Police Critical Thinkings Samples For Students

One program which specifies strategies for anti-bullying in schools is Norway’s Olweus Programme which was developed by Dan Olweus. This program focuses on adult engagement with the teachers taking charge of the strategy. The program strategies are designed to be used at the school-level, classroom-level and individual level. The Olweus program puts emphasis on the adult’s role in maintaining a safe and positive environment in school, as well as at home. Unacceptable behaviors are identified. The program suggests that non-physical and non-hostile sanctions should be done when the rules are not followed.

Aside from anti-bullying, there is also a ...

Police patrol relates to monitoring of specific geographical areas by police officers. This is achieved through movement within the specified area at regular periods looking for any indications of crime or breach of peace. Patrols are usually conducted by uniformed officers (Ortmeier, 2006). Even though it is not readily highlighted, police patrol may be regarded as the backbone of police work (Stering, 2004). Accordingly, police patrol plays a key role in law enforcement.

There are about eight types of patrols. The first type is foot patrol; this is the precursor to all patrols and is the most readily used. It ...

[March7, 2014]

During the riots of Los Angeles, Angela King was one of the survivors. King Angela was among the leading characters of twilight Los Angeles 1992. She was heavy drinker and used too drank too much like her mother. She has anxious personality; she used to exaggerate things and quarrels over small issues. Being a serious drinker she has a heart full of mercy for mankind.
At a teenage she was separated from her siblings and each of her siblings was sent to different house to dwell. Being separated and away from the loved ones made her kindhearted and lovable ...

Introduction

When a city or a town is a host of a conference, it is always difficult to arrange everything. The preparation should begin as early as possible. The point is that there are many people involved, as well as many work to be done. One should take into account not only the peculiarities of a conference or a meeting, but all legal issues, as well. This essay is aimed at answering several questions on the legal peculiarities of the case. The essay will be divided into three parts: according to the amount of questions to be answered. Such analysis will help to outline the main ...

Executive Summary

This paper will first summarize the major arguments; lines of thoughts, as well as the recommendations made by the authors of “Where have all the Criminals Gone?” during their analysis of the diminishing rates of crime in the United States. The paper will then introduce briefly some of the methods of critical thinking laid down by Wolcott and then use his critical thinking method to analyze Dubner’s and Levitt’s argument about crime rates. Finally, the paper will wind up with a conclusion on the whole issue.

Framing the Problem

The two authors initially talk about the history of abortion in Romania. ...

Issues in Labor-Management Relations

Issues in Labor-Management Relations
One of the ways to ensure that the police officers perform their job well is through effective recruitment and training, which is critical to law enforcement agencies (Allen and Sawney, 2010). Since police officers are exposed to diverse situations in their everyday functions, there is a presumption that there is an informal police decision-making process that takes place in their daily operations. They use their own discretion to carry out vague commands such as keeping peace and order and performing arrests. As a result, police officers should undergo a thorough selection process to be able to fulfill ...

History of the crime family

The Gambino crime family is among the five crime family operating in New York. It is named after its previous leader called Carlo Gambino who controlled the criminal operation of the family from 1959 to 1976 (American Mafia History par. 1). The family originated from the unification of the Salvatore D’Aquila gang and the Morello gang in the 1800s. The group operated in New York for close to twenty years until the incarceration of its boss, Giuseppe Morello. The conviction of the boss and underboss of the gang left a leadership gap that disrupted the gang’s activities. Salvatore ...

- What is meant by a Complex Internal Constituency? Explain how this effect can have deleterious consequences to the police organization.
Complex internal constituency is the situation where within an organization that deals with criminal justice there are various participants who have internal conflicts between them and at the same time they operate in such a manner as to achieve their own goals and objectives. This type of setting can lead to deleterious consequences to the police organization due to the fact that, such organizations need to work in coordination and with unilateral vision and mission and in case if ...

San Jose was previously considered one of the safest cities in the US. Today the city holds the dubious reputation of having one of the highest crime rates, far exceeding those of California and even the US (on a scale of crimes per 100,000 residents). An oddly disproportionate number of reported crimes are burglaries and such other related crimes that have become a cause of concern for the citizens, as well as the government. To make matters worse the number of arrests made has not kept pace with the rising crime numbers, indicating an increased number of unsolved cases in ...

Published: October 10.

Angela Jane Dewitt, 71, of Denton, passed away, October 9, the death was caused by heart attack.Born in the late David and Hanna Bruno, Sep. 24, 1943. She had two brothers and a sister: Jonathan and Henry Bruno, of Denton; Mary Rosencrantz, of Denton. Angela graduated from Denton High School in 1962. She married the Kenneth Dewitt in 1967, whom she met when they were studying at the Connecticut Police Academy. They lived together in Denton, before relocating to Chestertown in 1989.
Angela was a sergeant of police, who made her career only by her own skills and ambitions. In ...

Society operates on a certain set of expectations which help to sustain a civil and polite environment. When people do not meet those expectations, the civil society breaks down. Kitty Genovese’s society did not adhere to the civil actions that valued life and its inaction resulted in homicide.
Had I been in the situation, I definitely would have called the police. There is a basic human need for action when an incident like Kitty Genovese’s occurs. For individuals to ignore it or distance themselves from it is dangerous and cost that young woman her life. Each person who did ...

One of the relevant issues in modern justice is the issue of equality. Justice is a right to everyone despite his nationality, gender, or race. However, at times these variances have influenced justice system of the country. The financial status, gender, and race of a person have influenced how he is in the justice system of the country. The notion of creating stereotypes and associating these stereotypes with certain groups has influenced justice system in the country greatly. These stereotypes influence the arrest, prosecution, and verdict of a person. These stereotypes determine whether a person gets justice or not. The police, Judges, and ...

According to Gansberg (1964), 38 citizens observed the murder of Catherine Genovese, but did not interfere or inform the police. From the title to the structure, phrases, and words used throughout the article, the author is clearly interested in sensationalism rather than providing sufficient evidence to support the claims made. The claims themselves are absurd. According to the article, the attack began at 3:20 a.m., which would suggest all 38 witnesses woke up to the attack and proceeded to watch it continuously for the remaining 30 minutes before one of them called the police.
Some residents were not ...

Couse:

Local enforcement agencies of the law around the world face gradually but complex set of problems with the emergency of globally criminal networks that are globally coordinated and pose threats to the national security. The criminals of the modern day have proved themselves to be transnational in reach and linked by sophisticated networks that are highly adaptive in their thinking, and that has made terrorism to be established as a crime that can be committed locally. In response to these changing criminal trends, the local police are developing strategies and policies that are equally adaptive and networked. The cornerstone of ...

Blink: the power of thinking without thinking introduces a revolutionary ant at first glance a somewhat berserk was of analysis and decision making. The book argues that mental analysis that works rapidly and somewhat almost instinctively is far much better and more prone to success than well informed, researched and clearly thought out decisions. The main subject of the book is thin slicing which is human ability to clearly make out what is most relevant within minimal periods of experience as opposed to well thought out research, in-depth observation and longetive analysis with all relevant facts at hand without making any ...

Introduction

In the morning of Wednesday, March 18, Ryan Moats was rubbed the opportunity to say goodbye to his mother in-law by the name Jonetta Collinsworth who was ailing from breast cancer. This was as a result of awful actions by one of Dallas policemen by the name Robert Powell. After spending about 15 minutes in a red light alongside Officer Powell’s Scrutiny, Ryan Moats arrived at the hospital too late to say his final goodbye to someone he treasured. Collinsworth had already taken her last breath just moments earlier. Owing to the above alluded realities about the incident, this writing ...

My Internship Experience with the Abu Dhabi Police Department

Abu Dhabi Police department is a bureaucratic organization situated in Abu Dhabi Emirate and it is mandated with the responsibility of maintaining security, reducing crimes and to ultimately achieve a safer society. It is in Abu Dhabi police department that I secured an opportunity to serve as an intern for a duration of 192 hours. Currently, this police department is run by the minister of interior and the Deputy Prime Minister Lt. Gen Shiekh Saif Bin Zayed Al Nahya. Abu Dhabi police department focuses on preserving stability, eliminating any sense of fear and to achieve justice among the general public. The core ...

Re: A Motion to Suppress statements and evidence acquired during the execution of the warranty

Issue: The police in this case are said to have had a search warrant that allowed for them to search the house. This warranty gave them the right to ask the suspect to step aside and allow them to search for any illegal firearm or anything else illegal in the house. In the Miranda v Arizona the police upon finding anything illegal in the house, they are supposed to inform the suspect of the right to remain silent and the right to avoid self incrimination (Levy, 1968). There is also the right to have an attorney present during any form ...

The County Sheriff’s Leadership and Management Decisions in the Local Budget Process Revisited

The article revisits the research by LaFrance and Placide and confirms the participation of elected sheriffs in the leadership rather than the management of their system. The article takes the view, which is deduced from the research and analysis that, elected sheriffs would corporate with the legislative assembly for the solution of budgetary deficits and or problems. This serves to illuminate the critical issues incident to the introduction of election of sheriffs as opposed to appointment of Sheriffs. The article propounds a number of reasons that support the election rather than the appointment of sheriffs. It runs short of declaring ...

Criminal Law

The prosecutorial style is more reflective of the Due Process Model of criminal justice because this approach adheres to the concept that the search for truth is more important than speed and efficiency in the resolution of cases (May, Minor, Ruddell and Matthews, 2007). On the other hand, Crime Control Model is based on the theory that the repression of crime is one of the crucial roles of the government where emphasis is given on the rapid arrest, screening, charges, acquittal, conviction, sentence served and the limitation on the process of appeal to eradicate the criminals in society (Lipmann, ...

Abstract.

A marginal youth group can be identified as a group of youth who have been identified by social workers as potential clients. Such groups exhibit some form of problem behavior or participate in some form of delinquent activities (Ngai et al, 2001). The police and private security guards are meant to provide security to the community and identify and protect the rights of these marginalized youth groups. However, the people who have the mandate to safeguard the rights of these groups are often seen as the violators of their rights. This is done by high handedness and implementation of laws ...

Civil Order Controls

Civil order control relates to responding, supervising, and controlling crowds or groups of people that may cause a breach of peace or upset calm in the society (Dammer and Albanese, 2010). In essence, civil order refers to control or management of civil disturbances such as demonstrations, illegal parades, protests, and sit- ins (Stevens, 2008). These disturbances are invariably caused by public outrage and are mainly directed at the government. Stevens (2008) argues that the rigorousness of such disturbances depends on the intensity of the outrage (p. 337). Civil order control may also relate to environmental and natural disasters.
Civil ...

Terrorism is a situation whereby certain individuals use violence to intimidate innocent civilians or a government into giving into their demands. Terrorists have different objectives. Some may want that only their religion should be recognized in their state and only the laws of that religion should be passed. Others may want their regions to secede from the parent state so that they can manage their resources on their own. Counter terrorism refers to actions which are being taken to combat terrorism. The word is preferred to the term “war on terror” because of its active connotation. Despite the dangerous activities terrorists ...

Introduction

Training
The most important stage to become a police officer is experiencing through a training process. Most police groups found out mostly ahead crime certainty, and experience tough incidences and event by convictions so there is a need to train the individuals to become the stable and manly policy officer to implement the law enforcement strictly. Therefore, first of all there is a need to pass the training stage to become a police officer for the individuals who want to go in the police department (Bogira 322).
According to the book, First stage the recruitment procedure of police officer in the main ...

Criminal Law

According to Ortmeier (2006), the police officer must possess the following skills and qualities such as proper attitude, integrity, leadership, judgment, communications, human relations, cognitive skills or knowledge and technical skills in order for him to be able to function effectively in the modern society. The police officer must possess the proper attitude in order to gain community support and efficiently carry-out the objectives of the agency. Police attitude is vital to be able to solve the problems he is confronted with in a proactive manner, and not driven by selfish motivations. He must be a peace-maker and encourage cooperative relationships ...

4. Who designs the laws? Do they benefit and protect all citizens equally? Why or why not?
According to the constitution, the congress is responsible for the process of making laws. Laws are debated in the parliament and when passed, it is expected that they are to protect all people in the society equally. The laws made by the congress actually benefit all the citizens of a country equally. This is because; these laws aim at ensuring that all people in the country enjoy their rights and freedoms. When in court, the laws are applied to all the citizens ...

Haddon (36) says that, "Intuition can sometimes get things wrong. But logic can help you work out the right answer." Haddon (36) claims through Christopher that logic is the only way out; Christopher never found logic being that useful throughout the novel. For instance, despite the fact that prime numbers can easily be obtained by taking away all possible patterns, there are never specific rules ascertaining the same concept (Haddon 9). In addition, Mr. Jeavons claims that despite being a logical person Christopher was thinking illogically (Haddon 15). Lastly, Haddon (36) confirms that even though Christopher believed in finding the ...

(1). William Glasser, an American psychiatrist and psychologist developed Reality Therapy in the mid-60s. As he continued making use of the therapy he had developed, its theory, techniques, and broader applications kept on evolving. Reality Therapy is a therapeutic approach in which people learn to comprehend the needs that our species have developed as a result of evolution and that drive every human being. Using this form of therapy allows therapists to help people make more effective choices so that these needs are met, to take control of their own lives, and become strong to handle problems and stresses of life. Glasser ...

Leadership Styles and Negative Aspect of Noble Cause Corruption

Noble cause is an honest commitment to make the world a safer place for humanity to live. Noble cause corruption refers to corruption that involves expectation a good end. In other words, it can be referred to as a corruption that happens when police are too considerate about their work. In addition, it is corruption done in order to get rid of street gangs, to protect the innocent from predators that impose pain and suffering on them. Ethics and leadership styles are major aspects in the present ethics and justice management activities. This essay is to compare contrast different styles of leadership ...

In James Wilson's "Just Take Away Their Guns," the columnist makes a powerful case for stricter gun control; in the wake of stricter gun control legislation, Wilson believes that adding more paperwork will simply not have a great deal of effectiveness in keeping guns off the streets: "Legal restraints on the lawful purchase of guns will have little effect on the illegal use of guns" (Wilson). Citing statistics on illegal and legally purchased guns, as well as the current state of police resources towards stopping illegal carrying of guns, Wilson believes that more police power to take away unlicensed firearms will ...

Introduction

Both the present Mayor Mr. P Stone and Dr. Eager are contesting the upcoming “Mayor” elections in Jefferson, Columbia. Mr. Stone is canvassing for a second term while Dr. Eager is the main challenger. In this situation, the statements made by Dr.Eager to the media, have to be examined with a different perspective. The statements have to be analyzed, with the destiination as to whether Dr. Eagers statements and his arguments, justifying them, are logically and rationally tenable. This is the purpose of this short essay.

Argumentative Thesis Question

Crime & Drug Abuse
Dr. Eager seeks to justify his contention that crime rates increase ...

The United States Constitution was constructed by the Founding Fathers to create a limited government that did not infringe greatly upon the rights and privileges of its free citizens. The overall goal was to create a government that would provide protection and assistance to its citizens without unduly taking away their freedoms. After the September 11, 2001 attacks, this particular outlook toward the federal government started to change: with legislation such as the Patriot Act and others, there is a significant push toward expanding governmental powers to increase the ability to wire-tap and take action against potential threats to security1. While these ...

The police are a body of persons that are constituted and empowered by the government of a given state. The primary responsibility of the police is to maintain law and order, protect property and to enforce law. Among the powers of the police is the legitimized use of power or force when executing their duties but the use of force is only applicable where necessary. A police force is quite different from a military force. As far as the police force is concerned, cases of corruption and of extra judicial killings have been reported all over the world therefore sullying its reputation. ...

Spike Lee’s incendiary, stylish film Do the Right Thing is a wonderful example of race relations in the late 1980s; in the face of police brutality and gang warfare in the ghettos of America, a fine line exists between black pride and equality, portrayed elegantly and energetically by director Spike Lee. Multiculturalism is at a razor’s edge in this film, with many members of the community being one arbitrary offense away from being beaten or killed by an insensitive police force, or prejudiced, conflicted whites in their own neighborhood. The events of the film are representative of the theory of ...

I. Case Summary
Chandra Levy, a 24-year-old intern from California, went missing on May 1, 2001 as she was preparing to return to her hometown of Modesto after undergoing a seven-month internship in Washington DC. Chandra’s disappearance drew much public and media attention after it was learned that she had been having an affair with a congressman of her hometown of Modesto, 52-year-old Gary Condit.
The police had focused its investigation on Condit who had denied any involvement in Chandra's disappearance but had admitted to having an affair with her. But as the police searched for Chandra's whereabouts, it ...

California University Tuition Hikes and Students Protests

The year 2009 saw one of the most effective students’ protests in the University Of California System, UCS. The protest started in September 2009 and continued throughout the year (Ayres, 2009). As students protested, they were joined in by other persons, notably faculty members, varsity employees and parents (Duke, 2009). Although there were protests all over the country due to hiked tuition fees, the University of California System was the most affected, as students protests over a 32% increase in the amount of money paid for tuition per annum (Duke, 2009). This had been an initiative of the universities throughout ...

Criminal Justice

Goldstein moved police work from a reactive philosophy of maintaining law and order to a proactive philosophy of supporting democratic values and enhancing public safety through a problem solving approach to crime (Panzarella & Vona, 2013, p. 245). Goldstein’s approach to problem oriented policing became the core of community policing idea in the United States.
Accountability of the police has been executed by a number of means- through politicians, elected mayors, appointed councilors, and at various times, loosely and under a modicum of close supervision. Goldstein rejects the premise of the professional school of thought that the police are ...

In the current professions, a set of rules that govern the limits of workers remains important. The rules and policies are set to give the corresponding officials and other concerned members a clear way of dealing with the people they serve. In business, health, politics and all other institutions, whether economic or not, rules are applied to the professionals to ensure that they give the concerned parties the right services. A code of ethics can, therefore, be defined as a set of rules put in place to govern the way people live and interact in a certain environment. The ...

In ancient societies, people believed that the hierarchy of human society was based on the divine right of certain people to lead and the divine permission to keep others as lower class members of society. This shamed the parameters of social order until the Age of Enlightenment and Reformation in the 16th and 17th Centuries. The American and French Revolutions laid the foundation for the creation of a system of civil liberties and human rights which required some basic rights to be accorded to all human beings without exception. Human rights is defined as “a set of freedoms guaranteed ...

The police are sworn to serve and to protect fundamental human rights by ensuring that the criminal justice system plays its primary role in upholding justice. Police attempt to accomplish this goal by investigating, interpreting and communicating this information. This series, while often leading police to correct conclusions, is at its essence a process easily influenced by subjective forces, which ultimately have the ability to effect the cognitive abilities of police officers and creating biases. Unfortunately, as a result, justice is not always upheld because cognitive biases in decision-making have led to the abuse of human rights and the denial of ...

Q.1. In the article, Sparrow provides insight into performance measurement strategies in the current police organization. He aims at educating police executives on the importance of police work. He also explores the prevalent mistakes concerning performance measurement that tend to be overlooked. Sparrow’s concept entails widening the dimensions of performance measurement and effectively choosing the metrics that match the different types of police work. Sparrow’s concept of broadening the frame in modern police organizations involves recognizing the features of the various classes of work operating in a complex organization. He outlines the classes of work and their characteristics ...

Overview: Historically, law enforcement and the community have had a tense relationship. The conflictual nature of the relationship is based on the fact that community members do not think traditional policing is in their best interest. They suggest that community policing model should be the strategy employed to address crime and criminality in the communities of which they are a part. At the same time law enforcement and its police officers believe that its primary role is that of crime control. These differing views have further widened the gap in police community relations as both law enforcement, and community ...

Abstract

The reduction of the crime rate in the 90s caught many unaware. There were no expectations whatsoever that various factors would conspire to make America a safer place. Before this period, New York was considered the most unsafe city in the world to live. This is no longer the case as New York has become safe. Various analysts have put have various theory in an attempt to explain this phenomenon. The existence of various explanations means that people interpreted the situation differently. Whether the same phenomenon can go on forever is questionable. In the world today where economic matters ...

The NCWP report indicates that research undertaken both internationally and in the United States clearly indicate that women officers depend on a policing style that utilizes less force and is better at defusing as well as de-selecting potentially violent confrontation with citizens. I agree with these advantages, and the others highlighted in the report because both women and men are similarly efficient at law enforcement, yet female officers often tend to conduct their work with increased emphasis on communication, less dependence on physical force as well as substantially less possibility of being engaged in excess force issues.
In addition ...

While “Straight Outta Compton” is a biopic about rise and fall of N.W.A, it raises several distinctive socio-economic, political, and cultural questions. Set in the 1980s, the picture points to the problems that are still relevant in 2016. While the problems illustrated in the film are multiple, it is possible to conceptualize them into one issue. Specifically, do Black lives really matter for the U.S. society? The movie shows the attitude and treatment of law enforcement of the African-Americans in multiple accounts emphasizing the abuse of power and exaggerated violence of the police. It is possible to put this ...

After the tragic 9/11, the US declared a global war on terror targeting all those who plan terror attacks against the US and its citizens. This declaration of war has had several impacts on the US criminal justice system in a number of ways. According to Stojkovic, Kalinich and Klofas (2014), the first impact has been on the structure and operations of the criminal justice organizations. They have had to change their operational strategies and practices in order to be able to effectively and swiftly respond to the constant terror threats.
Further, the war on terror has affected the ...

Civil rights and civil liberties are mentioned throughout the United States Constitution. It is not uncommon for people to assume that both terms mean the same thing. In fact, these two terms have different meanings. Civil rights are a form of equality among the people of the United States. Rights are given to legal citizens of this country and are implemented in the Amendments and the Bill of Rights. There are many rights that individuals can utilize and practice freely.
In the Declaration of Independence, it discusses the rights of protection that is guaranteed by the government of the ...

Police have to deal with threats in the community. The threats can stem from violence, riots, and environmental factors. The threat of terrorism has been a huge problem for over a decade and is increasing more over time. The Patriot Act gave the government and police more power when it came to terrorism and protection against crime. The budgets and finances for the criminal justice departments have fallen short due to the economic hardship that had happened in the country. Resources can be limited depending on the financial availability the criminal justice department can use. The economic standpoint has ...

I. Introduction
The Fourth Amendment prohibits the government from conducting “unreasonable search and seizures” on the public. While reasonableness depends on the circumstances, such whether the act is a search or a seizure, the United State Supreme Court has, nevertheless, determined that a reasonable governmental search or seizure of a person occurs with a warrant or probable cause of criminal activity (Miller et al., 2012). Absent a warrant or probable cause, a search or a seizure can still be reasonable if it satisfies one of a number of exceptions to the general rule.
Accordingly, in the cases of Betsy ...

In the contemporary world, some of the major challenges that have embodied the security system include the advancement in modes of crime, demographic and societal complexity and individualism, increase in channels of committing crime and more importantly the technological advancements that have revolutionized the crime sector (Giacomazzi, Riley & Merz, 2004). This has necessitated a change of planning especially on matters of response to crime and emergencies. The police have a role to protect the people through responding to crime and emergencies. As much as the people, rely on the police to ensure order and security, the police depend on the population ...

Criminal justice administrators are all the personnel involved in the administration of justice in the justice system of the United States. The criminal justice administration is a wide field which involves many personnel who cooperate together in delivering and dispensing justice in a fare and just manner. The process starts from the cops who are involved in arresting law-breakers to the judges who impose sentences and fines to the law-breakers. There are many ethical issues involved in the administration of justice by the criminal justice administrators. This is rampant when the victims are politicians and other powerful people. First, ...

Torio S. James

Saint Leo University
The Problem
The last two decades left the United States of America’s detention centers flooded with juvenile offenders. The rate at which juveniles get themselves in detention facilities for rehabilitation is at its peak demanding attention from the justice system of the country. Statistics show that the young people are perpetrators of violent crimes inclusive of murder, rape, armed robbery and several other crimes more than ever before. Further studies accentuate that the greater percentage of inmates in jails currently throughout the US comprises inmates in the age bracket of 17 and 21 ...

Introduction

In these tough economic times, the government needs to reprioritise its spending programs to ensure that it directs the economy back to the path of growth. Various measures need to betaken to achieve this objective, and I intend to make some several proposals that I will carry out to achieve this.
The police force plays an essential role of preserving social harmony in this country. The social stability that is enjoyed in all parts of the United Kingdom is to a large extent as a result of their efforts in maintaining law and order. I commend the police force for ...

Although both the terms are quite similar and are used interchangeably with one another, corruption and official deviance in policing are quite different. In a nutshell, it can be said that corruption only forms one of the aspects of official deviance in policing, whereas deviance is highly related to the ethical side of official duties. Corruption is a matter of self-interest and morals of the individual who is concerned about a certain job.
Police deviation can be distinguished as the behavior that the police adopt when they hold a position of authority over the rest of the people. This ...

The notion of religious freedom is a bedrock right in American society. The nation was founded on the idea that citizens should be free to worship however and whatever they choose and the government is proscribed from establishing a religion. The First Amendment of the Constitution provides, “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof” (United States Constitution, amend. I). While the right to free exercise of religion is enshrined in the Constitution, many minority believers and non-mainstream faiths are discriminated against. To combat religious discrimination, Congress has made religion a ...

Initiation of substance abuse by schoolchildren

Introduction
Criminology theories pivot on the premise of understanding human behavior under certain circumstances that culminate in criminal acts. The social aspects surrounding an individual often create a situation that forces the subject to try out illegal options. Criminology theories provide insights into these social aspects and allow law enforcement agencies to form countermeasures to prevent crime.

This theory contends that an individual’s actions depend on the type of associations in society. The concept of this theory is that if a subject has reasonable levels of education, a steady job, a family, and association with a religious institution, ...

A policing organization is an organization that endorses law enforcement at all levels. Therefore, this organization must do all it can to maintain law by all levels to ensure that people live in peace. Thus, this organization requires perfect leadership skills, with the top management acquiring the best leadership qualities that will be imitated by other personnel, to ensure that the entire department performs its duties excellently. Some of the examples leadership characteristics are responsibilities within policing organization are discussed below (Dobby, Anscombe & Tuffin, 2004).
They should be committed to help other people: Law enforcement professional should be dedicated ...

The case of Meredith Kercher’s murder in Perugia, Italy became a very sensationalist story due to the involvement of an American young woman, Amanda Knox, who represented both America’s sweetheart, being young and beautiful, and Italy’s black widow, due to her associations with sexual promiscuity and drugs. While no clear evidence was ever found to ink her and her Italian boyfriend to the murder, they were imprisoned, together with a Black man, Rudy Guede, whose drug-related activities quickly turned the media against him. In this high-profile case, the issues of privilege and diversity had a great ...

Divestiture strategies are laws that separate people from what is legally theirs. For instance, people should socialize while they are young, but they are taken to academy where they are separated from both their families and friends. Again, they are forced to adhere to strict rules such as cutting their hairs as well as putting on uniforms, meaning that they cannot wear the kind of cloths they love. At the workplace, recruits need more socialization than the experienced workers, but bidding procedures as well as shift assignment prevents them to socialize, and this may make them feel strangers in ...

Establishing the national homeland security initiative right remains the most challenging task in the Turkey owing to the concerns in protecting the homeland are based on pervasive competency, over-centralization, entrenched politics, and corruption that frequently make Washington not to discharge their duties appropriately. Given numerous terrorist and criminal activities being witnessed in Turkey’s neighboring countries, like Iraq and Syria, which are believed to make nuclear weapons, there is an urgent need to strengthen Turkey’s Homeland security. The recommendations indicated in this article are vital steps in setting up the suited kind of homeland security for Turkey. The ...