Summary of immigrant communities
Summary of Immigrant Communities
The tale of immigration in the US started before the founding of the country and it persist today. In the past decade, there have been continuing efforts to change the immigration system to make certain it meets the needs of the state. Owen et al., notes that when it comes to workforce replenishment, immigrants are essential; unlike Native American who are aging rapidly; when the immigrants come to the United States they mostly in their productive years, thus providing essential blend to the workforce. In essence, the new generations of immigrants are expected to pay social security for their basic needs after retirement. Currently, the majority of the immigrants do manual jobs such as milking cows as; most immigrants have low educational levels. However, the new age of immigrant's foresaw a growth in the immigrants' skills from low- to high-skills. Surprisingly, the new generations of immigrants have a graduate degree, the immigrants; thus, take up the low and high levels of the job pyramid (Owen et al., 2010).
The immigrants have improved the economy of Minnesota due to increased income tax. In addition, immigrants pay more taxes than the locals do. The immigrants are not only good entrepreneurs but are also likely consumers and workers. The Minnesota steel company is an example of foreign investment, which has rapidly improved the economy. The immigrants in Minnesota come from different parts of the world but mostly from Asia, Latin America, Africa, and Europe respectively (Owen et al., 2010).
The Death of Josseline
The Death of Josseline by Margaret Regan evokes a religious and human response rather than a political debate as it draws the reader to the economic, physical and personal terrain of immigration in the borderlands. The books reveal intricate facts of the interconnected mosaic of the intimately involved of the immigrants, border patrol people, human rights workers and activists. The text reveals of a 14-year-old girl who died in Arizona dessert alone. This is among many deaths that occur to people on their way immigrating to the US. Josseline, got sick in the desert while she, her brother, and other adults were crossing the United States and Mexico border to reunite with their mother in the Los Angeles (Reagan, 2010). The group abandoned her in the desert where she died, and her body was found decomposed. It is salient to note that the exact number of immigrants who die crossing the border is uncountable and unknown. Josseline is one of the many victims who suffer the consequences of immigration such as contaminated food and sleeping out in the open. Majority die due to wild exposure. Josseline was a child who was in pursuit of meeting her mother. The text reveals the troubles what immigrants go through before they decide to cross the US border, where they are not so welcomed. The book alarms the public about the poor policies that put the life of the desperate people at risk.
When Learning the Second Language Means Losing The First One
It is evident that the diverse populations in the US have children who migrate to America, and thus, the children from the linguistic minority must learn the language of the society to take advantage of the opportunities offered by the society. These families are forced to learn the new language to be able to enjoy the education and other services offered within the new country. The children, for instance, the timing and the age they are exposed to the English mostly affect the ability to keep and continue using the primary languages from their motherland. They thus, develop the second language. The children lose the main language, which is spoken by parents, and the parents allow their children to learn the new language. The children adopt languages taught in the pre-school school programs such as Spanish and English (Linck et al., 2009). It is pertinent to note that the loss of the primary language can be very costly to the children their families and the society.
Legal immigration
America, according to President Barrack Obama, welcomes any citizen who is willing to work and live in America so long as they earn their acceptance. The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) describes aliens as people who are not citizens of the US and classifies them into nonresident, illegal immigrants, or nonimmigrant. The legal immigrants are allowed to reside in the America without the US citizenship through the provided visas. In essence, the immigrants can keep on renewing their visa each time they expire. The aliens are supposed to give temporal allegiance to the US for the time they live in the country. The secular devotion is just obeying the US laws when in the country, the US court jurisdiction implied consent for tort and commercial laws and submitting to the court system the power of subpoena. The aliens also enjoy the same rights privileged by the Native Americans including the minimum wage. In the judiciary, the aliens receive similar treatment to that of the US citizens. The Congress has the power to scrutinize any law that acts against the immigrants. The aliens are supposed to bear the US obligation such as payment of states and federal taxes. Each state has the authority to add the aliens more rights in their respective jurisdictions. The immigrants have the right to federal courts in the United States (Beneitone & Yarosh, 2015).
What We Know About Minnesota
Minnesota County has the highest number of immigrants compared to the US nationals. Minnesota has about 90,000 undocumented immigrant populations. Minnesota County is also the home of refugees from warring countries such as Somalia, Vietnam, and Laos, since, refugees account for about 23% of the total immigrants. There is a lot of diversity of cultures in this County. Asia comprises around 40% of the immigrants in Minnesota thus contrasting the whole country immigrants who are mostly Latino. According to Owen et al., the majority of this undocumented immigrant comes from Mexico, 61%; Asia follows with19 percentage, South America 5% while Europe and all the other oceanic parts comprise about 4% (2010). In addition, 59% of the immigrants speak native English fluently; 55% have more than a high school degree and are young; 62% of the population is below 35 years, and finally 77% of the population has lived in the US for about five years. Despite the high turnover of immigrants, Minnesota still suffers from the labor shortage. There is a greater gap between the employers demand and the number of people available due to the retirement of the baby boomers. Minnesota has lower birthrates (Owen et al., 2010). However, there is a low crime rate the despite high numbers of immigrants.
References
Beneitone, P., & Yarosh, M. (2015). Tuning impact in Latin America: Is there implementation beyond design? TJHE Tuning Journal for Higher Education, 3(1), 187. doi:10.18543/tjhe-3(1)-2015pp187-216
Linck, J. A., Kroll, J. F., & Sunderman, G. (2009). Losing Access to the Native Language While Immersed in a Second Language: Evidence for the Role of Inhibition in Second-Language Learning. Psychological Science, 20(12), 1507-1515. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02480.x
Owen, G., Meyerson, J., & Otteson, C. (2010). A new age of immigrants: Making immigration work for Minnesota, summary of key findings. Minneapolis, MN: The Minneapolis Foundation.
Regan, M. (2010). The death of Josseline: Immigration stories from the Arizona-Mexico borderlands. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
