Drugs Course Works Samples For Students

- What happened to instigate this court procedure?

The Compassionate Use Act was introduced in the jurisdiction of California in 1996. It contains provisions on the legalization and authorisation of the use of marijuana for medical purposes. The federal Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), however, seized the marijuana which was in possession of the respondents (Angel Reich, Diane Morson and others) on grounds that, although legalized under the laws of California, it was in a violation of the Controlled Substances Act (CSA), which is part of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970. Initially, the District Court ...

The research that I am going to undertake attempts to make a study about the issues that are likely to take birth in the families where there is a drug abuse. This study will make a comparative study between the families where there is high drug usage and the family with no drug abuse. So, the ultimate objective of this research is to find the relationship between the abuse of the substance and its impact in the family development.
The variables that are dependent on others to derive their meaning or value are called dependent variables while the variables, which are ...

About the assurance on the benefits of some pharmaceutical companies discussed, I believed that it would be improper to generalize that all pharmaceutical companies’ only intention is to make money; some companies are pursuing science and health. For example, the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law or PAL is applicable to the medical devices and drugs. Specifically, it measures geared toward medical devices. One of the goals of the PAL reform effort is to build up distinct regulations for medical devices as opposed to the rules that are currently applied to the devices and pharmaceuticals.
...

1. A t-test would be of help in comparing the two different groups' blood pressure average before and after being subjected to the drug. The difference will be meaningful and real if:

The responses are constantly close enough to the average value with a low standard deviation from the mean value.
The differences between the averages are large.

The t test effect size and the t test statistical significance are the two primary outputs of the t test. Statistical significance helps indicate whether the difference existing between sample averages represents actual differences between my populations (my two group ...

Report on Cocaine Haul Intercepted Along Java Road

This report was written by Agent Horowitz when he intercepted a haul of 100 kilos of cocaine. At 12:20 p.m. on November 18, 2013, I, Agent Horowitz, while on normal patrol along Java Road in New York State, intercepted 100 kilos of cocaine and also apprehended the suspect, Mr Alex Rosamilla (DOB O6/12/1986) who was transporting the haul. I took him to New York State custody but owing to the nature of his crime, I transferred him to federal custody (Barnas, 2013, p.84). I called Supervisor Agent Fallon and briefed him on the arrest. I informed him that I was ...

This assignment will involve learning more about methamphetamine,which is drug we hear about very often on the news. In one page, summarize some of the information that you read on this site and include any parts that surprised you or that you found particularly interesting. Submit your summary below via the upload option (5 points). Please go to the following two sites instead for this assignment. The first link provides a brief history of this drug. The second link provides other general, overview information about this drug. http://healthvermont.gov/adap/meth/brief_history.aspx, http://www.nmtf.us/methamphetamine/methamphetamine.htm

Methamphetamine, a.k.a., speed, ice, meth, crystal, and crank, is a synthetic ...

Question 1

President Clinton made a strategic miscalculation in health reforms and at the end experienced disappointments. The republicans, moderate democrats, the American Medical Association and the Health Insurance Association of America backtracked from a policy that they had agreed to support (Clinton & Clinton, 1993). The health reform suggested for implementation of universal care coverage that failed terribly remained a dream that never came true. Clinton failed to consider the matters of interest groups as he made a blunder of becoming a partisan in the health reform. The president planned to empower his leadership by public opinions and tried to play the politics of health, which ...

Introduction

Aims of pre-clinical studies
Main stages in clinical drug development and challenges from Phase I to Phase IV
Conclusion
- Minimum required contents of a clinical trial protocol.
Introduction

This document contains information related to aims of pre-clinical studies. A brief outline of the main stages in clinical drug development and challenges emerging from it will also be addressed. This would be done by highlighting developments occurring from phases I through IV. An exploration into the minimum required contents of a clinical trial protocol will also be embraced.
Aims of pre-clinical studies

Pre-clinical trials ...

Known as the second deadliest disease in the world, tuberculosis remains a high rated disease with remarkable fatal rates. As earlier stated it is caused by a small aerobic, non motile bacterium known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis which in most cases lives in the lungs. This pathogen has a high lipid content, which confers to its unique characteristics.
Tuberculosis is a worldwide disease that can be contacted by anybody so long as they are in contact with this bacterium. However, there is a population which is at risk of contacting this disease known as the target population. The target population is associated with risk ...

The U.S. Mexican Border

The U.S shares a 1,954-mile border with Mexico, of which 1.200 miles belongs to the state o f Texas. The U.S.-Mexico border is very porous with much illegal traffic of would be immigrants, liquor and drugs. The U.S.-Mexico border has the highest legal traffic of any international border in the world with about 5 million vehicles crossing it annually. Illegal immigration and the menace of drug cartels pose an immense threat to U.S. national security. It is the task of the U.S. Border Patrol keep the border secure and prevent illegal traffic from entering the ...

HIV/AIDS has been a menace in the last two decades. Multiple lives have been lost and children left as orphans due to these diseases. One of the major causes for increased transmission of sexually transmitted diseases is unsafe sex. Young couples, especially those that are not committed in their relationships, ought to make sure that they use condoms to prevent transmission of STI’s. One of the alternatives for doing so is through the distribution of condoms to public schools, especially colleges and universities. Young people with access to condoms are more likely to use protection while having sex than ...

Introduction

Drug abuse is major problem across the globe. The US has a big multicultural population, flexible immigration laws, liberalism, and lies in major drug transit route. These issues have made the US a big target for drug production, trade, and consumption (Hakim, 4). The federal government initiated laws and agencies to fight drug use and trade. However, dynamics in the trade, human rights issues, scientific research, economic constraints, shifting international relations, and several other policy issues have compelled the government to rethink its stand on policies regarding drugs in the country.

Major policy issues in drug Use in US

The main policy issues in the US drug policies are ...

Introduction

The social problem in this case will be drug addicts. There are various types of drugs that can be abused such as alcohol, tobacco, heroin, cocaine, marijuana, etc. Such drugs create dependence syndrome on the user if it is used for long periods of time. Therefore, they are meant to be avoided, and young children taught to avoid them and influences that may cause them to take drugs. The drugs alter the body and the mind and the individual starts behaving in an unusual manner. The person usually stops doing all the things that they found joy in as ...

Folkways refers to the standards of manners recognized in the social context but lacks moral implication. These are norms that govern the day to day behaviors followed by the people due to convenience or tradition. The folkways are not associated with the serious consequences when they are broken. The examples of folkways are cultural dress and food habits. For example, poor table manners amount to breaking the folkways but there are no any legal or moral consequence for breaking the folkways relating to table manners.

Mores refers to the stringent norms used in controlling ethical and moral behavior. Mores ...

The conversation and series of treatments administered to Addie from 8:06 to 10:00 underscore the significance of the Gram negative bacteria which are encapsulated with an impermeable lipid bilayer, which confers upon them the ability to exclude and combat the effect of a wide range of antibiotics. This part of the video aptly depicts how the nasty bacterium Stenotrophomonas develops multi-drug resistance through acquisition of certain resistance genes.

The images in the clipping 16:45 to 16:55 accurately illustrate the horizontal gene transfer mechanism of antibiotic resistance of bacteria containing NDM-1 gene that encodes the enzyme metallo-beta-lactamase, which can degrade the ...

There are signs that are exhibited by persons indulging in drug abuse which would appear to be cross cutting amongst various drugs. However, there are certain specific warning signs that are portrayed by different drugs to the users. This is because these drugs have different components which produce different sensations to the individuals. Thus, individuals would display different warning signs of drug abuse depending on the type of drug that they are consuming. Some of these specific signs of drug abuse have been identified for different drugs that are taken by individuals. To begin with, some of the warning ...

The Brain is the most mysterious organ in the human body. Even the slightest change in its functional anatomy and physiology results in serious manifestations. The statistics clearly shows that almost 25 million people suffer from dementia worldwide (Ballard et al., 2011). Dementia has many forms out of which Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form. This is one of the most serious and progressive diseases affecting the human brain. Mostly, it is found in people of age over 65 years.

The population affected in this disease includes persons above the age of 65 years (5% to 15%). ...

Externality is when one agent’s actions directly affect another agent at the same time not altering the price of the good or service. Two types of externalities are known, negative and positive externality. Negative externality is the case when one agent’s actions cause the second agent to lose welfare, and the second agent is not compensated for that. The opposite takes place with positive externalities. When one agent’s actions cause the second agent’s welfare to increase, and if he/she is not compensated for that, then it is known to be a positive externality.

One example of ...

Cocaine is listed as the drug with high potential of being abused. The use of cocaine leads to serious physical and psychological dependence (DEA Drug Enforcement Administration, 2014). This drug is highly considered dangerous and illegal. Cocaine can be injected, snorted and smoked by the abusers. Therefore, the paper will evaluate both mental and physical consequences of the cocaine.

The drug has a potent central nervous system stimulant, which can influence the production of dopamine in the brain. This is so because the cocaine affects absorption of dopamine, a brain chemical linked with production of a euphoric effect, pressure and movement. Therefore, ...

The two companies in the case study present a clear situation where the False Claim Act is applicable. Indeed, it should, however, be noted that the issues emanating are far beyond the False Claim and border on even greater criminal offenses such as murder, causing grievous bodily harm and torts like negligence and strict liability. However, for purposes of this paper, the discussion shall be limited to the application of the False Claim Act, otherwise, known as the Lincoln Law. In the ensuing discussion, the paper shall capture the application of the Act, the mistakes committed by both companies, the ...

The concept of drug abuse results from the fact that the alcohol beverage leads to certain social costs and disrupts the required social behavior. The term defines the people who constantly engage themselves in alcohol intake. This term is necessary in the academic field. This is the best term because these people use alcohol excessively. The effects that alcohol has on these people also show that it is abuse. A while ago, people did not recognize the need of dealing with issues involving drug abuse. Of late, people consider drug abusers as people who endanger not only themselves but ...

The ecological models were developed to further the understanding of the interrelations between various personal and environmental factors. The models bridge the gap between behavioral and anthological theories. The model's ultimate goal is the prevention of the occurrence of violence by having a clear understanding of the factors that influence violence. The four-level model helps in understanding various forms of violence and the potential strategies that can be used in the prevention. The model considers the interplay between the community, society, individuals and social relationships.

Through the model, it is possible to address the reasons why people get into ...

- What was the topic for your presentation at the BCC Health Fair? (We had the topic for food and nutrition)

a. Was it difficult for you to speak to others to relay information?
Answer – It was not difficult for me to speak to other to relay information as the BCC Health Fair was about something that I am passionate about and have my distinctive views on the subject of health, which I relayed at the fair with ease.
b. What surprised you about the fair, in general?
Answer – One of the attendees demonstrated ...

- What was the first name of the documentarian’s African-American caregiver?

- Since 1971 how much was the War on Drugs reported to cost? You will see this answer written so you don’t have to listen for it.

Over $1 Trillion Dollars

- There is a small-town cop in the documentary who is on the look-out for drug traffickers. There is a scene where he sees a vehicle and he suspects that the person inside may be a drug trafficker. When asked why he thinks the person may be a trafficker, he responds “the truck and fast food”
- Opium wasn’t considered criminal until ...

I think marijuana use is one of the biggest drug problems facing college students today. It is easy to obtain and does not have the stigma of other drugs such as cocaine, crack or methamphetamines. Students smoke marijuana for different reasons, and it is some of these reasons that need to be identified and analyzed. Some may think it is cool to smoke marijuana and some may do it because of peer pressure and their desire to fit in with the crowd. This drug has become socially acceptable in society, which has led to the increase of its use. ...

Three harmful causes of alcoholism in the US

Alcohol abuse is a rampant condition in the US. Social scientists through normative perspective attempts to find the relation between alcohol users and friends and how social ties or alienation affects one alcohol usage. Overdependence in alcohol is what is referred to as harmful consumption. Some of the harmful causes of alcohol consumption in US include; feeling of dependency, individual’s social environment, psychoanalytical theory and genetic factors

Feeling of dependency explains alcoholism as roots that develop from childhood and over the years they get deeper and deeper. Pessimism and inferiority creates anxiety in an individual. If the feeling continue ...

Drug courts play a vital role in the criminal justice system. The war against drug, which had started some decades back, is one of the causes of the ballooning of prison population in the US. Today, the US has the most populated prison system in the world (Hale et al 2013, p. 517). Drug courts can whittle down prison population and cut down recidivism rates. They add a facet to the criminal justice system – one that does not only judge and incarcerate, but help in restoring a person as a good member of society. The help that drug courts offer, thus, includes ...

Substance abuse is one of the key factors having a negative impact on pregnancy outcomes. The illicit drug use in women of reproductive age increases year by year in many countries, and the use of drugs, along with misuse of prescriptive drugs such as antidepressants and pain killers during pregnancy is common. Nicotine and alcohol which are the major risk factors for the fetal development itself are often used in combination with other drugs. Many women under special treatment report “polydrug usage” (Whittaker, 2003), a substance abuse can be accompanied by poverty, psychological distress and victimization. According to study by ...

The new drug for hepatitis C treatment comprises a combination of both Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir which are both novel direct-acting antiviral agents.1These agents possess great potency against the hepatitis C virus.2The high cost of the new hepatitis C can be justified with several reasons. Both Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir may be administered as single tablets which may have or lack ribavirin and are to be taken once per day for a duration of 8, 12, or even 24 weeks.3 A justification for the high price of up to $1000 per pill, and $84,000 for a therapeutic duration of 12 weeks with sofosbuvir ...

In the scenario presented, three ethical schools are applicable in providing the best solution(s). The three ethical schools include consequentialist theory, deontological theory and virtue theory. Consequentialist/utilitarian school of thought considers the end of an action, deontological school of thought considers the motive of an action, and virtue theory considers whether the action conforms to what is right.

Coming back to the scenario in question, the decision made by the court has the full backing of ethics. This is because the virtue theory, for instance, evaluates the kind of life an individual wants to live before determining the ...

Q1. The imprisonment of ten percent of Black American parents has huge social implications on the affected families and the Black community in United States of America.

It leads to loss of income and make it difficult for the remaining Black American parent to raise his or her children. The loss of income is responsible for high poverty level among the affected families. For children from single parent, the imprisonment leads to poor parenting because of the changes in caregivers. The affected children can acquire deviant behavior if he or she identifies with the parent. Consequently, the imprisonment of parents elevates the chances that a black child shall develop antisocial behavior. Indeed, some studies have shown that the affected children are more likely to experience negative outcome ...

The world has been facing numerous outbreaks of diseases in the recent past. The most pressing outbreak posing a threat to the world now is Ebola. The Ebola virus first emerged in Zaire and Sudan in 1976. It’s from this region that the name Ebola came to be. Ebola a river found in Zaire where the virus was detected. In that year, it infected about two hundred and eighty-four people. The mortality rate was 53%. Later in the same year, about three hundred and eighteen people were infected with a mortality rate of 88% in Zaire. In 1989, imported monkeys from ...

Pharmacology refers to the study of the functions of drugs and the effects on living systems. The main basic principles of pharmacology include pharmaceutics, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacotherapeutics and pharmacognosy. All these principles are related to nursing because it provides clinicians with the essential pharmacology information they require in order to administer drugs effectively and safely. It also promotes clinical reasoning related to nursing pharmacology.

Pharmaceutics is the study of how various drugs influence pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics activities. The second is pharmacokinetic, which is the study of what the body react to the drug that is absorption, distribution, metabolism and ...

Human Behavior

1.
Sheila´s challenges during her experience at the university were attributed to jean Paget’s theory of assimilation or accommodation. Sheila was challenged in college with regards to attaining equilibrium due to her inability of being able to assimilate new experiences within the realm of her existing schemata. Sheila was from a rural environment and was used to making friends at a much slower pace. She had challenges adjusting to her new environment. Sheila’s dyslexia also was one of the driving forces behind her behavior. She did not have the schemata required for adaptation for information processing due ...

- What is Lipinski’s Rule of Five and why is it important to drug design?

Lipinski's rule of five is popular as the Rule of five (RO5) or Pfizer's rule of five. It is a standing rule that evaluates drug likeness in determining whether chemical compounds that have certain biological or pharmacological activities have properties that make it a probable orally active drug for human consumption. This rule is on observing that many medication drugs have lipophilic molecules (Anastas 56). This means that the rule is applicable in drug discovery when lead structures that are pharmacologically active optimized. This increases the activity and compound selectivity insuring proper maintenance of drug-like physicochemical properties as illustrated ...

Staging of kidney disease in patients involves assigning the stage of the disease based on the level to which the kidney of the patient in question is infected. Chronic kidney disease is defined as either kidney damage or GFR less than 60ml/min//1.73m squared for three months or more. Staging is important because it makes the work of the medical practitioners easy in terms of patient treatment (Hamm, 2010). As a result of staging, medical practitioners are in a better position of knowing the exact patients with the most advanced level of kidney infection with relative ease. This makes it very efficient ...

1. Hundreds of Americans die every day because of drug abuse and overdose. Deaths due to alcohol abuse are even more. The above two abuses have overtaken the causalities caused by illegal drugs. The latest victim of drug abuse was actor Philip Seymour Hoffman who died of drug overdose. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), people misuse prescription drugs when they cannot get cocaine or other banned drugs. Drinking bottles of cough syrups and having painkillers is common to get high or intoxicated. Some doctors find a way out for their patients by over prescribing ...

In any organization the management aims at creating awareness to its employees to help them contribute to the growth of the firm as it strives to achieve its goals. This process is referred to as diversity training which helps change the attitude of the employees. One of the methods used is the utilization of videos and also experimental exercises which have a great influence on the behavior of employees. Secondly is use of programs that emphasize on employee respect and value of all in the organization. Lastly is training on skills of how people should interact with each other while ...

Background information

Domestic violence is a vice that is rooted in the societies and applies in equal proportions to both rich and poor families. In addition, unmarried couples in relationships are also victims of domestic violence. For this reason, the purpose of the prevention group will be to educate participants on the dangers of domestic violence in a bid to prevent the perpetuation of this menace. The target audience for the group will be ten to fifteen couples who are victims of domestic violence, and their diversities will range from married couples to dating couples.

The qualities of a marriage or family counselor are ...

Over the last couple of years a trend has emerged of drug companies in America testing their drugs on people from other countries. The main cause s of this trend has been said to be the consumer protection and liability laws in our country that make it difficult for these companies to try these drugs within the country (Shaw, Barry, 2005). This practice has raised a lot of concerns lately with many saying it is an unethical activity that should stop. According to the food and drug administration of the country, over 80% of the drug applications approved by them in ...

Thoughts for Unethical Conduct in Tuskegee Study

It is the need of the mankind to try and find new ways to treat major diseases. Research and clinical trials are the only way to successfully achieve the goals of finding the proper cure for diseases. When pharmaceutical companies forget the rights of the subjects of the trial and start treating then as lab rats for their profits, such tragedies takes place in the history. These companies spend billions of dollars to research one drug, and the only thing that they care is about the profit. ‘Tuskegee Trials’ are one black mark on the history of the ...

There is usually a thin line when determining between legal and ethical issues. In marketing, the strategies used are mostly informed by legal and ethical considerations. The same is true when considering product safety and intellectual property. This means that there is a close relationship between law and ethics; however, it is the existence of the law that makes ethical values enforceable. In general, therefore, ethics are those values or rules of conduct that are created so as to guide a particular group of people while legality is something that pertains to the law. Ethics, in other words, should be contemplated within ...

1. How do we measure the prevalence of drug use in the UK?

The prevalence of drug use in the United Kingdom is measured by surveys conducted amongst the youths of secondary schools years 7-11. The NHS Information Centre in the UK conducts this survey. The survey is done anonymously amongst the schools all across the UK. General household surveys are also conducted. However this is not always an accurate description of drug use due to the fact that most people may not be entirely truthful on a survey or are missed completely because they are not in conventional housing units, thereby not being included in the survey at all.

There are also a ...

In a world where winning in sports is gradually becoming a do-or-die affair, the problem of illegal use of performance enhancing drugs and other substances is bound to continue if not checked on time. Year in, year out, the number of sportsmen and women who use these substances have been on the increase, and the major drive behind this is the competitive advantage that the illegal use of these substances bring. So far, many prominent athletes such as Marion Lewis, Lance Armstrong, etc. have been suspended due to this habit. The question now remains, is there a way to stop this abuse ...

This paper reviews an article titled ‘States –level Estimates of the Economic Costs of Alcohol and Drug Abuse’ authored by Thomas Wickizer. The study was published in the thirty ninth volume of the Journal of Health Science 2013. It contains the findings of an investigation done to estimate the cost of alcohol and drug abuse in Washington State in the year 2005. The study employed the Cost of Illness (COI) to estimate the economic cost of alcohol and drug abuse in Washington. Both the direct costs associated with payment made for medication and indirect costs which include ...

Drug courts are courts that oversee the reformation and rehabilitation of non-violent drug offenders (Cole & Gertz, 2012). Under these courts all stakeholders of the criminal justice system work in tandem to ensure that those going through the program are reformed and rehabilitated. The drug courts supervise the treatment program especially through regular review of the offender to ascertain the progress made. The court normally rewards the offender where there is positive progress, and imposes sanctions where the offender has regressed or violated any of the conditions that had been imposed. There are drug courts for adults, juveniles, and ...

When a clinic joins a management care organization, there are several benefits and effects that the organization undergoes. The main aim of a clinic joining a MCO is to ensure proper staffing, find a balance in its financial stability and to be able to effectively manage its patient volumes. According to Burns (2008), managed care organizations have programs that ensures patient outcomes are achieved through the provision of affordable, appropriate and extensive coverage of accessible benefits of prescription drugs. Clinics are thus able to choose from the numerous plans and programs to reduce their costs and be able to choose the best remuneration for ...

First case:

A cath surgery is to be performed in both left and right side of the heart due to the patient’s shortness of breathing.

- First a wire will be placed inside the heart to determine the amount of oxygen there are leaks in the valves.
- Water will then be injected and connect it with a thermostat in the atrium and pulmonary to determine the temperature inside the body.
- The procedure begins at the left coronary side
- The next step is to block the femoral in order to stop the blood circulation in the left ...

Question 1

Biosocial criminology cannot lead to oppressive and inhumane crime-control policies since it combines information across various fields of study in order to create cohesive perspective to study the relationship of crime and criminals (Beaver and Walsh, 2011). This means that by studying how the genetic influences play a major role in the formation of the anti-social behavior, can lead to effective crime control policies to deter crimes in the future. Several behavioral genetic studies of antisocial behaviours have shown how the study of mild forms of aggression can lead to deviant forms of criminal behavior of a person. It is the ...

Translational medicine involves the application of pharmacology tools, in vivo assays, biomarkers, pre-clinical and clinical methods and studies integrated to improve understanding of various disease states and advancement and approval of therapy against diseases. The development of a new drug is a cumbersome and expensive process. It involves a series of steps. The traditional method of drug development involves understanding the pathophysiology of the disease, followed by identification and validation of a treatable drug target. The next step involves identification of lead molecule or compound or an antibody specific for the target protein. The preclinical toxicology involves in vitro, in vivo assessment and ...

Man throughout the ages has been involved in various activities in order to satisfy many wants that surround his life. These activities in some instances do not go well resulting in too much thinking. The deep thinking leads to stress which over time can lead to distress. Due to the distress, many people turn into abusing of drugs such as marijuana and alcohol, which end up damaging their brains. With intervention of medical experts, victims of drug abuse have been treated and put under medical programs to help them heal their brains. However, in some cases these patients find ...

There are many types of legal drugs available that Americans use on a daily basis. These drugs can include alcohol, tobacco, and OTC products, which many people might not even consider or see them as actual drugs. Our society does indeed promote extensive drug use – you can’t simply watch a TV show anymore without seeing commercials for allergy medicine, cold medicine, beers and/or liquor products. These products are highly advertised to make people believe that they should be used without hesitation.

There are three theories that explain drug use – the biological, psychological and sociological theories. In terms of ...

Chapter 5 concerns the physiological mechanisms of regulation. The behavior of an individual is largely determined by his physical state of being. Researchers have found that one’s mood, and consequently the choices one makes, may be affected by his or her state of physical being. Proper diet results in a healthy individual who can make rational decisions. When one is lacking in physical maintenance he or she may be uncharacteristically angry and unfriendly. Such behavior is a consequence of the deprivation of basic needs. Psychological disorders such obesity are largely determined by one’s eating patterns. Furthermore, such disorders may ...

Every private organization in the United States of America funds needles exchange programs. Such programs provide addicted with sterile needles. On one hand, such programs help lower risk of transmitting HIV or other blood borne disease from one addict to the other. On the other hand, many citizens claim that such programs do not help reducing the amount of addicted. I would like to point out advantages and disadvantages of such programs so you can decide whether to support this program or not.

Some addicts are willing to stop taking drugs, however, they do not know how to do ...

In regard to President Reagan’s statement on the criminalization of drugs, I find the following instances fallacious; He goes on state that, all youths are under the influence of drug abuse. In the opinion of these ensuing events, he failed to acknowledge the fact that, society is never uniform. His statement is, therefore, not logically conclusive. It is vague in the most of its positions.

On the same note, he failed to highlight whether the issue was affecting only the male or all categories of youths. Similarly, President Reagan just mentioned statistics of drug abuse among Americans without ...

Social Problems of the Modern World: A Reader War and Global Crime

Though war and militarism have a correlation, it is worth noting that there is a difference between the two and a significant one at that. War is a conflict between large-scale groups or states and involves physical force and the organized use of weapons. Furthermore, war(s) can be said to be a series of campaigns between two opposing sides which are brought about by disputes over various subjects (religion, territory, resources and ideology). On the other hand, militarism is desire or belief of a government or a particular group of people that the country should maintain strong military capability and use it if necessary to promote ...

Intervention Levels:

An integrated approach for Control of Malaria in Africa.

This intervention program highlights components of the multilateral approach to controlling malaria. It is aimed at drawing attention to healthcare providers and policy makers in Africa where the disease has resulted to devastating effects. This health program is a good approach of fighting malaria that has thrived in Africa. Major obstacles curtailing the fight against malaria and measures to help combat it are well articulated.

Major obstacles curtailing the fight against malaria are resistance of parasites to clinically useful drugs and the speedy development and spread of vector resistance to residual ...

Introduction

Ever since the police and related agencies within states and the Federal Government initiated mechanisms for keeping data on crime, it has become easier to deduce the trends in criminal behavior and hence channel resources as duly required in combating such crimes. From statistical data gathered over a period of time; state machineries are able to restructure their strategies so that they better adapt to the changing face of criminality. The government can also rely on such data to initiate discussions that may precipitate to policy formulation, drafting of legislations, and development of the necessary institutional framework.

The state of ...

Barrett`s esophagus is a complication of the gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD). In Barrett`s esophagus, the tube that conveys food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach changes to a tissue that resembles the lining of the intestine. Barrett`s esophagus does not have any specific symptoms but the patients show symptoms related to GERD (Tilanus & Attwood, 2001). People that have this disease are at a higher risk of getting cancer termed as esophageal adenocarcinoma.

Causes

The exact cause of Barrett`s esophagus is not known but gastro esophageal reflux disease poses as a risk factor for this condition. The refluxed ...

Weeks v. United States (1914), was a Supreme Court petition appeal for which Weeks had been convicted. The Court solidly agreed that a warrantless confiscation of property from a personal place of residence constitutes a breach of the Fourth Amendment. The case led to prevention of evidence securing in the federal exclusion rule by police officers who later gave it to the federal officers

Silverthorne Lumber v. U.S. (1920). Here, the question was to allow or not to allow products of illegal evidence in court, which would allow police to dodge the Fourth Amendment. It was held that the evidence was not admissible ...