Transfusion College Essays Samples For Students

In clinical transplantation, an observed complication is that previous red blood cell (RBC) transfusions may reduce the risk of solid organ transplant rejection but increase the risk of bone marrow transplant (BMT) graft failure (Storb and Weiden, 1981). This statement is seemingly a contradiction. It is difficult to understand how RBC transfusions can both reduce the risk of solid organ transplant rejection and increase the risk of BMT rejection.
But this contradiction can be resolved by understanding three considerations. First, the immune system is extremely complex and attempts to control its effects routinely have both positive and negative effects ( ...

Mechanisms by which Incompatible Red Cells may be Cleared from Circulation

Introduction
One of the leading causes of transfusion-associated mortality is related to haemolytic transfusion reactions.1 Many factors that account for haemolytic transfusion, and complement activation is the most widely studied and documented feature linked with such reactions and fatalities, and many researchers have focused on the role of complement initiation, activation and regulation with respect to these reactions. Others have focused on the underlying strategies involved in mitigating the complement modulation, in the event of an incompatible red blood cell transfusion.1 Many reports have stated that incompatible red blood cell (RBC) transfusions are the leading cause of death in ...

Introduction and Overview

The Rhesus factor (Rh) refers to the red blood cell’s(RBC) surface antigen;the name Rhesus comes from the small Indian monkeys in which it was first discovered. Rh incompatibility,sometimes referred to as Rh disease, is a condition that occurs when a woman with the Rh-negative blood type is exposed to Rh- positive blood cells, leading to the development of Rh antibodies. This condition can have fatal outcomes including haemolytic disease of the foetus or newborn, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and haemolytic transfusion reactions (HTRs). These conditions have, in the past, raised a lot of concerns, and some ...

Blood Transfusion

Blood transfusion is the safe process of transferring blood from a donor to a recipient. Blood recipients are patients of various diseases and injuries who require blood to save their lives. The process is done to replace the lost blood during surgery, due to injuries or due to other complications and diseases, which render the body mechanism unable to make blood cells. In fact, about 90 million people around the world are in need of blood every year, while only about less than 12 million people are willing to donate blood each year (Pan American Health Organization, 2009). In the United ...

Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, and Q5 Essay

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Q1. Anaphylaxis identification, management and prevention

Anaphylaxis is referred to as an allergic reaction encompassing anaphylactic shock as a severe manifestation of the said allergic reaction according to Sinclair (2010). The average number of the people believed to be at risk of the aforementioned condition is about 1 to 15% if exposed to certain allergens. Experts believe that the estimated figures vary depending on the definitions of reaction (allergyfacts.org.au, n.d.). During an anaphylactic attack, the patient’s body reacts badly to allergens causing by food, venom, medication, and or insect bite. The body has a natural defense mechanism that fights the allergic ...

During the second week, the CRP analysis was performed in the class. Blood testing for C-reactive protein aids in the rapid identification and verification of the progress and effectiveness of the treatment of infections, injuries and inflammation. The analysis was conducted to determine the acute infectious diseases, to monitor the effectiveness of treatment of chronic diseases (amyloidosis), monitor the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment (pneumonia, septicemia, neonatal sepsis, meningitis, etc.) (Arinzon Z. et al., 2011, p.365).
In addition, it helps to define the determination of the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with atherosclerosis, diabetes but also on chronic hemodialysis ...

[Institution Affiliation]
Various Supreme Courts around the world have tried to make rulings on fundamental rights of Jehovah's Witnesses being involved on evangelism. This incident was witnessed in Canada when the Supreme Court listened to a case whereby a parent prohibited her daughter who was only sixteen to undergo a blood transfusion after losing a lot of blood. Jehovah Witnesses believe that it is against the Laws of God to receive or donate blood to others. This is one of the doctrines they are well characterized with all over the world. They believe God is the giver of life hence the reason ...

Mark’s case is one among the many that healthcare providers face on numerous occasions. In this case, Mark presents at the clinic or within the ER having sustained serious injuries following a car accident. He is assessed to have significant internal bleeding and therefore in need of immediate blood transfusion to arrest the progression of the situation to a severity point. The doctor determined that three units of blood would be necessary for Mark’s situation and therefore placed the order for an immediate transfusion. At the time the transfusion was to occur, Mark was still conscious and ...

1. In the article, Henry (2009) states; “In the context of immunohaematology testing, quality control systems should also be able to detect instrument and human errors such as transcription, transposition and transmission”.

Routine immunohaematology tests may look as if they are both dependable and straightforward; however, the failure of reagent and circumstantial technological inaccuracies can take place both in manual and automated systems. Very dangerous errors such as transposition and transcription can be made. Transposition errors are caused when staff or instruments pick up and use incorrect sample or reagent or dispense samples or reagents into an incorrect testing ...

1. In the article, Henry (2009) states; “In the context of immunohaematology testing, quality control systems should also be able to detect instrument and human errors such as transcription, transposition and transmission”.

Routine immunohaematology tests may seem reliable and simple, however, reagent failure and technical errors can and do occur both in manual and automated systems. Very dangerous errors such as transposition and transcription can be made. Transposition errors are caused when staff or instruments pick up and use incorrect sample or reagent or dispense samples or reagents into an incorrect testing position. Mixing up of test materials such ...

The binding of antibodies to red blood cells can lead to potentially fatal outcomes such as hemolytic transfusion reactions, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and hemolytic disease of the fetus/newborn.1 Information regarding the first steps of hemolytic transfusion reactions is well documented. It is, however, unclear why the severity of hemolytic transfusions experienced by different individuals ranges from mild to very severe.2 The pathophysiology of the final pathways and downstream events of red blood cell hemolysis are also yet to be fully elucidated although research is ongoing.2 A recent study by Liepkalns et al. (2012)1 has reinvigorated debate on the ...

Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn

Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN) is a blood-related disorder that occurs in a fetus or a newborn infant. This problem usually arises, when a mother has different blood type than her unborn baby, i.e. a condition known as “incompatibility”. Most common form of this incompatibility is ABO incompatibility, which is not very severe condition, and the least common form of the incompatibility is Rh incompatibility. Due to these differences in blood types, antibodies in the blood of mother attack the red blood cells of the developing baby resulting in the destruction of blood cells of the baby causing ...

Epidemiology of Thalassemia among the population of Malta

This discussion is about epidemiology of thalassemia in Malta. Thalassemia is the given name of a category of genetic blood confusions typify by anemia because of augmentation of red blood cell destruction (Barnes, Plotnikoff, Fox, and Pendleton, 2000). Hemoglobin, it is the conducting of oxygen of the red blood cells dwelling by the two diverse proteins which are the alpha and beta. In case that the body doesn’t construct sufficient with these two proteins, the red blood cells is inadequate and cannot bring enough oxygen (Sembulingum K. Et Al, N.D.). It is a severe with a more than few of health ...

Patient Blood Management (PBM) refers to an evidence-based and multidisciplinary approach of adjusting and optimizing the type of care that patients receive, especially those who might need a certain type of blood transfusion. There are numerous types of blood transfusion procedures that can be done today; and there are many medical conditions that may require one to be executed. Each condition and blood transfusion process has its own set of indications and contraindications (plus precautions) and this is what highlights the need for a standardized and high quality PBM approach.
Previously discussed topics such as cross-matching, electronic release, and ...

Life is a boon to every living kind. It has been the system of nature that one depends upon others for their survival. The dependency can be in different format. It can be either for the food, support, and different other variables. Humans being the social creature are dependent upon one another for their survival. The dependencies are upon the biological and physical needs of people. One helps other upon their survival fulfilling their needs at various different levels.

Human body is composed of different organs sharing common features with other bodies. Unlike some organs, different biological units are classified ...

There is a growing area of concern between the rights of patients and the often necessary practical needs of the students in the medical field. The debate has majorly focused on whether patient’s rights are infringed when a case of negligence or misdiagnosis has happened in a medical facility that has been set up to cater for the needs of the patients and to horn the skills of medical students. Cases of medical malpractice have been on the rise which has led to fatalities and other unplanned costs (Lim, pg. 6). There have been a number of cases whereby patients have lost ...

Orphan Drug

Introduction
The main purpose for the enactment of the U.S. Orphan Drug Act (ODA) of 1983 is to conduct a research on some of the rare diseases whose medical needs remain to be unresolved.
The law has given incentives to various sponsors who have tried to develop therapies for some of the rare medical conditions that can affect at least 200,000 individuals on a yearly basis (Premiere Research 1). For this study, the objective is to create a regulatory strategy or path for Orphan Drug development, particularly on the oral iron chelator, one of the subsets of thalassemia or ...

The selected Public Service Announcement (PSA) on blood donation would be applicable under conditions of man-made or natural ‘time-limited’ emergency or disaster, but it’s effectiveness in inciting a positive response would be limited. On one hand, the PSA uses a subtle language that incites the reader to respond positively to the ad. The line, ‘every 2 seconds somewhere in the world there is a need for blood transfusion’ helps the reader to grasp quickly why blood donation is necessary to save human lives. However, the PSA does not stress on the urgency of blood donation in time-limited disasters ...

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) poses a serious threat to the well-being of people in different parts of the world. When the virus infects, body cells of a healthy individual, it weakens the immune system and makes an individual vulnerable to contracting to AIDS. In essence, this paper covers many aspects of the HIV virus including its pathophysiology, genomic factors, prevention, treatment, a comprehensive literature review among others.

Pathophysiology of the Disease Processes

Usually, the HIV causing virus binds itself onto cells often classified as CD4 alongside a co-receptor enclosed by a set of glycoproteins (Hammer & Squires, 2010). Notably, replication of DNA is dependent on an unreliable process, which ...

Virtual Lab Report

Virtual Lab 1: Virtual Microscopy
A. Gauge the size of various biological components and organisms. The Virtual Microscope (copy and paste this address into a new browser window: http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cells/scale/ ) can be used to make these observations. Estimate the size (length and width in microns) of
An E.Coli cell is around 0.5µm in width and around 2µm in length. A mitochondrion is around 0.5µm in width and approximately 10µm in length. A Red blood cell is around 5.5µm in width and 7.5µm in length. A virus is approximately 0.25µm in width and ...

Artificial blood

Artificial blood is a derived product that acts as a substitute for the red blood cells present in the body (Sódar, et al. 2016). In comparison to true blood, the purpose of artificial blood is to transport carbon dioxide and oxygen to all parts of the body. Based on current evidence, artificial blood can be developed or prepared by recombinant biotechnology, chemical isolation, or through synthetic production (Sódar, et al. 2016). The concept of plasma in artificial blood was first introduced in the early 1600s (was also known as blood substitutes). The search for true blood substitutes ...

NAMEUNIVERSITY

Emerging infections are defined by Friis and Sellers (2014) as infectious diseases which were just lately identified and classified taxonomically. The majority of them can cause strong and dangerous epidemics. The term is opposed to the term reemerging infections, which denotes “. . . some ‘old’ diseases, for example, tuberculosis or syphilis, that were renewed because of changed conditions in the chain host-agent-environment (Friis and Sellers, 2014). Beltz (2011) describes such emerging diseases as HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, Lyme disease, Respiratory distress syndrome, Lassa fever, Cholera and others. In most cases emerging infections are not caused by mutations in a pathogen (Beltz, 2011). Lashley ( ...

In the nursing profession, ethical dilemmas arise when certain factors prevent nurses from doing what they consider the right thing. One of these dilemmas is the battle of beliefs. This dilemma arises when empirical knowledge in the medical and nursing profession is contrasted with cultural values and religious beliefs. Certain cultures and religions forbid modern medical practices such as blood transfusion, organ transplant, surgery and even medicines. For example, blood transfusion is strongly abhorred by members of the Jehovah Witness sect. Cases have been reported where patients in intensive care unit reject lifesaving procedures merely because of religious believes. ...

Inventory management system

Introduction
Information management systems have been on the rise. With computer use and automation on the rise, the need to have information systems has been seen to be one of the greatest trends in the world. Inventory management is a significant information system that helps to track stock in an organization. Most of the users and people who install inventory management systems want to achieve the need to have an understanding of the flow of stock in their organization. This paper will focus on an inventory system that will be used in a clothing store. The system is to be ...

Introduction

One of the most complex aspects of human existence in the modern world at present include the need to handle medical operations. The reason for such complexity is the involvement of different human elements into the system. Such human elements include emotion, culture, tradition and at times even religion. The field of medicine has been incurring several developments through the years. And somehow, the most common point of medical development incurred is mostly dedicated on how nurses and other medical practitioners could handle particularly complex situations involving human elements that could intervene with the procedures they want to engage ...

Introduction

Direct patient care is a care that is provided to patients by staff members of a hospital. Technology has improved work done and made it more efficient in giving patient’s records. There are several technologies being used in hospitals in order to serve patients efficiently. This paper will look at two forms of technologies used in direct patient care discussing when they are being used, their value, and lastly, strengths and drawbacks of each technology.

Health care information Technology

Health care Information Technology for patients is the use of electronic medical records whereby information for patients are processed and kept. These records include past ...

Introduction

Nurses are responsible for the delivery of safe, effective, efficient, timely and patient centered health care services. The first step in delivering health care services is identifying the actual health problems a patient has and potential health care complication the patient will likely have based on the patients health history and the current conditions. In this report, nursing problems are stated for the case of a geriatric patient recovering from a TURP operation. Possible interventions to arrest the identified problems and evaluation of their effectiveness in keeping with the clinical reasoning model are evaluated.
TURP is commonly used to benign prostatic ...