Drug Abuse Course Works Samples For Students

- How would propylthiouracil affect metabolic rate in a normal rat? Explain why.

It would decrease metabolic rate since propylthiouracil decreases the production of thyroid hormone (“Propylthiouracil,” n.d.).

- Explain the action of insulin on body cells.

Insulin acts on the body cells by promoting absorption of glucose from the blood stream to the body cells. This is done when insulin attaches to the insulin receptors in cells triggering a response that increases the levels glucose transporters (GLUT4) (Cartailler, n.d.).

- If the body is not producing enough insulin what happens to levels of that substance (your answer to ...

There are signs that are exhibited by persons indulging in drug abuse which would appear to be cross cutting amongst various drugs. However, there are certain specific warning signs that are portrayed by different drugs to the users. This is because these drugs have different components which produce different sensations to the individuals. Thus, individuals would display different warning signs of drug abuse depending on the type of drug that they are consuming. Some of these specific signs of drug abuse have been identified for different drugs that are taken by individuals. To begin with, some of the warning ...

1. Hundreds of Americans die every day because of drug abuse and overdose. Deaths due to alcohol abuse are even more. The above two abuses have overtaken the causalities caused by illegal drugs. The latest victim of drug abuse was actor Philip Seymour Hoffman who died of drug overdose. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), people misuse prescription drugs when they cannot get cocaine or other banned drugs. Drinking bottles of cough syrups and having painkillers is common to get high or intoxicated. Some doctors find a way out for their patients by over prescribing ...

The Prevalence of Co-Occurring Disorders

Individuals with substance abuse disorders as defined by the DSM-V can present with symptoms of many other mental health disorders. It can be difficult to separate the symptoms of these two categories of illness without treatment to determine what the precipitating event was. In some instances, the existence of a mental health disorder can be the cause and the substance abuse disorder can be one of the symptoms that has progressed to the point of meeting diagnostic criteria on its own. In other instances, the substance abuse disorder can be creating symptoms of mental health disorders that would not ...

This paper reviews an article titled ‘States –level Estimates of the Economic Costs of Alcohol and Drug Abuse’ authored by Thomas Wickizer. The study was published in the thirty ninth volume of the Journal of Health Science 2013. It contains the findings of an investigation done to estimate the cost of alcohol and drug abuse in Washington State in the year 2005. The study employed the Cost of Illness (COI) to estimate the economic cost of alcohol and drug abuse in Washington. Both the direct costs associated with payment made for medication and indirect costs which include ...

Man throughout the ages has been involved in various activities in order to satisfy many wants that surround his life. These activities in some instances do not go well resulting in too much thinking. The deep thinking leads to stress which over time can lead to distress. Due to the distress, many people turn into abusing of drugs such as marijuana and alcohol, which end up damaging their brains. With intervention of medical experts, victims of drug abuse have been treated and put under medical programs to help them heal their brains. However, in some cases these patients find ...

In regard to President Reagan’s statement on the criminalization of drugs, I find the following instances fallacious; He goes on state that, all youths are under the influence of drug abuse. In the opinion of these ensuing events, he failed to acknowledge the fact that, society is never uniform. His statement is, therefore, not logically conclusive. It is vague in the most of its positions.

On the same note, he failed to highlight whether the issue was affecting only the male or all categories of youths. Similarly, President Reagan just mentioned statistics of drug abuse among Americans without ...

Recommendation for Treatment

The client currently exhibits serious drug abuse symptoms, especially because of the needle tracks on his left arm. The client, however, denies having injected himself with a drug. He tends to under-estimate the impact of chemical abuse on his body, and I recommend that he receives counseling to help him deal with the situation rather than live in denial. This is because drug abuse can cause death if not addressed early. The client admits to having used other drugs such as cannabis sativa, cocaine, alcohol, and methamphetamines. These drugs are harmful to the body. The client also admits to having ...

Suboxone is a combination drug, administered sublingually, of buprenorphine HCL and naloxone HCl dehydrate in a ratio of 4:1, used for the treatment of opioid addiction, for example in heroin addicts and narcotic painkiller abuse, in higher doses; and in lower doses is used for the treatment of acute and chronic pain (FDA, 2010). Buprenorphine is a μ receptor partial agonist and a κ receptor antagonist; naloxone is an opioid receptor antagonist, which has a higher affinity for μ receptors then full agonists do and can thus displace the full agonist from the receptor reversing the effects of opiate overdose, such as respiratory and ...

While many scholar psychologists argue that abstinence is perhaps the only viable way of treating drug addiction, other scholars have demonstrated that controlled use of alcohol and the addictive drug can also provide a realistic solution to the problem. It is paramount for stakeholders to agree that drug addiction is a treatable condition. However, treating drug related syndromes requires that the treatment model is tailored to the needs of the victims. One way of administering this treatment model is by allowing the victims to control their condition and live normal and productive lives. I think that drug and substance abuse is ...

Teaching Project for Teenage Drug Use

Illicit use of drugs and alcoholism are major causes of death in the United States of America.

It is every parent’s nightmare that their child might start experimenting with drugs when they hit puberty. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (2011) most teenagers who experiment with prescription drugs before the age of 12 are likely to engage in substance abuse in their teenage years. Illicit drug use and alcoholism has profound negative effect on teenagers, for example, it decreases the teenager’s ability to pay attention, teenagers who abuse drugs are more likely to engage in ...

Introduction

Drug abuse is major problem across the globe. The US has a big multicultural population, flexible immigration laws, liberalism, and lies in major drug transit route. These issues have made the US a big target for drug production, trade, and consumption (Hakim, 4). The federal government initiated laws and agencies to fight drug use and trade. However, dynamics in the trade, human rights issues, scientific research, economic constraints, shifting international relations, and several other policy issues have compelled the government to rethink its stand on policies regarding drugs in the country.

Major policy issues in drug Use in US

The main policy issues in the US drug policies are ...

Substance abuse is one of the key factors having a negative impact on pregnancy outcomes. The illicit drug use in women of reproductive age increases year by year in many countries, and the use of drugs, along with misuse of prescriptive drugs such as antidepressants and pain killers during pregnancy is common. Nicotine and alcohol which are the major risk factors for the fetal development itself are often used in combination with other drugs. Many women under special treatment report “polydrug usage” (Whittaker, 2003), a substance abuse can be accompanied by poverty, psychological distress and victimization. According to study by ...

Liverpool is one of the most important and popular cities in England. It citizens come from varied and different backgrounds belonging to different nationalities and ethnic groups. The major part population consists of white British. The citizens of Liverpool have traditionally been known for their hospitality and tolerance but the traits have dwindled and decreased over the years. Still, the citizens of the city are considered welcoming and intelligent since a huge chunk of population is literate.

As a city in England, Liverpool enjoys one of the most successful forms of democratic governments in the world. The parliamentary form of government ...

The research that I am going to undertake attempts to make a study about the issues that are likely to take birth in the families where there is a drug abuse. This study will make a comparative study between the families where there is high drug usage and the family with no drug abuse. So, the ultimate objective of this research is to find the relationship between the abuse of the substance and its impact in the family development.
The variables that are dependent on others to derive their meaning or value are called dependent variables while the variables, which are ...

Over the past one decade, various developments have resulted in the effort to gain a clear insight into the extent and nature of drug use that has threatened the life of teenagers. The information collected in this study links the drug use problem incorporation to a negligent society. The health care providers and human support comprehensively have investigated the drug use prevalence issue in the young adults in ensuring development of policies and interventions that will lead to addressing this problem among this vulnerable group.

Although various studies are on the issue of teenage drug use, there has been insufficient information ...

The ecological models were developed to further the understanding of the interrelations between various personal and environmental factors. The models bridge the gap between behavioral and anthological theories. The model's ultimate goal is the prevention of the occurrence of violence by having a clear understanding of the factors that influence violence. The four-level model helps in understanding various forms of violence and the potential strategies that can be used in the prevention. The model considers the interplay between the community, society, individuals and social relationships.

Through the model, it is possible to address the reasons why people get into ...

Introduction

In compliance with Abacus’ mission statement, which emphasizes the importance of customer service, this Code of Conduct will instruct employees on the unacceptable forms of behavior. Because Abacus is transitioning from the manufacturing industry to a company oriented on customer service, employees are expected to maintain a high level of professionalism, performance, and responsible behavior at the workplace. However, according to Abacus’ belief in the positive discipline approach, the company also informs the employee about their rights, the company’s responsibility in improving problematic behavioral patterns, and the outcomes of such disciplinary actions.

Workplace Performance Expectations

Employees who work in customer relations have the ...

How do special needs, mentally ill, and substance-abusing prisoners affect the jail and prison systems at state and federal levels? Persons with disabilities include those who have long-term physical, mental, intellectual, or sensory impairments (Atabay, T., & United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2009). Their special needs demand treatment to reduce the risk they pose to themselves and the society. The prison authority at state and federal levels have to bestow special attention to such inmates along with generating funds, staff, and facilities for them and building them special programs aimed to rehabilitate them. Mentally ill inmates cost ...

Various drugs for a unusually long period of time have been denied as being used as drugs. This is for the main reason of the harmful effects that they can subject the patients that use the drug. For this reason, the Federal Authority has ruled against some of drugs to be used as medications. This has forced some the scientists who study about the drugs to refrain from their research. Marijuana being among the mostly abused drugs in the entire world, the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) has discriminated on the study concerning the drug (Wendy and Webb, 69). ...

Many people who suffer from a substance addiction also suffer from a mental health problem at the same time and the difficulties they are faced with far outweigh the effects of either alone. Often, only one of the two problems is identified and that depends on the primary problems treated where the diagnosis is given and which problem is most prominent. When one of the problems is severe it may eclipse the other problems the individual is suffering from.

Although one problem may be considered primary and the rest secondary, this does not mean that the individual isn’t experiencing serious ...

Q1. The imprisonment of ten percent of Black American parents has huge social implications on the affected families and the Black community in United States of America.

It leads to loss of income and make it difficult for the remaining Black American parent to raise his or her children. The loss of income is responsible for high poverty level among the affected families. For children from single parent, the imprisonment leads to poor parenting because of the changes in caregivers. The affected children can acquire deviant behavior if he or she identifies with the parent. Consequently, the imprisonment of parents elevates the chances that a black child shall develop antisocial behavior. Indeed, some studies have shown that the affected children are more likely to experience negative outcome ...

Background information

Domestic violence is a vice that is rooted in the societies and applies in equal proportions to both rich and poor families. In addition, unmarried couples in relationships are also victims of domestic violence. For this reason, the purpose of the prevention group will be to educate participants on the dangers of domestic violence in a bid to prevent the perpetuation of this menace. The target audience for the group will be ten to fifteen couples who are victims of domestic violence, and their diversities will range from married couples to dating couples.

The qualities of a marriage or family counselor are ...

The article of Berman and Fox (2009) presented the history of D.A.R.E. (Drug Abuse Research Education) program, and the main objective of the program which is to prevent drug addiction among the youth. For this study, the police officers were required to undergo trainings in order to lead educational sessions in local schools. The main purpose of the program is to educate young children of the long-term impact of teen drug abuse. The study revealed that those teens coming from suburban towns are more prone to be lured to drug addiction.

The problem or issue presented in this article ...

Drug and substance abuse is a significant problem in the workplace. It is estimated that approximately 70% of illegal drug users are employed and of all working adults, 7% are heavy drinkers (Wickizier et al., 2004; Slavit & Reagin, 2009). In this paper, the issues relating to on-job drug use, employer responsibility in assisting drug-addicted employees and the type of workplace programs effective in curbing this vice will be explored.

Body

On workplace issues related to substance use, empirical evidence suggests that substance abuse is strongly correlated with the risk for occupational accidents and injury, absenteeism, turnover, reduced productivity and disciplinary ...

Adverse Childhood Experiences or ACEs is the name given to describe all kinds of abuse, neglect, and other distressing experiences that happen to people under the age of 18. The ACEs study observed the connection between these experiences throughout their childhood and decreased health and social interaction as they grow-up. From 1995 to 1997, more than 17,000 people who are receiving physical exams participated in confidential surveys about their childhood experiences and present behaviors and health status.

ACE’s Categories

- Emotional abuse
- Sexual abuse
- Physical abuse
- Incarcerated relative
- Mother treated violently
...

CITE: USA Today, Oct. 2, 2013, page 34.

FACTS: Katherine Jackson, mother to Michael Jackson brought a suit on negligence against AEG Live LLC. AEG Live LLC was a concert promotion company that produced Jackson’s comeback concerts. Katherine argued that AEG Live LLC acted negligently in hiring the physician responsible for administering the medication that killed Michael. Conrad Murray, the physician, was found guilty of involuntary manslaughter in November 2011 for administering a propofol overdose that lead to the death of the singer.

In their negligence claim, the family sought to show that AEG Live LLC was responsible for hiring the ...

People experiment with drugs for various reasons. Some try it because of curiosity, peer pressure, for relaxation, to improve performance in sports, relieve stress, or some serious personal problems. Using illegal drugs does not equate to abuse, but prolonged use does. Substance abuse and dependence can lead to behavioral, mental, and physical changes involving attention, perception, and judgment of the individual.

Substance abuse is a "pattern of harmful use of any substance for mood-altering purposes" (Buddy). It pertains to abuse and misuse of prescription drugs or over-the-counter medicines "for purposes other than those for which they are indicated ...

The study conducted by Drake, O'Neal, & Wallach (2008) provided a detailed analysis of co-occurring substance abuse along with severe mental illnesses which were explained through Psychosocial interventions. The initial process of the study was to identify 22 experimental and 23 was the experimental studies where a total of n=45 was obtained in order to conduct a psychosocial dual diagnosis is intervention on the basis of multiple search strategies. Contingency management, group counseling and residential dual diagnosis treatment were used as different interventions in order to show the impact of the rehab treatment and various observations related to case management, increasing ...

During the last 20 years, comorbidity has had a growing prevalence in psychiatric disorders. Comorbidity refers to the overlap of more than one psychiatric disorder. Dual-diagnosis is a more specific diagnosis of a substance use, which can be drug or alcohol use, and other psychiatric disorders (Stinson et al., 2006). Such is the case with the subject Ken, who is presented for this paper. Ken’s sleep disturbances and lack of appetite indicate a diagnosis of depression to fulfill the psychiatric end of the dual-diagnosis. Using alcohol, underage, as a tranquilizer warrants the substance abuse diagnosis. His distraction, restlessness, and difficulties interacting with others ...

1. Liberalism and Feminist theorist 

Central to the theory and practice of Liberalism is the freedom of individuals to make choices that will result to social outcomes. This particular school of thought believes that “the purpose of society is the advance of freedom, equality, and human happiness” (Auster, 2007, LA reply section). It is important to note though that when one person chooses not to respect the freedom and rights of other people, this violates the concept and therefore could not be considered under Liberalism. The various forms of liberalism: economic, social and political, adopt the central tenet, albeit in different contexts.

Liberalism, ...

HIV/AIDS has been a menace in the last two decades. Multiple lives have been lost and children left as orphans due to these diseases. One of the major causes for increased transmission of sexually transmitted diseases is unsafe sex. Young couples, especially those that are not committed in their relationships, ought to make sure that they use condoms to prevent transmission of STI’s. One of the alternatives for doing so is through the distribution of condoms to public schools, especially colleges and universities. Young people with access to condoms are more likely to use protection while having sex than ...

In the scenario presented, three ethical schools are applicable in providing the best solution(s). The three ethical schools include consequentialist theory, deontological theory and virtue theory. Consequentialist/utilitarian school of thought considers the end of an action, deontological school of thought considers the motive of an action, and virtue theory considers whether the action conforms to what is right.

Coming back to the scenario in question, the decision made by the court has the full backing of ethics. This is because the virtue theory, for instance, evaluates the kind of life an individual wants to live before determining the ...

Question 1. Identify the four specific categories of computer crimes. Provide an example for each category and explain the influence on society and criminal justice operations that the crime has under each category.

According to Carter (1995), there are 4 general types of computer crimes. First is computer as target. In this category of crime, the computer is the target and types of offenses under this category include theft of intellectual property. Other crimes falling under this category include theft of market information, unlawful access of government records and trespass. This crime has a great influence on society and criminal ...

The media affect my perception of the social problems faced by societies in America. Some of these problems include crime, violence, and immorality. The media are often focused on their quantity of coverage, so much that they undermine individuality and aspects of rich culture. Media representations of the social problems in America promote disapproval of the society. This is because they encourage excessive consumerism at the expense of core societal values. The negative depictions of the media, thus, create an impression of an unconstructive society, hence increasing the social problems.

Illegal immigrants are helpful to the United States because ...

Introduction

Ever since the police and related agencies within states and the Federal Government initiated mechanisms for keeping data on crime, it has become easier to deduce the trends in criminal behavior and hence channel resources as duly required in combating such crimes. From statistical data gathered over a period of time; state machineries are able to restructure their strategies so that they better adapt to the changing face of criminality. The government can also rely on such data to initiate discussions that may precipitate to policy formulation, drafting of legislations, and development of the necessary institutional framework.

The state of ...

According to the Mayo Clinic (2012), depression is also known as “major depression, major depressive disorder, and clinical depression, and it will affect almost 15 percent of the population at some time in their lives (Turnquist, in Payne, 2011).” It is more than just a sense of being “down;” it is a real, persistent disorder that affects your mood in such a way (i.e. sadness or loss of interest in former activities) that it interferes with your daily life. It is a chronic condition, and it can last for weeks, months, or even years. People who suffer from it ...

Instructors:

Section one

Georges (2012) carried out a research to establish relationship between varieties of religious experiences and manifest hate. In his article which was published in journal of religion and society data was collected in different states of USA. The data on level of religiosity was collected and grouped into three categories i.e. high religiosity, moderate religiosity and low religiosity. In determining whether one belongs to any of the group the researcher considered person’s belief on existence of supernatural being. Then manifest of hate index in each state was calculated. A regression analysis which was carried out showed: moderate strong ...

Social control normally encompasses all the cycles of day to day beliefs that are put in place to prevent people from breaking the law. In simple terms this guidelines do not apply to every group in a community equally and tend to be specific to either gender or age. In this case the emphasis is put on historical control of girls in the society. This paper will seek to give an overview of tradition of abuse and discrimination, look into the ways girls are abused and discriminated and connect this to resultant delinquent behavior. In the same note the institutions ...

Introduction

Increased social problems have led to many cases that need to be addressed by psychologists. For instance, in schools there are increased cases of students’ violence that have caused riots and other social problems in schools. Cases of sexual abuse have also drastically increased in modern society. Cases of rape are reported on a daily basis in the media just as reflection of moral corruption in the society. All these social problems are causing dilemmas among psychologists who are supposed to help in solving these problems. This paper will therefore analyze some of these dilemmas among the psychologists.

Sexually abused child

In dealing ...

- Abstract
For many clinical psychology is a field that holds a lot of promise of wealth and power; you have control over a person’s mind in ways that brain surgeons do not have. My experience with my classmate; Janice, helped me realize my potential to help people especially persons who experience psychological conditions as a result of alcohol and substance abuse, both directly and indirectly. I hope to use my skills to help the youth who often bear the greatest psychological stress from social problems.

- Introduction
As a child I have always cared about others. I would try ...

Community Location

According the population census conducted in 2000, the total population of District 13 is 106, 120. However it has been observed that the population of the region has been on the rise. The people in the district live in different locations. These locations include; the Coney Island the Brighton Beach, Bensonhurst, Gravesend, Bath Beach, Homecrest and the Sea Gate.

The Coney Island is an urban residential neighborhood located in the Southwestern side of Brooklyn in New York City. The Coney Island is around 4 miles long and half a mile wide. The Coney Island creek that ...

Introduction

The social problem in this case will be drug addicts. There are various types of drugs that can be abused such as alcohol, tobacco, heroin, cocaine, marijuana, etc. Such drugs create dependence syndrome on the user if it is used for long periods of time. Therefore, they are meant to be avoided, and young children taught to avoid them and influences that may cause them to take drugs. The drugs alter the body and the mind and the individual starts behaving in an unusual manner. The person usually stops doing all the things that they found joy in as ...

Folkways refers to the standards of manners recognized in the social context but lacks moral implication. These are norms that govern the day to day behaviors followed by the people due to convenience or tradition. The folkways are not associated with the serious consequences when they are broken. The examples of folkways are cultural dress and food habits. For example, poor table manners amount to breaking the folkways but there are no any legal or moral consequence for breaking the folkways relating to table manners.

Mores refers to the stringent norms used in controlling ethical and moral behavior. Mores ...

The concept of drug abuse results from the fact that the alcohol beverage leads to certain social costs and disrupts the required social behavior. The term defines the people who constantly engage themselves in alcohol intake. This term is necessary in the academic field. This is the best term because these people use alcohol excessively. The effects that alcohol has on these people also show that it is abuse. A while ago, people did not recognize the need of dealing with issues involving drug abuse. Of late, people consider drug abusers as people who endanger not only themselves but ...

- What was the topic for your presentation at the BCC Health Fair? (We had the topic for food and nutrition)

a. Was it difficult for you to speak to others to relay information?
Answer – It was not difficult for me to speak to other to relay information as the BCC Health Fair was about something that I am passionate about and have my distinctive views on the subject of health, which I relayed at the fair with ease.
b. What surprised you about the fair, in general?
Answer – One of the attendees demonstrated ...

Interview as a social research method

Introduction

Research plays an integral role in enhancing quality of life and transforming the society. It is defined as a scientific and systematic inquiry that is involves the use of inductive and deductive approaches to examine a social problem. Social scientists understand that research is important because it enables them to describe, predict, explain and solve social problems. As scientists, social scientists employ different research methods to conduct social research and valid their claims empirically. Although research methods differ in many aspects, they can grouped in two main dimensions namely; qualitative design and quantitative design. In quantitative design, a social scientist collects, ...

Drug courts play a vital role in the criminal justice system. The war against drug, which had started some decades back, is one of the causes of the ballooning of prison population in the US. Today, the US has the most populated prison system in the world (Hale et al 2013, p. 517). Drug courts can whittle down prison population and cut down recidivism rates. They add a facet to the criminal justice system – one that does not only judge and incarcerate, but help in restoring a person as a good member of society. The help that drug courts offer, thus, includes ...

Staging of kidney disease in patients involves assigning the stage of the disease based on the level to which the kidney of the patient in question is infected. Chronic kidney disease is defined as either kidney damage or GFR less than 60ml/min//1.73m squared for three months or more. Staging is important because it makes the work of the medical practitioners easy in terms of patient treatment (Hamm, 2010). As a result of staging, medical practitioners are in a better position of knowing the exact patients with the most advanced level of kidney infection with relative ease. This makes it very efficient ...

Introduction

The world, today, is faced with myriad of challenges. Many people have got themselves as victims of violence, whether, domestic or civil (Jackson, 2009). In fact, many people are experiencing hardships and difficulties and are, therefore, in dire need of help and support. Helping such victims requires combined efforts of different agencies and organizations, both public and private. Such agencies are usually staffed with human service workers who ought to work diligently to ensure that the victims they handle get the best services. Notably, human services are of broad in scope just as the problems and needs.

The clients ...

Introduction

Youth drug abuse has become a big problem today. There are reasons why youth use alcohol and drugs and this will be discussed in this paper. This essay will also study if Drug Abuse Resistance Education program is helpful in decreasing alcohol and drug use.

D.A.R.E.

This program is to educate youth about the consequences of alcohol and drugs. It has lessons, activities, and approaches for anger management and physical violence prevention for the youth to concentrate on.

As I see it, boredom and depression are the major reasons why youth use drugs. They are mostly left home alone doing nothing, ...

Prisons were introduced in the 1700s as correctional facilities to punish and mould the behavior of lawbreakers. A prison administrator is an individual charged with the responsibility of maintaining order in a prison. Titles such as superintendent, governor, and warden are used in reference to prison administrators. The most important goals of prison administrators are maintaining control over the prison system, offering care, and managing custody of the inmates (Cornelius, 2010). The achievement of these goals, however, depends on factors that affect the administrators. These factors include the problem of overpopulation in the facilities, issues among inmates, and inadequate budget ...

The client is young and naïve but exhibits concern and value for relationships. We recommend a Multi-Systemic Therapy approach. We recommend drug and alcohol therapy for Alcohol, THC and Marijuana use. She is to go through the complete Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST) on a random basis throughout the period of her counselling sessions, failure to which will leave extension and increase in the number of sessions to the discretion of the examiner.

The client is to go through psychiatric counselling for the duration of the counselling period. For the duration of the psychiatric sessions, psychiatric evaluations will be carried ...

Organized crime integrates established successful principles used by lawful business organizations (Mallory, 2012). Accordingly, they operate like business enterprises only that what they do is illegal. The causative factors for these groups range from ethnicity, race, and political. The common factor however is they are all illegal.

Examples of organized criminal groups based on race or ethnicity in California are the Bloods and the Los Angeles crime family. Both groups are highly centralized with a chain of command. In both, the top brass are rarely seen in public but the group’s presence is felt and seen in public; owing ...

In 1999, the Institute of Medicine conducted a study showing that medical errors contributed to the morbidity rate of hospitalized patients in the U.S. by as many as 44,000 to 98,000 deaths (Woo, Ranji & Salganicoff, 2008). Ranking as 5th to 8th among the major causes of deaths in the country, medical errors surpassed the numbers caused by motor vehicle accidents, breast cancer and AIDS at that time. The IOM study caused a snowballing of further research and policy making with regard to medical error reduction. More than a decade later, preventable medical errors persist. One such case involved the ...

I will first explain to them the basics of nutrition including the definition of the term, the classes of nutrients, concepts related to intake such as DRI, RDA, UI, AL and EAR. This will be followed by an introduction to macro and micro nutrients. Nutrients are regarded as part of treatment in health care settings. For example, postsurgical and burn patients are recommended diets high in protein to aid anabolic processes in wound healing and tissue regeneration. Oral or parenteral iron is given to patients in severe anemia. Therefore, their use is regulated by clinical guidelines to reduce the ...