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Syrian refugees are citizens of Syria who have fled the country because of the Syrian civil war, which has begun in 2011. Currently, Turkey is the largest host country, in which as of 2016 there are more than 2.7 million Syrian refugees. About 1 million Syrians have sought refuge in various countries, in particular in the neighboring, such as Lebanon, Jordan, Turkey, as well as in the European Union (EU). In February 2016, UNHCR collected contributions by various countries to resettle and provide the necessary living conditions for the 170,000 registered refugees.
The work of human rights organizations is based on international regulations. Thus, the main international instrument governing the livelihoods of refugees in the host country is the UN Convention "On the Status of Refugees," 1951, the Convention sets out the basic rights of refugees, relating to different spheres of life. For example, it considers separate property, labor and social rights of refugees, as well as intellectual property rights and other. In particular, the Convention sets out the basic rights of refugees and the necessary standards ( "minimum standards") in the country of asylum: non-discrimination (Article 3.), Freedom of religion (Article 4.), The right of association (art. 15), the right recourse to the courts (art. 16), the right to work (art. 17, 18 and 19), social rights (Art. 20, 21, 23 and 24), the right to education (art. 22), freedom of movement (Art. 26), the right to travel documents (art. 28). Under the Convention, a refugee is not only rights but also responsibilities. In this case, the responsibility is to comply with the legislation of the country that accepts refugees, and pays taxes in the amount, which pay the citizens of this state. Consequently, refugees duties always regulated by the Host State and shall comply with the regulations that govern the citizens of this state. Also, the 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees (it extends the temporal and geographical scope of the Convention), Conclusions of the Executive Committee of UNHCR (help member countries to address key issues with regard to refugees) regulate the admission of refugees. International law involves the right to seek asylum but it is not obligatory to a state to provide it. States can offer a kind of temporary protection when face with a large number of people so that the usual mechanisms of asylum systems are overwhelmed. In such condition, people can be rapidly displaced to safe countries, however, it does not guarantee permanent residence in the new country. Thus, temporary protection is helpful to both states and asylum seekers, which are in special circumstances. Nevertheless, it only elaborates and does not replace the complete measures of protection established by the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees. The most part from refugees await resolution of their predicament in the world. Temporary asylum in adjoining countries has been more granted, but such states are not entitled to make a permanent status or integrated into the seat. Their right to move and also the right to work and opportunities for education or recreation or non-existent or negligible are often very limited. These refugees may also be the aim of an attack, for example, by security forces of host country or infiltrators from their home country.
In recent years, a large number of Syrian migrants crossed the border of the EU by the Mediterranean Sea. Basically, their objective is the country with a stable economy. These include, for example, Germany, France, Britain, Sweden and others. Europe was not ready for such a migration flow, so periodically appear in the media news that another country closes borders to refugees, tightening legislation, or does send migrants because the financing of the United nations is limited, and the budget is not allowing all countries to take the extra few thousand citizens. In accordance with the UN On the Status of Refugees Convention, it turns out that States parties violate the signed document, which states that refugees can be sent back only if they threaten the national security of the host country. Also, in article 33, paragraph 1 of the Convention states that the contracting States will not be any way to expel or return a refugee to the frontiers of territories where his life or freedom would be threatened on account of nationality, race, political opinion, religion, membership of a particular social group.
In addition, some conclusions of UNHCR (namely, № 19 and № 22), and International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), in which States are encouraged not to expel the refugees, even with the influx, are violated. Therefore, even international laws are often violated, as evidenced by the media. In connection with this difficult legal and economic situation of the migration crisis in Europe has increased the value of the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, as well as other human rights organizations.
It can be concluded that the legal framework of human rights organizations on the problems of refugees is the 1951 Convention "On the Status of Refugees", the 1967 Protocol thereto, and other international legal instruments that protect human rights, and secondly, in UNHCR's activities as a the main organization that protects the rights of refugees, including not only the provision of all necessary refugees, the distribution of their countries and the allocation of funds for their maintenance, but also the educational mission of the formation of a positive image of refugees. The importance of the Convention over the years is growing, as the flow of refugees is increasing. Unfortunately, despite the increase in the number of refugees, international assistance for refugee protection is reduced. The burden is primarily on those countries that are at least able to bear it. Some countries provide asylum seekers in detention after their arrival and throughout the proceedings before the request for asylum and a decision on deportation. Asylum seekers can have already prisoned and tortured in their native country. Therefore, the conclusion of the consequences can be particularly significant, they can cause serious emotional and psychological stress.
According to Art. 31 of the Refugee Convention, refugees should not be punished for illegal entry into the territory of the state, if they arrived directly from the dangerous for their lives territory, provided that they report themselves to the government. Therefore, asylum seekers should not be delayed for possession of forged identity papers or for the lack of their identity papers, and must rely on their rights. However, many countries violate their human rights, disrupting the international conventions and declarations. The EU Member States did not play their due roles and failed to provide a safe haven for refugees who have nothing left but their lives.
References
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"UNHCR Factsheet on resettlement: Syrian Refugees", 2016, UNHCR. Available from: http://www.unhcr.org/52b2febafc5.html. [14 June 2016].
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“Reactions to Refugee Crisis May Violate States’ International Legal Obligations”, 2015, The International Justice Resource Center (IJRC). Available from: http://www.ijrcenter.org/2015/11/25/reactions-to-refugee-crisis-may-violate- states-international-legal-obligations/. [14 June 2016].
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Barakat, S., Zyck , S.A. 2015. The Syrian refugee crisis and the erosion of Europe’s moral authority, The Brookings Institution. Available from: http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/order-from-chaos/posts/2015/09/15-syrian- refugee-crisis-european-moral-authority-barakat-zyck. [14 June 2016].
Bidinger, S. 2015. Syrian Refugees and the Right to Work: Developing Temporary Protection in Turkey. Available from: http://www.bu.edu/ilj/files/2015/01/Bidinger-Syrian-Refugees-and-the-Right-to- Work.pdf. [14 June 2016].
Flanagin, J. 2015. It’s not just Europe that has a duty to help Syrian refugees, QUARTZ. Available from:
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Studebaker, B. Do European States Have a Moral Duty to Accept Syrian Refugees?, Benjamin Studebaker.com. Available from: https://benjaminstudebaker.com/2015/09/08/do-european-states-have-a- moral-duty-to-accept-syrian-refugees/. [14 June 2016].
