1.
The dogmas are laws and axioms that define a science and all the studies inside that science must follow. It is difficult for an investigator to challenge or dispute a law of axiom of natural science as biology, chemistry or physics; because the current scientific community follows the current dogmas of the natural sciences. In the best of cases, tens of years after the discovery or laws challenging other scientist and investigators must support the idea after the scientific community accept a change in the current dogmas.
Currently, the central dogmas of the natural sciences are:
a. All the pluricellular organisms are mechanical. The animals are considered complex mechanism rather than a living organism with objectives and mission. The mechanical principles of thermodynamics, energy transformation and kinetics apply to all the pluricellular organisms.
b. The matter has no conscious. The matter has no subjectivity or a specific point of view. The considered "human consciousness" is an illusion due to the results of the physical activity of the brain. The brain and neurons connections are considered an electric and physical activity.
c. The total amount of energy and matter in the universe is always the same. That means there is no possibility to create the new energy of matter from nothing. The concept of volume control in thermodynamics or related disciplines uses the principle of energy and mass conservation. No matter the size and shape of the control volume, it always applies the energy and matter conservation.
d. The laws of nature are the same and fixed from the beginning of times to the eternity. The laws cannot be changed because that rules the matter and life.
e. Nature has no purposes, and the evolution has no direction or mission. Both nature and evolution are shaped by the interaction between matter and energy. According to the natural sciences, there is no ruler in the world that governs the evolution of nature.
f. The mind does not exist; there is only brain activity. The image of the objects, shapes, colors and figures are inside the brain of each human being. The human being may see in a green color the tree leaves, but a dog may see the tree leaves in a yellow or black and white color.
g. The human and animal memories are material traces in the brain that disappear after death. During life, the human and animal beings acquire conducts and information that are "stored" in the brain, similar to the information storage in a hard drive or flash drive. The information storage depends on of electric connections between the brain neurons similar to the electric connections inside the components of the drive (Anand, 2002).
2.
The investigations in one field of the natural sciences may have an impact on more than one natural science. The experimentation is one of the most effective ways to test the current natural laws. Previously, it was not impossible to challenge laws or axioms, because there is no available technology to challenge natural laws.
The experiments made in the Conseil Europeen pour le Recherche Nucleaire (CERN or European Organization for Nuclear Research in English) is the most important investigation laboratory of the world that is developing experiments with atomic components at high speeds to study the big bang phenomenon's, energy and matter conservation laws.
The CERN did experiments to study the Big Bang theory of the universe creation and the energy transformation law. The Big Bang theory and Boson-Higgs particle challenge the energy transformation law considering the law as a control volume. The universe creation and the energy explosion in the Big Bang do not meet the matter and energy conservation because there is no introduction of energy and matter to the universe that will be transformed into new energy or matter in the "beginning" of the universe. The studies about the Big Bang and conservation have changed the way the scientific community had about this dogma and axiom (Popper, 2002).
Other technologies developments that have the potential to change one or more natural sciences dogmas are the artificial intelligence developments. According to the natural sciences dogmas, the "human conscience" is the result of electric interactions between neurons and physical items of the brain. The artificial intelligence consists in the creation of an artificial brain that can take autonomous decisions according to different situations of phenomena in a specific time and location. The natural sciences dogmas say that the "brain" activity is reserved for animal and human beings. The creation of artificial intelligence for a computer, a machine or an "invisible object" changes the axiom of natural sciences that the conscience, decision making, and thinking are the only reserves to humans and animals after an electric interaction between neurons in a brain. The artificial intelligence changes the natural dogma of "physical traces in the brain"; the artificial intelligence applies to machines, computers and physical elements that have "no life" according to the animal and human standards. Artificial intelligence will overpass the brain capacity.
Reference List
Anand, P. (2002). Decision-making when science is ambiguous. Science, 295. Retrieved from http://www.tc.umn.edu/~allch001/papers/dogma.pdf
Popper, K. (2002). The Logic of Scientific Discovery. 2002: Routledge Classics.
