Colony Critical Thinkings Samples For Students

The colonial Brazil may only be regarded as a period of 14th-17th century. Geographically, Brazil occupies almost a half of the entire South America. During the colonial period, various geographical products acted as an obstacle to unity. The principle Sugarloaf Mountain ranges especially in the city of Rio de Janeiro acted as some of the greatest shields (Wadsworth 19). The continental basement rocks acted as major towering domes and columns during the period. Brazil being a nation surrounded with Pacific Ocean, the colonizers never had enough voyages to help them navigate through (Marina de Mello 181). The nation being the world`s ...

The Columbian Exchange, coined by Alfred Crosby in 1986, refers to the massive movement from the Old World to the New World and back, of crops, animals, and diseases after the discovery of the New World by Christopher Columbus in 1492 (Grennes 2007, p. 91). The meeting of the Old and the New World drastically changed the fortunes not only of the natives inhabiting the newly discovered continents, but also of the European settlers and Europe as a whole. New species of animals were introduced to the Americas that helped in farming and transportation. On the other hand, new species ...

Humans, as the creation myth suggests, are co-creators who were made to impact nature by modifying it through their activities. This is depicted in the material culture that rests in national parks, museums and other reservoirs of cultural heritage. As people live in an area, rather than simply making do with the conditions of the place and what it supplies to them, they adapt to it by producing new forms of material culture through technology that eventually makes the place change. This shows how humans are more than just consumers of nature who preserve and perpetuate its conditions, but ...

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An increase in population and wealth led to the creation of governments and in turn saw to the rise of powerful empires. Said empires have since been recorded among the most influential domains in the history of the world. Consequently, as one empire rose to power another fell in the hands of their enemies thus creating a form of competition amongst neighboring domains. For instance, Greece was a colony of the Ottoman Empire until the Greek War of Independence that lasted between 1821 and 1831 (Masters and Agoston, 2009, p. 240). Therefore, the empires rose to power depending ...

Slave trade existed in the colonial days. Its origin was because of the shortage of labor. The first people to be slave were Aboriginals but they were not many. They had incentives like free access to land and indentured servitude. The demand for labor increased forced the Europeans to turn to West Africa. The Europeans exchanged the slaves for manufactured goods. This continued and it became a trade. The trade occurred in open markets. The markets opened daily and sometimes weekly. The black people were the slaves. Anybody in the North who could afford to buy slaves had cheap labor. ...

Beginning with comparisons, we realise that both journals are a collection of articles that touch on politics and how culture has shaped democracy in various nations. When it comes to defining the milestones that colonial rule has moved from, the journals touch on feminism. This is most probably because of the fact that women are the main beneficiaries of colonial deliverance. They have always been a perfect example of how much fruit was yielded by those who fought for independence. The journals touch on critical areas where the events of civil wars and industrial revolution exposed the strength of women (Manalansan ...

Thailand stands as the only nation in the South East Asia that withstood the colonial pressure. Throughout the colonial struggle and partition of territories, Thailand kingdom remained independent. It maintained a political and territory sovereignty that helped it survive the colonial era. However, this kingdom retained several non-Western and pre-capitalist aspects of economic, political and social organizations thus giving it a very complex development set up. Prior to the colonial era, the Thai kingdom experienced a period of impressive economic development coupled by territory expansion.
Political and social sovereignty are very important ingredients for economic development of any country. Lack of ...

Definition of gambling

The term gambling involves the act of wagering/betting of either valuable assets or money with the anticipation that the uncertain outcomes will enable the wager to continue winning more valuable items. Gambling involves two or more parties who voluntarily bet their valuable assets; commonly referred as skates, with the anticipation that one party will emerge the win. In most instances, gambling may take many hours, but the outcome of wager is realized after a short period.
The term gambling is often confused with gamming, despite both terms having different contextual meanings. The word gamming is used when the government ...

History vs Archeology

- History is supposed to be a written account of what happened before, but there is no way to determined if all that was already written is the only “history” that we have or if these are all true because it presents no actual evidences. This is when archeology comes or plays its part. It tries to confirm what historians have written and along the way they may discover artifacts which historians didn’t write about that could be added to the written history. History and archeology are two separate fields but they must complement each other so there should ...

Compare and Contrast On IPS Papers

All the four papers Takahashi-miPS, Takahashi-hiPS, Park-hiPS and Yu-hiPS respectively induced the four genes (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and MYC) and reprogramming the differentiated somatic cells to produce IPS pluripotency cells. In the first paper, the authors found a combination of factors to make the IPS cells. The authors selected the 24 genes for factors that induce pluripotency in somatic cells. Afterwards, all the 24 genes were inserted into the mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEFs) by using retroviral transduction. The cells were cultured on STO feeder cells in ES cell medium containing G418. The authors obtained 24 colonies, and then the authors ...

- In an essay, explain the process of global decolonization starting with India in 1947. Discuss whether the great colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, Portugal, and the Netherlands "gave" freedom to their colonial subjects - in this regard think of contrasting "struggles" like the French in Indochina and the British in West Africa. Describe the temporary approaches of the British and French to keep their colonies tied to them. Finally explain how the United States and the Cold War effected decolonization.
In India, the nonviolent methods of Gandhi like the famous Salt March of 1930 were instrumental in ...

The Anglo Caribbean refers to the former British colonies of the Caribbean region. They are English - speaking countries. The Anglophone Caribbean was colonized by the United Kingdom. Colonialism has left its lasting mark on the Caribbean states in terms of race and social stratification. The Caribbean society is full of class consciousness and struggle is always defined by race. The Caribbean is identified by whites, Blacks and Brown. Beside race, an individual’s social beliefs and cultural associations define classification.

Fifty years after independence hostility still exists between the browns and blacks who were oppressed during colonial times. ...

Colonization is a process in which imperial power systems dominate a region and its components. It features, among other things, cultural domination, political subjugation, religious assimilation and economic exploitations. The colonists used these measures as tools of winning control of the helpless people. Colonization has a close link to massive exploitation and assimilations of new cultures and it further involves actual or threat of use of force. The colonizers were formidable icons and commanded loyalty through aggression. In light of colonialism, established cultures disintegrated. On the case of Britain emperialism,Tarique noted that, “as one of its legacieshas been ...

The American Revolution was not a pure conflict concerning the Americans and the British; it was rather a global conflict. The consequence of this conflict changed the colonial power balance and determined the destiny of the American colonists. The struggle for American independence irritated the most dominant colonial powers of Europe. The colonies’ discontent and the involvement of Europe, all occurred at the end of a period characterized by extreme imperial rivalry. To be specific, the occurrence of the war between the American colonies and Britain was twelve years after the Seven years’ war.

Nature of Colonists Reactions to Britain’s Policies

The American Revolution came by ...

1. According to Thomas Pownall, the fact of escaping from the rule of the British monarch did not entail the actual release from the British reign. Actual functioning of the colonies was possible owing to the financing and legislative regulatory activities of the latter. Parliament was not entitled to enforce any commerce or trade regulations, as well as taxes were exacted for the benefit of the Crown. It is obvious that Thomas Pownall's notion of a sovereign state is founded on the existence of a unified supreme power, judicial system and ruler.
In that line, the most appropriate solution ...

Arguably, attempts by the British to tax American colonialists raised a lot of arguments, expulsion of British rule, war, as well as formation of new nations. Most of these arguments began after the seven years war. British came up with numerous reasons on to why they were justified in taxing American colonists.
The British argued that the need for defense in the British colonies was a major reason why American colonies were taxed. During war, British belief that they used a lot of money in the war, hence they needed to recover the money through taxation (Krista, 72). Perhaps, the entire ...

Question 1

The colonists devised new strategies to support their colonies as well as thwart any rebellions from the poor, regardless of their skills. In an attempt to achieve the goal, they devised various methods to raise funds using dubious means. One of the strategies they used was the Stamp Act. The British colonists imposed the Stamp Act to amass enough funds to repay debts and support their vast colonial territories in America (Taylor, 2002). The Stamp Act was a legislation that imposed a direct tax on printed materials of profitable nature and legal use in British territories. Stamp Act affected ...

Poverty if described as the lack of something can have many dimensions and factors such as economic, political, geographic and cultural. Poverty as a concept is relative and an understanding of poverty changes form one region to another. However, the economic definition of poverty is what has been generally accepted by everyone as it is something that can be measured and dealt with. Academic interest in poverty has also been polarized with development scholars and post-development taking opposing stands on how poverty has come to be defined. Poverty thus has been defined generally as the lack of something whether material ...

The establishment of the modern national education system in Malaysia is one of the major effects of the post-colonial development within the nation (Zohar, 2004). During the British colonial rule in Malaysia, education system could be considered socially and academically narrow since it did not confine multicultural dynamics of the Malaysian society as well as the demographics of the nation. After the colonial period in the 1950s, the education system reform was implemented on the nation and segregated linguistic ethnic streams which comprise their population. The period of the end of the colonial rule in Malaysia also marks the ...

What is the most important thing you learned about the American west?

According to history, the American West has been accumulated by people of all races. However, their relationship has not been easy (Lamar, 1998). One of the major things that can be learned from the American West is that it was a crossroad for many cultures. After Christopher Columbus had discovered Americas, many European nations were able to enter the land. It is also claimed that the European settlers were building their communities based on their ethnicity and religion.
History shows that the first African Americans to move to the West were cowboys, cooks, saloon workers, and farm hands (Deverell, ...

The historical stretch of Korea shows that its people had a hard life. Such hardships resulted in a treaty that made Korea a Japanese protectorate. Japan made all efforts to ensure that Korea is safe and that reconstruction of the administrative system was necessary (Caprio 5). Soon, due to the unstable state of Korea, the citizens had to be part of the Empire of Japan. Thus, in 1905, Korea became a colony of Japan (Caprio 6). The colonial rule of Japan was a source of discrimination and sufferings of Korean people.
Between the two world wars, Koreans who had ...

Introduction

Civil liberties are the freedoms and guarantees that the government cannot limit to an individual, either by law or judicial interpretation. Such civil liberties are; freedom from forced labor and slavery, freedom from torture and death, and so on. Many contemporary states have constitutional documents and bill of rights that function to warrant civil liberties. Some laws have been enacted by different countries using different legal means like ratifying and signing or address some controversial civil liberties. Controversial examples include; reproductive rights, property rights, civil marriage and rights to possess and bear arms.
The formal concept of civil ...

Q1.
Paine uses the term “material injuries” to refer to British exploitation of American resources. According to Paine the Great Britain enriched itself through commercial activities in America. The continent provided both goods and market for trade. Therefore, they had to protect their commercial interest from other competing powers such as France and Spain who also had an interest in American resources. The argument about material injuries has got both merits and weaknesses. The British was exploiting American resources for their own benefits. The exploitation did not benefit the Americans who were the owners of resources and also ...

After the ending most widespread war in the history of mankind - the Second World War, the world entered into the New World Order. With the last shot of this war the European colonial period ended, and began new era –era of the two rival superpowers. Almost immediately after the ending of the war “Iron Curtain” has crossed the continent but not only the continent across the entire world. So let’s analyze to what consequences WWII led and how it impact on positions of all major players in the world. The first major consequence of the Second World ...

In the wake of the height of colonialism and imperialism on the world stage, in which it was socially acceptable for more powerful social and economic powers to control less powerful nations, post-colonialism as an academic discipline has risen. Here, the issues surrounding colonialism and their effects on modern society are investigated in depth, emphasizing the human consequences of these cultural legacies. Through the help of theorists such as Chinua Achebe, Barbara Christian, and Henry Louis Gates, post-colonial criticism seeks to investigate exactly why certain subcultures (usually pertaining to race and gender) have certain connotations attached to them, and ...

Introduction

Who is black hawk? He was a leader and warrior of the Sauk American Indian tribe who are the indigenous occupants of what is now the United States. Although he had inherited an important medicine bundle, he was not an original of the Sauk civil chiefs. He acquired his status as a result of leading war groups at a tender age and also from his leadership from in the Black Hawk War in 1832. During war in 1812 he fought on the British side but later defected and led some Sauk and Fox warriors against European-American settlers in Illinois.

Childhood

He was born ...

Introduction

For this assignment I will be defining the tern Afrocentric. Many people around the world have had a negative connotation in reference to this terminology. However, it is important to look at the structure of our world today. The international system lacks a global police who can be able to regulate the actions of states. This means that the world lacks a central authority that can act as a control of different facets of the world. Nations have used their economic and military might to conquer other nations in order to access the necessary resources as well as fulfill other desired interests. Based ...

In the 1960s, Toronto could be described as an old Victorian city, a silent town (Relph, 2013 pg. 1). Everything from the buildings to the residents’ mannerisms had a British and old-an fashioned aspect. However, there were subtle signs of the transformation that was coming such as new skyscrapers, buildings, and sculptures. Today, Toronto has seen dramatic changes such as patio cafes, condominium towers, tall buildings and bustling pedestrians (Relph, 2013 pg. 3). The British influence is now almost undetectable in the cosmopolitan, multicultural urban region. According to the author, the word city does not adequately describe the extensive ...

Revolution can be regarded as an inevitable part of society’s evolution, whereas following the world’s revolutions one may observe a smooth transition of humanity from the early dawn of civilization to modern progressive and technological face of our planet. It’s necessary to point out that each revolution should be analyzed objectively, without disguising it someone’s favor; otherwise the true historical meaning of the even can be lost. The American Revolution started after Britain applied the seven Coercive (in other words Intolerable) Acts to the colonies, including the closing of the Boston port, and a permission ...

The Anasazi is very interesting settlers. I enjoyed learning about how they adapted to the environment that they settled in. Anasazi people had built homes, and dams in their environment. They hunted food, planted food, and made tools for everyday use. They were smart people who learnt how to utilize the materials they had, making clothes and pottery to use in their life . The Anasazi set the growth of communities and made extraordinary housing inside of caves that were used to extend the growth of their own neighborhoods. Although they had left the homes they built and never returned ...

In the book Ambivalent Conquests, Inga Clendenin uses firsthand accounts to prove her thesis about the New World and the Spanish settlers. Using the point of view of the Europeans, Clendenin writes about the worship of idolatry in the Yucatan. Perhaps the central theme in the book is the while Franciscans had an honest attempt to Christianize the indigenous people of the new world, the missionaries failed this initial experiment because of their corruption, political engagements, and torture as well blatant racism ( Clendenin, p. 165-189). In addition, this is also a story of rejection, conquest, blood bath, and forceful conversion ...

Europe’s history, especially in the colonial and imperial periods created new connections and networks between parts of the world. European expansion starting the in the sixteenth century led to its expansion into the Americas and the concurrent creation of the slave trade of entirely new populations in the imperial periphery. Additionally, in the nineteenth century with the so-called “Scramble for Africa” meant that Europe had new colonies on the continent itself. With the process of decolonization this meant that these populations both from the Americas especially the Caribbean could migrate into the European metropole. This created an African ...

The concept of political development seems to be quite a simple one on its face. Without investigating the role of the state too deeply, it is clear to see that in general, there are distinctions between the developmental levels of states around the world; while poverty exists in every nation, there are some that are much more stricken with the problem than others. In addition, relative levels of poverty within a nation is a scalable phenomenon—that is, levels of poverty and the very meaning of poverty can change across different political landscapes around the world. The conceptualisation of ...

Maryse Conde’s ‘The Tropical Breeze Hotel’ is a pre-colonial play that focuses on the issue of the black body and struggle for power and identity. The Black Body is an issue that has a long history from the pre-colonial period and some authors have addressed the issue using dramatic writing. In the play, Conde unleashes a power struggle between the two characters, Emma, and Ishmael, which reveals a gender-based struggle or grasp for an identity. The author uses the two characters who constantly appear to switch roles as a way of balancing each other’s character. The play ...

[The Course]

The class “Sub-Saharan Africa” covers the most important aspects of the region’s history and its modern state, which include comparison of the economic growth between SSA and other regions of the world, historical factors, which led SSA to its current situation. The class also describes initial post-colonial conditions providing SSA a range of the opportunities at the beginning of 1960s, economic performance factors. Finally, the reasons of not learning Eastern Asian countries lessons are analyzed and the further regional policy proposals are developed.
Though the Sub-Saharan countries had better preliminaries for sustainable development in the early ...

The two authors bring out the effect of drugs on the society; the authors describe a society which was very positive at the initial introduction of the different drugs. At this time little was known about the aftermath drugs.
Iain Gately in his work tells a narrative of a plant that holds a special place in the history of humanity. The plant is presented to the world as a gift, this is evident on the cover page of his book “ a culture history of how an exotic plant seduced civilization.” the crop is the main driving force behind colonization ...

In your view, why did Lu Hsiu-lien and many others in her generation become advocates of "Taiwan independence"?

Taiwan independence is a politically-motivated movement who primary aim is to form an independent and sovereign Republic of Taiwan from the lands that are currently governed by the Republic of China (ROC) (modern-day Taiwan) and claimed to be owned by the People’s Republic of China (PRC, China). It aims at renaming the Republic of China to the Republic of Taiwan and obtaining the status and recognition of a sovereign state internationally.

This movement is divided between two major coalition organizations: Pan-Green Coalition and Pan-Blue Coalition. While Pan-Green is in favor of the objectives of the movement, Pan-Blue seeks to oppose ...

Kindred is a novel written by Octavia Butler with an aim of narrating the agony of today’s black woman. It depicts a true picture of a society that subjects its people to bondage with limited resistance from victims. A major character, Dana, is forced to relocate from California to colonial South in order to provide protection to a man that would later become her ancestor. Her survival remains assured as long as she is able to keep this man alive. In this novel, she is instructed to travel to a Maryland plantation, the home of her ancestor Rufus Weylin. Every time his ancestor ...

- Find an outline an example of one economic policy/practice from any country that fits into the realist perspective of IPE. Don’t all choose the same country

The great example of the economic policy in realist context is Russian gas policy. Currently Russia uses its neighbor Ukraine to deliver gas to Europe, however the emergence of new projects for Russian gas exports to Europe provoked the gas conflict between Russia and Ukraine, which began at the turn of 2005-2006. Then Ukraine created obstacles to the free transit of Russian gas to Europe. Particularly acute gas war was at the turn of 2008-2009. The absence of the Russian-Ukrainian agreements on gas supplies and its conditions of transit interrupted the supply of hydrocarbons from Russia to Europe through ...

Mainly due to taxation without representation, I believe I would have been a Patriot if I had lived during the Pre Revolutionary Era. Freedom from British rule was justified in that the Americans in the time period were not being treated fairly by the British Parliament. While I can understand the viewpoint that the British were originally responsible for colonizing the initial thirteen colonies and are therefore entitled to run the government as they saw fit, including taxing citizens, it is the fact that the citizens were not represented properly in these matters that would have led me to be ...

Introduction

The German nation was relatively young, born in 1871 after more than half a dozen German speaking kingdoms and duchies came together to form the German empire. However the German Reich encountered several problems during its time that eventually led to its collapse. The country not only witnessed serious political problems but social ones as well. Majority of the population was against the authoritarian rule of the monarchy but the handlers of the empire ensured power did not slip out of their hands through whatever means. Several domestic problems faced the country with civil unrest, the threat posed by the ...

Middle East has been on the boil in the recent past due to the rise of ISIS brand of Islamic fundamentalism and the demand for democracy and human rights by people in many Arab countries. The role of America in shaping the Middle East policy has been profound since the decline of UK as the world’s superpower. Being one of the major suppliers of oil and gas to America, Middle East is a place of strategic importance for USA and other western countries. American indirectly controls the Middle East politics by maintaining close ties with the local regimes and ...

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I am of the opinion that the American Revolutionary War was a victory made possible by the responsibility of the colonists. A closer look at the American Revolutionary War would tell that it is for the colonists to win, despite the fact that it posed several disadvantages with regard to engaging in warfare against a very powerful enemy, the British Empire. One must consider that the colonists prior and during the American Revolutionary War relied much on the sheer expanse of the colonies in order to achieve victory over the British Empire. The ...

- Historical Synopsis
The Second World War of 1939- 1945 is classifed by many as the war that redefined the international hierarchy of nations as the war destroyed and weakened once dominant nations while some rose in dominance. Throughout the war, several critical conflicts had redefined the course of the war, and one of them was the Attack in Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. The Attack not only signaled America’s formal inclusion in the war, but highlighted that the war was not just in Europe but also in the Pacific. In a surprise attack, the Japanese Imperial ...

The French Revolution is an essential event in the western history in the 19th century. At first, it proved to be successful but later on it was fruitless. This revolution was one of the events that played a vital role in making France’s history as drastic steps were taken to secure the country’s freedom since it was financially ruined. The French citizens were fighting for equality, fraternity and liberty. The revolution violently changed France from a monarchial state to a modern nation. It turned out to be one of the traumatic events in the human history due to the Reign ...

Abstract

Slavery is a subject of heated discussion and argument and many works are published each year depicting the ethical inconsistencies and the way slaves and slavery paved the way for the history to arrive to this day. The following is an article that analyzes the book “Inhuman Bondage: The Rise and Fall of Slavery in the New World” by David B. Davis on the subject of slavery and the way it created the Americas and the American society.

Inhuman Bondage: Critical Essay

Introduction
Slavery has been the scourge of mankind throughout the ages. Slaves have been the untold structures of not just economies, ...

CRITICAL THINKING

Diversity of cultures: different lifestyles and customs by different people. Ethnic backgrounds or cultural beliefs tend to influence them wherever they go or professions they pursue. Acceptance of their ethnicity allows them to incorporate it into their professions and be more aware of cultural influence around them socially, politically and economically. Amongst cultures that are not well understood, they tend to face discrimination and derogating inquisitive conversations about their ethnicity. This results in feelings of being misunderstood as posited by Gomez-Pena (1996) and constantly seeking for their roots and ethnic identity. A deeper sense of searching for particular ethnic ...

The growth of the American urban centers dates back to the colonial period. Urban cultures have emerged since the early nineteenth Century to the modern cities. Boston was among the first cities to develop, from its trading advantage over other cities such as New York and Philadelphia. The three distinct periods in the history of the development of American cities are the provincial, commercial, and industrial periods. ‘The first was a provincial period, which lasted from the foundation of Manhattan down to the opening up of ocean commerce after the War of 1812, This was followed by a commercial period, which ...

INTERSECTIONALITY

Intersectionality is the meeting place, and overlapping space among different disenfranchised groups. More specifically, it is the study of these interactions as they apply to each other, to the society as a whole and the effects of these multiple systems of discrimination and oppression. It is also the methodology used in study of the relationships and subjects. Some individuals are members of more than one disenfranchised minority. Various groups that may or may not share members are nonetheless subject to the same forms of discrimination. The theory of Intersectionality seeks to examine how these various biological, cultural and social categories ...

Rabbit Proof Fence, a film that moves the souls of human beings is a real life heartbreaking story of three little girls set in the 1930’s that shows how the aborigine children were taken against their will from Jigalong and made to work for white families as servants or maids. Rabbit-Proof Fence provides a fundamental illustration of Australian aboriginal children and women as victims, and the government viewing them as passive with no individuality or culture. The concept of empowerment in culture is well defined by Banet-Weiser (Reading Popular Culture through Feminism, May 28 2013) where they argue that the emphasis ...

Introduction

The revolutionary war was basically an independence war in the United States. The war was between the thirteen colonies and Great Britain where it grew gradually into the world war. This war was between Britain, the United States, France, Spain and countries like Netherlands. The result of this war was the recognition of the European recognition of independence of US as well as the American victory.
The revolution war resulted from the American Revolution. The British based their concentration on taxation of the colonies in order to get the finances to facilitate the war .This became very expensive ...

Eric Shinseki with the proposal:

How to low costs in the veteran apartment

INTRODUCTION

PROBLEMS:
AMERICAN HEATH CARE SYSTEM
VA ISSUES
COSTS
CONCLUSION
It is well known that the U.S. has the most extensive help system for veterans in the world. This system exists from 1636th, when the Pilgrims Plymouth Colony was at war with the Indians Pekuot. Then was the first time when was mentioned that a soldier who is injured must receive help from the colony. 1776th, on the Continental Congress was the first time when was mentioned pension for the injury military. Nowadays, MDC is available to all ...

Question 1

Catherine of Aragon was the first wife of Henry VIII and mother of Mary 1. They got married in 11th July, 1509 but got divorced in 1533. Henry secretly married Anne Boleyn as his second wife in 1533. Unfortunately, Anne was found guilty of being unfaithful and was executed in 1536. Later on, Henry VIII married Jane Seymour as his third wife but she died afterwards.
After Jane’s death, Henry married Anne of Cleves as his fourth wife. After six months, she was divorced. Kathryn Howard was the fifth wife of Henry VIII. After two years in ...

Chapter 3

Post 1 – Professor Franck’s brings up an interesting question, why states obey international law despite the undeveloped condition of the international system? I would say a very important reason is that criminals, even those who have been nation-state leaders have been brought to trial on the international stage at The Hague. So all the characteristics he mentions that give legitimacy – transparency, symbolic validation, adherence and coherence – are met by the World Court and can be observed on the television news all over the world. There exist inconsistencies in terms of which leaders are taken to trial when others have ...

The African continent and the Anglophone Caribbean region share a common history. The two regions were colonized. Majority of the countries gained independence, through peaceful negotiation and armed struggle. Evaluating the progress of the two regions in the last five decades of independence is not easy. The task of evaluating becomes objective and reliable when the task is approached from the perspective of African and Anglo Caribbean nationalism, and the expectation of independence. Both the regions harbored complex nationalist. It’s possible for one to; argue that the two regions sought to achieve the objectives of decolonization, nation building, development, ...