals with one medical condition or the other. Chronic medical conditions can now be managed; some genetic conditions are also being managed because of advances in technology.
For instance, in the past, when in-vitro fertilization was invented, it was illegal because of the moral issues people had with it. However, nowadays, in-vitro fertilization has become so common nowadays. In-vitro fertilization has also given succor to a lot of couples who have one challenge or the other with their reproductive tract. Nowadays, they can also be given a chance to have their own ...

Leadership refers not to the position or power of a person; it is a particular person’s relationship with his or her followers/community. Ethics is not focused on the individual; it is about an individual’s relationship with the people around him or her. Therefore, leadership ethics relies on the web of relationships within the community. Workers or followers will conduct their behavior based on what the leader shows them. The leader is the one who sets the standards in an organization, and his actions directly impact all those around him or her, creating the mood set in the community. The ...

Introduction

Ethical dilemmas surround surrogacy and the donation of egg and/or sperm?
The Dilemma of surrogate mothers in India
Dilemma of multiple pregnancies from in-vitro conception
Conclusion
Abstract
This document contains an analysis of assisted reproduction practices, especially, with reference to India. The ethical implications will be thoroughly explored from the perspective of it being a dilemma whereby surrogacy involving the egg /sperm donation poses immense moral difficulties justifying the process. Recent developments reveal that the process presents a dilemma for surrogate mothers in India due to financial commitments and incidences of multiple pregnancies occurring from in-vitro ...

The study of love is not the usual science of study. However, Harry Harlow among other few psychologists have made this field important in studying human behavior. This study is based on foundations made by Jean Piaget on cognitive development and most importantly from infants (Kail& Cavanaugh 127). Research has shown that adult’s moral behaviors are influenced by their upbringing. Individuals start discovering love at infant stage. The kind of love they receive from their mothers determine their ability to reciprocate love in their future adult life. Harlow tried to put this in experimental form by using infant ...

Fundal Height in Routine Antenatal Screening

Fundal Height Measurement

“Fundal height is the distance (in cm) measured with a tape measure from the top of the pubic bone to the top of the uterus (fundus) with the client lying on her back with her knees slightly flexed” (Ricci & Kyle, 2008, p. 324). It’s also ensured that the client’s bladder is empty while the test is performed (White et al., 2012).
Typically, the fundal height increases as the pregnancy progresses. It indicates fetal growth and provides a gross estimate of the pregnancy’s duration (Ricci & Kyle, 2008) where each prenatal visit must correlate with appropriate ...

Group B Streptococcus Testing

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) Testing is a medical procedure that screens for the presence of the GBS bacteria in a pregnant woman’s body. It is important for this test to be performed because a GBS infection during pregnancy can cause neonatal meningitis, sepsis, or even death (Albouy-Llaty, Nadeau, Descombes, Pierre & Migeot, 2012). According to Mercer, Ramsey & Sibai (1995), 18 to 32 percent of congenital infections are caused by neonatal sepsis and can be a major cause of mortality and morbidity where 1.3 to 3 per 1000 neonates are affected by the early onset of Group B streptococcal sepsis. Valkenburg-van den ...

The following paper aims at discussing the major ethical issues faced by the fertility industry. Even though it helps childless couples, it posses many ethical questions which need to be addressed urgently. Assisted Reproductive Technology is gaining momentum, giving a chance to overcome infertility issues. Due to lack of governmental guidelines there are many serious ethical issues that remain unsolved. The paper is an attempt to classify these problems.

Assisted Reproduction

Introduction
The various procedures and methods used to induce pregnancy using artificial or partially artificial means is known as Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART). This technology is mainly used for infertility ...

1.0 Background of Immune Tolerance

The immune system is the natural defense that combats disease causing agents in the body[ CITATION Gre02 \l 1033 ] through an intricate and coordinated interactions of many classes of proteins and cells[ CITATION Len00 \l 1033 ].The immune system has a potential to destroy the body cells but in all vertebrates the system is capable of distinguishing “self” from “non-self” molecules. That way the immune system eliminates pathogens and molecules that are a threat to the integrity of the organism without “self-destructing”[ CITATION Len00 \l 1033 ]. The human body has several mechanisms of either suppressing or eliminating autoreactive immune cells. Some ...

In this portion, the word

"Partner" is assumed to indicate a steady Meaning individual of the different sex in a relationship bond.
“Cabinet secretary” is the head of the health docket
”gestational surrogacy” is indicated to mean the procedure in which a woman gives birth and carry’s a child through the process of vitro fertilization.

The purpose of the bill is to;

Provide an outline for the preservation and advancements of the procreative and well-being of women
Promote the health of women and ensure safe motherhood
Ensure that quality and inclusive delivery of healthcare services to both women and children
Maintain the standards of healthcare in women and children
1. ( ...

Mark’s case is one among the many that healthcare providers face on numerous occasions. In this case, Mark presents at the clinic or within the ER having sustained serious injuries following a car accident. He is assessed to have significant internal bleeding and therefore in need of immediate blood transfusion to arrest the progression of the situation to a severity point. The doctor determined that three units of blood would be necessary for Mark’s situation and therefore placed the order for an immediate transfusion. At the time the transfusion was to occur, Mark was still conscious and ...

What is The Best Way to Manage Delivery in Women with Diabetes?

Diabetes mellitus bear serious implications on both the pregnant mother and the fetus. Gestational diabetes is associated with increased risk of fetal macrosomia. Furthermore, high prevalence of postnatal diabetes among babies has been observed in cases of obesity and diabetes mellitus during pregnancy. In other words, both diabetes mellitus and obesity are serious clinical conditions that need to be managed carefully in order to ensure that the mother and the fetus are safe and free from risks of various complications that are often associated with the two conditions. Delivery is a critical stage that affects both the mother and fetus ...

Part 1

Objective: in this critical analysis, you are expected to demonstrate an understanding of public health ethics and legal issues. Also, you are required to actively engage with the subject and come up with a substantial perspective on it.

Introduction

This critical analysis will outline the main purpose of the public health ethics and legal issues for protecting and upholding public health. Public policies and social programs are some of the aspects that constitute a good public health. Also, some patients with distinct issues contribute to the wellbeing of the public health, especially in a situation of unethical event regarding health ...

Argumentative Essay on Fertility Donation

- Introduction
Assisted reproductive technologies (ART), also referred to as third party reproduction, are a wide range of technologies that are used to help people to get children. The technologies are used in various circumstances that make it impossible for the person to bear a child, for instance where either of the partners is infertile, in gay marriages, where a genetic disorder that may be passed on the offspring has been detected in one of the partners and other circumstances that will be specifically mentioned in this paper. The assisted reproductive technologies, while they have helped people who could not have ...

Analysis of Ethical Dilemma

Analysis of Ethical Dilemma: Embryo Harvesting, Freezing and Genetic Manipulation – A Case of Posthumous Conception
Introduction
Nursing practice has evolved greatly from just offering care to patients who are physically sick to include family and community care. Technology has enhanced nursing practice and made possible things that seemed impossible years back. For instance it is now possible to preserve fertility through semen cryopreservation in which sperms are harvested and stored in frozen form. Such sperms can be thawed and used for artificial insemination. While such technological developments have many applications, they have many unresolved ethical issues that ...

When an oocyte and spermatozoa fuse, the process is referred to as fertilization. The gametes are haploid at that stage and grow further into a diploid zygote. There is a difference in the forms that the process can be made possible. It can be through the natural mode that occurs in vitro or can happen outside the body in vivo (Hill, 2016). Research studies have been done adequately to ensure that circumstances that support life out of the womb can be created for a while before a transfer is done to the womb for future growth and development. For ...

Ans1: Growth is defined as the increase in size and mass of a particular organism over a period of time. It is measured in terms of biomass (mass of the organic material). An organism grows by mitosis. Growth stops after certain age of the organism. Growth is quantitative and measured by taking the measurement of height, weight, size and shape of body organs like brain, etc .
Development is defined as the process of cells differentiation which helps in the development of the body. It adds complexities to the body (such as organ development). Development of the organism is a ...

THE COMFORT AND PAIN RELIEF NEEDS

OF THE
ANTEPARTUM, INTRAPARTUM, & POSTPARTUM PATIENT
Pregnancy and Pain
One of the miracles of nature is Pregnancy. Two cells that cannot be seen by the naked eye join and create a human being that walks, talks, thinks, loves, and lives. For women this stage of their life is a time of happiness and sometimes of concern. They realize that now they are in charge of their lives and the life of a new individual. While most pregnancies run a normal smooth course, some others can become high risk pregnancies. Mothers become aware of the many changes occurring in their bodies ...

Purpose

The labor and delivery unit provides care for mothers and babies before, during and after delivery. This unit focuses on the provision of care for them others during labor and as they deliver, monitoring of both the mother and the baby after delivery and coaching mothers on breastfeeding and caring for the child.

Patients

This unit focuses on provision of care to pregnant women in labor whether the labor is complicated or is uncomplicated. This is to ensure the safe delivery of the babies and help women go through the procedure safely. After delivery, the nurses in the unit have a ...

1. Task one critically reflect on the meaning of the flowing sentence " the key to seeing these infant initial seeking and feeding behaviors is to permit both mothers and baby to be calm, relaxed and interacting with each other, with no other agenda"

There are many factors which influence an infants feeding behavior and most of these factors are determined by the mother. Failure to maintaining a conducive environment for a child’s feeding behavior may result to poor feeding and hence child malnutrition. Once this occurs, the infant is prone to illnesses that are nutrition related. It is therefore the ...

For a long time the ideal family resembled something out of “Leave it to Beaver”. The mother was in the home, baking homemade goodies and awaiting the father’s return from a hard day. Women were expected to reproduce. Children played outside, and never dared question their parents. If an accidental pregnancy happened outside of wedlock the girl was sent away to have it, or she and the father were forced to marry. Teenaged girls were more likely to get pregnant, despite the stigma that would be placed upon her. This is a far cry from the modern family, ...

The anthropology of kinship connects the social-cultural relationships that form a vital aspect of societal lives. Anthropologists would study kinship as a way of determining the relationship between individuals based on marriage, family, and similar cultural establishments. It shows the actions and behaviors that shape life across all forms of culture including parenthood, gender roles, sexuality, siblings’ relationship, and socialization. In general, societies are unique in their ways of interpreting the biological forms of life as related to kinship. This essay proves the idea that kinship anthropology can help map social-cultural differences onto biological facts using the following pointers.
...

Lo (2012) defines ethical dilemmas as situations that cannot be resolved using a satisfactory answer. The solution of an ethical dilemma varies depending on the situation, and the philosophy to which the affected individuals subscribe. Ethical dilemmas are a common occurrence in the nursing field. The profession not only requires the professional interaction between nurses and the patients in delivering efficient care, but also demands extensive knowledge in maintain boundaries during these interactions.
The growing cultural diversity implies the interaction of nurses with patients from a variety of backgrounds, bearing varying beliefs and customs that have the potential to ...

Lesson 5 Answers:

24.) Plants are classified into four major groups: Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and lastly the Angiosperms. Bryophytes are the plants that do not have true vascular systems, which consist of the xylem and the phloem. In this group, includes the mosses, liverworts and hornworts. Together, they are considered as land plants that reproduce their own asexually by producing spores. Spores are produced in the ‘sporangium’ (plural sporangia), a bulb-like structure located at the top of the stalk. It can only be seen through the use of high powered microscope. Because they lack vessels that can bring the nutrients from the roots ...

Attitudes and Expectations Relative to Motherhood in Early 20th-Century Canada

In the early 20th century, the Canadian people placed lot of expectation and emphasis on the roles that the women played in the society. The status of the people in society spelt less about the roles that they played, but the ultimate measure stood in the activities that went on (Rosenberg & Weinfeld, 1993). In most cases, the people expect a lot from the mothers, a situation that heightened in the early 20th century. The situation with the Canadian mothers has attracted the world’s attention. One of the earliest situations in Canada in the early 20th century was the rise of ...

Introduction

Down syndrome also referred to as trisomy 21 is a genetic abnormality that is associated with a chromosomal condition characterized by the availability of a third chromosome 21 copy either in part or fully . The disorder is usually manifested by slow cognitive capabilities, slight to moderate intellectual debility, hypotonia in infancy and weak muscle tenor. . Physical characteristics encompass distinctive facial characteristics such as a flat facial outline, eyes slanting upwards, macroglossia, epicanthic eyelids, flat nasal bridge, small limbs, petite body frame, palmer crease, microgenia and smaller heads compared to the body frame .
The slow cognitive capabilities are usually manifested by a major delay ...

Arguably, diabetes has become one of the prominent conditions in the world today. Scholars assert that the lifestyle that people live nowadays could be a risk factor towards diabetes. As a matter of fact, diabetes is a condition where individuals are not in a position to produce sufficient insulin that is required by the body system. In some occasion, the cells of the human body do not respond well to the production of insulin. Insulin is very important in the human body because it moves simple sugar (glucose) from the blood into body cells. Debates today is known to be a lifelong condition (Allman ...

The concepts presented in the film, Gattaca are not entirely fictional. Advances in science and technology have presented some exceptional cures and treatments for the human species. There are numerous discoveries and inventions that have made the quality of one’s life better than what was once possible. However, along with the numerous phenomenal breakthroughs in medicine, there are also some developments that come into question as unethical. The premise of the movie was structured around genetic engineering of embryos’ to be designed into the perfect human based on the requests of the parents-to-be. The main character Vincent was ...

Over a period of 400 million years, animals in the vertebrate category have evolved to a diverse array of life adaptations on earth. Vertebrates represent animals that are most familiar with people and are used for food, adopted as pets and deployed for labor. They include fish, reptiles, birds, amphibians and mammals. The classification system that groups vertebrates according to each of the classes that have been mentioned above utilizes genetics, anatomy, and the evolutionary relationships. Animals are classified starting with the kingdom which is a large body that encompasses animals that have similar characteristics and end up with ...

Diabetes Types, stats and pathology

Introduction 2
Statistics 2
Types of Diabetes 3
Type-1Diabetes 3
Type-2 Diabetes 4
Juvenile Diabetes 4
Gestational Diabetes 4
Prediabetes 5
LADA 5
MODY (Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young) 5
Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis 6
Medical diagnosis 7
Causes 8
Monitoring diabetes and Drug Therapy 10
Insulin Shots and therapeutic agents 10
Dietary Considerations and Nutrition Therapy 11
Conclusion 11
Introduction
Diabetes is a challenging disease for current health care that is causing a heavy financial burden to the society. Estimations have ...

Introduction

This review covers the pathophysiology, diagnosis, epidemiology, etiology, clinical presentation, management and complications associated with diabetes mellitus commonly known as diabetes, a disorder that affects more than 385 million people worldwide (idf.org). The long term prognosis and impact on the quality of life are also discussed. Diabetes is defined by the American diabetes association as a group of disorders that are characterized by hyperglycemia stemming from deficiency in the activity of insulin or reduced insulin secretion, or both. There are three main types of diabetes namely type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes. Diabetes mellitus has no cure. It is a lifelong ...

Philosophy

1 a.
Medical paternalism is a medical conduct that gives medical personnel immense authority and power as far as the treatment of patients is concerned. The following essay looks at medical paternalism and whether it is a valid medical practice or completely uncalled for.
Medical paternalism is a principle that gives medical personnel certain powers and liberties. Medical paternalism is the frame of thought that the medical personnel can withhold certain information from the patient or even forcefully administer certain forms of treatment and medication contrary to the wishes of the patient. The main argument behind medical paternalism is that ...

A Biological Father

A biological father who had sexual intercourse with the child mother once without a fundamental relationship is supposed to pay child support for the child. Child support is chiefly guided by the notion that parents are legally obligated to support financially their child. According to the constitution a parent is defined as the natural and lawful mother or father of a child whereas a father is ascertained to be a male person recognized by law as a parent of a child. However, the definition also accommodates adoptive parents as legal and lawful parents of a child. A natural parent merely means a biological parent of a child (Alston, Parker & ...

Introduction 1

Physiology of Normal Pregnancy 2
Germinal stage3
Embryonic stage4
Foetal stage..5

Placental development and function6

Uterine.7
Structural and Functional Changes to Maternal Systems 8
Maternal Physiological Adaptations of the Respiratory System 9
Upper respiratory system..10
Thorax and Diaphragm..11

Maternal Physiological Adaptations of the Renal System 12

Summary 13
Figure 1. The left-hand duplicate displays a woman's body before she her pregnancy, and the right-hand appearance shows her body carrying a foetus full term.14

References: 15

Introduction
A lot of the human cells are usually reproduced and then replaced throughout the life of a pregnant woman. However, the procedure does vary when it comes to the type of ...

Diabetes is a major disease that has significant side effects and complications. The worldwide incidence of diabetes is high and every year there are more people who are diagnosed with diabetes. People who have diabetes have a shorter lifespan than people in the normal population. However, clinical studies have shown that nutritional therapy can reduce the risk of diabetes and its complications. Therefore, a management plan for diabetes should also include a diet plan for the control of diabetes and its symptoms.

Nutrition Therapy for Diabetes

According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 25.8 million people, or 8.3% of the population. in the United States had ...

Kangaroo Mother Care: The Benefits of Skin-to-Skin Contact with Newborns

Kangaroo Mother Care, or Skin-to-Skin contact with a newborn immediately after birth, has proven to be a highly beneficial practice, with hardly any negative impact. Kangaroo Mother Care, or KMC for short, provides a newborn the warmth, stimulation, safety, protection from infection, and love that they need. KMC has benefits for not only the newborn, but also significant benefits for the mother, including a boost in her self esteem. Through various studies, pediatricians and obstetricians have found little negative impact through the use of the Kangaroo Mother Care method. The only time it should not be used is in emergency situations, where a newborn ...

Introduction

Technology is used by various people for different purposes, different frequencies and ways. Technology innovation has changed the way people think and carry out their work. This is because technology has improved the physical practices of man and made things easier and fast. Technology has been used to connect families and communities due to its intelligence and driven creativity by the people. Due to technology, individuals have been able to find solutions to problems and create a better future by changing our world. In this essay, we will look at the future effects that technology has on women.

Technology Effects on Women

Technology has ...

What are the interventions to promote oral intake in preterm infants?"

Overview
An estimated fifteen million infants are prematurely born every year. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), one in every ten children born in America is affected by preterm birth. The term preterm is used to refer to babies who are born before the normal thirty-seven weeks gestation period. Preterm births are classified based on the gestation age. Babies born less that twenty-seven weeks or the gestation period are categorized as extremely preterm. Very Preterm babies are those born between twenty seven weeks and thirty-two weeks while moderate to late preterms are born between thirty-two ...

O'Neill, K. E., Senapati, S., & Dokras, A. (2015). Use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone
agonist trigger during in vitro fertilization is associated with similar endocrine profiles and oocyte measures in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertility and sterility, 103(1), 264-269.

Comprehension

The comprehension phase of the quantitative critique process is characterized by the identification of the main terms and concepts of a quantitative study (Grove, Burns & Gray, 2014). The steps of the research process are also identified at this phase, including the purpose, design, methodology, analysis, and results. The comprehension phase of quantitative critique process was achieved by reading ...

Question 1

Angiosperms can be dioecious or monoecious and they go through sexual production (Raghavan, 1999). Angiosperm flowers are considered to be hermaphroditic or androgynous because the same flower contains both female and male gametophytes. However, angiosperm flowers with only female gametophytes are incomplete and considered to be either a carpellate flower containing only female parts or a staminate flower containing only male structures.
The male reproductive structure of the angiosperms is known as andoecium. The anthers that are found in the stamens of the angiosperms contain pollen sacks, which have the microsporocytes. The cells go through a process known as ...

In clinical practice, patients are sometimes scheduled to go through complex procedures such as surgery. In other cases, medical practitioners face the issue of switching off life support machines, or choose between the life of the mother and her unborn child. In such cases, the medical practitioner must get the patient’s consent before performing such procedures.
Patients may or may not allow the doctors to carry out these procedures depending on the information they have on the matter. In addition, patients may refuse to get treatment depending on their religious beliefs. For example, some religions believe that blood ...

Reproduction in the News

Introduction
Science and technology are marching forward into the brave new world with increasing rapidity. The proverbial Moore’s Law, prophesying the doubling of the speed of computer chips every six months (Moore’s Law), remains true to this date. As a corollary, increased use of the computing power and consequent technology allows medical science to unravel mysteries hitherto opaque to man. The biggest mystery to man has always been the mystery of procreation. As with most things man did not understand to begin with, he gave procreation a divine status. Children were literally the gift of God. However, ...

Birth control is a practice that helps us to plan the timing of pregnancy as well as prevent pregnancy. Just like Vaginal ring and birth control patches, birth control pills regulate the oestrogen and progestin hormone levels in the body. The pills are taken as progestin-only or combination pills which have both the oestrogen and progestin. They work by preventing ovulation thereby inhibiting fertilization. Besides, they make the cervical mucus thicker which reduces chances of sperm to reach the egg. The oestrogen and progestin-based methods are very effective when administered at the right time as prescribed. They are also ...

In this paper I will analyze the relevant readings I have completed on the subject. Moreover, I will offer the relevant reasons to justify and prove my position. Eventually, I will present the possible arguments against my point of view.
First of all, Rebecca Kukla and Katherine Wayne offer a profound article on the prenatal testing. This article is unbiased and presents both positive and negative dimensions of such testing. Therefore, it is stated in the article that pre-natal tests often lead to abortions as long as parents are eager to have a “designer child”, adjusted to their own ...

Introduction

Handling an angry or uncooperative patient can be a challenge to any healthcare professional trying to perform a medical procedure on the patient’s behalf. When a patient is faced with a sudden illness, he or she may experience overwhelming fear about the outcome of any testing or procedures that have to be performed. For many patients with no medical knowledge, testing brings with it more fear about what is going to happen during the tests. The role of the radiology professional is to maintain compassion while educating the patient about the procedure that is to be performed. In ...

Exercise 1: Investigation of the Testes and Ovary

- Why are the testes located outside of the body in the scrotum?
The testes work best at temperature lower than the body temperatures. Therefore, process of spermatogenesis takes place optimally at temperatures slightly less than that of the body and hence the testes are located outside in the scrotum.
- What process occurs in the seminiferous tubules?
The seminiferous tubules form the site for germination, maturation, and transportation of the sperm cells within the testes of the male animals. The processes are called spermatogenesis. The process of meiosis takes place within the seminiferous tubules. The ...

Summary of the child birth class

The birth class was scheduled on October 05, 2014 from 9:00 AM until 5:00 PM at Sebily Memorial Hospital. It was made up of twelve women with each woman having a partner accompanying them to the session. The instructor always insisted on the pregnant mothers coming with a trusted friend or husband to the class sessions. The instructor was called Mrs. Danielle Kontz. She had been with the class from the beginning where she had twelve women and two nursing students. The class was very intense; it was eight hours long in which she talked about a topic for half an hour ...

<Student’s name>
<Professor’s name>

Introduction
Cloning (biology) is a natural occurrence or reception through multiple genetically identical organisms by asexual (including vegetative) reproduction. The term "cloning" in the same sense and is often used in relation to the cells of multicellular organisms. Cloning is also known as getting a number of identical copies of genetic molecules (molecular cloning). Finally, cloning is also commonly referred biotechnological techniques are used to obtain clones artificial organisms, cells or molecules. A group of genetically identical organisms or cells is a clone.
Cloning is widespread in nature in different organisms. ...

An Ethical Dilemma

Defining Death:
An Ethical Dilemma

The cases of three infants receiving heart transplants in Denver, Colorado from three other dying infants who had not yet met the criteria for the Dead Donor Rule (DDR) raises important ethical questions for the medical field (O’Reilly ¶ 1). These questions include examining the criteria for death, what it is to be dying versus dead, whether the DDR should be rethought, issues of public trust, and consent and prognosis.

All 50 states recognize the DDR as law. According to it, “patients must be declared irreversibly dead before their vital organs can be ...

Hemp is a traditional plant that has been used in the production of various products. Such products include cosmetics, insulation, and construction materials. Other products are nutritional supplements, paper, as well as other manufactured goods. It can be grown as a fiber, seed, or a dual-purpose group crop. Commercial cultivation of hemp is prohibited in certain countries. The anatomy and structure of the plant suit its industrial functions. This paper examines the anatomy, structure, development, as well as the growth patterns of the plant. Additionally, it explores uses, ecological niche, and the differences between a male as well as ...

The project seeks to educate nurses on the management of cases of prenatal depression. The aim is to help reduce the cases of prenatal depression and therefore ensure that these mothers as they approach the end of the gestational period. The idea is to take the nurses through an education program that will equip them with the technique and skill to adopt evidence-based methods for management of the cases of prenatal depression as well as the prevention of such cases in mothers when in the gestational period. The research or study will seek to the following outcomes;
The prevalence ...

What are the female reproductive parts of the angiosperm flower?

The female reproductive parts of a flower include the stigma, the ovary, and the style. Their collective name is normally referred to as carpel. a flower may be composed of one or several pistils. For reproduction to occur, all these parts play an important role. The stigma is the female part of a flower that receives pollen grains. It normally has a sticky surface to enable pollen grain to stick and germinate on it. There are several shapes of the stigma. The different shapes enable them to be well adapted to their role in reproduction. Some of the shapes ...