Initial hypothesis:
The introduction of the racism of an era gone is purely interrogative in the paper. We introduce the African American hypothesis of racist upbringing to African people migrating to America and from their homeland. Investigating the origin of the African continent, the demography, the cultural, economic and institutional aspects derive great strength and notion in value. People have been subject to slavery to avoid and lessen hard labour as elsewhere. The racist taste for maintaining relation is to defeat a purpose to development. Single white race superiority is also an idea that is explored in the entire detail.
Sources of information:
Primary and secondary sources of information are those that are indicatively the data sources. The primary sources of information have the direct collection of data source, via interview, survey and questionnaire. These are indicatively kept and made in original form when under study. Original works, creative works and artefacts are best examples. The secondary sources of information are those that include the data gathered first instance or primary in journals, newspapers, radio, magazines etc. Secondary source of information is indirect and contains data which has already been collected by correspondent and is detailed for the review purpose by another researcher. Thus interpreting and analyzing the primary and secondary sources of information one can gain a larger perspective and analysis to the research study under question. The primary sources of information include the survey and from journals and electronic websites and journals. Secondary sources of information include the electronic papers, e-websites and others.
Also we would explore and define the other sources of information which are Written, Oral and Verbal. Therefore the written sources of information defined are like the magazines, journals, newspapers and others. Oral sources of information are the audio, videos, radio and other sources. Verbal sources of information include the viral marketing, buzz, word of mouth and other sources.
Critical analysis of sources:
- http://www.buzzle.com/articles/racism-against-african-americans.html (buzzle)
- http://voices.yahoo.com/african-americans-racism-inequality-prejudice-2064260.html,( yahoo 2008)
- http://www.historytoday.com/john-kirk/long-road-equality-african-americans.(history 2009)
- http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_did_Jim_Crow_laws_affect_African-Americans.(wikianswers 2013)
- Rudolph Alexander Jr. ; Racism, African Americans and Social Justice. pp 75-92,49-59.
- Leslie M Harris; In the shadow of Slavery, African Americans in New York City, 1626-1863. pp 11-15, 134-139.
- The Impact of Anti-Black Racism on Approval of Barack Obama’s Job Performance and on Voting in the 2012 Presidential Election, ( Josh Pasek , Jon A. Krosnick , Trevor Tompson, oct 2012).
The following are the sources from where critical information and details of the African American slavery has been found. The online sources of information and details indicate about the challenges inherent in making a clear perspective stand out is in particular emphasis as also relevant. The online sources provide detailed information on how the African American slavery has been increasingly subjected to major news source and an event that has changed the shape of way by which many Africans and Americans recognize themselves in a simpler societical undertaking. A major development for new ways in which Africans come to understand their position within the context of society is found for in the book (Leslie M Harris,11-15, 134-139) under topic for racism. This book has a good narration that is exhaustive about the dynamic upheavals in major ways, cultural, economic, and demographic for African people where racism in form of slavery was rampant in New York City for more than two centuries. Though the book narrates the story of African Americans and their distinct ways from where they are able to gather soul and body together. The book answers an important question of the livelihood in present definition to emancipation and the failure of New York City. In this regard, the book answers a simple and effective question.
The book for racism by Rudolph ( Rudolph Alexander Jr., 75-92,49-59, 2005 ), answers many such topical questions in terms of racism and the bigger question of social justice in his book. He forms his opinion based on the economic and jurisprudence of the correct nature but wrongfully guided by individuals oppressing Africans to their own ends. He has explained the manner from where the individual African is subjugated to an oppressive law in favour of the other race in many societical instances.
“ The Impact of Anti-Black Racism on Approval of Barack Obama’s Job Performance and on Voting in the 2012 Presidential Election “ journal is one of the better approach to highlight the African American conditions and leadership (Josh Pasek , Jon A. Krosnick ,Trevor Tompson , Oct 2012) .
Disagreements or Agreements
The disagreements in the online website article sources are numerous as these have a different way of racism explained instead. In the article source (yahoo, 2008) the author explains the need to move ahead in terms of African American racist underpinnings in the government since Abraham Lincoln was president. He reiterates stand of racism even after Barack Obama at the 2008 election win even though he is reluctant to agree that the laws had been anywhere but favouring African American citizenship or slavery.
In this article the disagreement is about why the racism is still supported and prevalent from information cited which is clear of the rules but not supporting evidence from the argument.
On the other hand the other article source from (buzzle, web) explains the need to survive for African Americans in the US as a main aspect of definitional and conditional behaviour. It propounds the way African Americans now get support from Barack Obama election in US. Also explains the agony of the people in form of lynching and the Jim Crow era from 1890-1940 as a major reason behind the Black racist philosophy. Major victory over racism came from the civil rights movement in 1964 which banned racism for jobs, labour unions and public accommodations.
In this article the agreement is based on information, rules, evidence while there is still disagreement for the supporting arguments which is less.
Another article source from where we obtain the detailed information on Jim Crow laws has elucidated the following to be true (wikianswers, web)
Idea of racial discrimination of Jim Crow laws was separate but not equal.
A legal way to continue with the discrimination in Southern states led to two societies in US, one African American people deprived for education, wealth, culture etc while the white race went ahead with culture and societies.
In this article, we have agreement for the information on the philosophy of racism while it is still an unethical civic practice.
(Rudolph Alexander Jr., 75-92,49-59.) The book is providing the details on information of racism in the African American people where the argument of racism being an irrelevant aspect or philosophy that has corrupted unknowingly the overall societal structure in US. Many ascribe the lynching and rules, laws to have been further dismantling the civic laws and there must be a total or complete answer. While book suggests economic and depressive law structure in favour of rampant racism, we do not agree as there have been cited civil rights movement and many other laws, regulations that hindered racism from taking root.
(Leslie M Harris, 11-15, 134-139) The book elaborated the aspect from racist township societal background. While the book offers all aspect to development as having the racism tag in New York from two centuries we can agree to the complete issue of why it was a failure for New York city and the other that racism and cultural philosophy that had resurgent understanding with the people must have a deeper root cause to answer the prevalence still seen today.
“ The Impact of Anti-Black Racism on Approval of Barack Obama’s Job Performance and on Voting in the 2012 Presidential Election “ in the source agree with the fact of job performance and voting being affected from distinct impact of anti – black racist remarks having impact (lower or higher). (Josh Pasek , Jon A. Krosnick ,Trevor Tompson , Oct 2012)
Interpretation of the evidence.
The evidence that has been presented to us in the paper from different sources has been one of complete agreement on following measures,
- Racism laws supporting the philosophy or practice are in US since many centuries,
- The practice is unethical and is supported by one class or race to another class of African Americans who are subject to slavery, lynching and other malpractices
- The economic laws and jurisprudence is evidently as high in their number of occurrence in events of racist nature while many cities had already succumbed to it.
- Social justice for a uniform society and democratic distinct society should be the preserve of a nation, whilst it is not seen either in form of laws supporting the practice as also the people approving racism
- Evidence of large scale lynching in 1900s and the civil rights movement in 1964 suggestive of the fact that the laws were reformed a many decade later than being promulgated or reformed as quickly as though the society or community could not approve.
- Also growing anarchy of racism in the late 20th century has become even more evident. This falsifies the current regime laws and societal cultural discords for Barack Obama government with his election and also his efforts to curtail the malpractice.
- Evidence to the racism is secondary source of information from the newspaper, journal, websites and books.
- Racism as depicted in books is evidently more in the early years while the later part of 20th century is full of laws and regulations curbing racism.
- Racism in later 20th century begins from laws curtailing malpractices while the evidence to racism is foregoing in the discussion.
- Evidence is primary information and the secondary source of racism evidence the major development in this regard
- Most of the websites offer the latest news and events on racism , while their information is authentic they also have details on events on laws and bills sanction on racism
- Racism is also economic and one of depravity, while this is possible from usurp laws and regulations
- Changing laws and demographic societal formations indicate racism would have been a normal event which might have dissipated had it not been for support of wrongful laws and customs
- Poverty and deriding social stigma attached to slavery or racism has been evident in the African American people who have not been able to destroy this image.
- African American people have the similar issue of bias as people of any group or situation
- The condition of racist position is one of community and ownership. Bridging gap from one community to another is evident for black people African American than for the white race background people.
- African American people sublime in defeat while white racist people are looking more benign from accepted customs and accustomed tradition of favouring racism than equality of caste, creed or colour.
- African American people reject approving community , take matter of control in own hands becoming negative and oppressed
- White racist people have more common favour from land ownership, capital and also cultural superiority
Conclusion
The paper titles African American racism in the past era shows much effort in the eradication of the prevalence of racist practice. We have observed that the evidence and interpretation of the many related information regarding lynching, slavery and community discord due to racism is presently in some measure still alive. The African American racism has almost been taking more than last two centuries to control. The curbs on these practices have to be made in the regulations, societal philosophy of segregation or unity, and numerous other instances of economic depravity as well.
Works cited
“Racism against African Americans”, Buzzle, web.
“ African-Americans, Racism, Inequality and Prejudice in the United States”, Yahoo, web, oct 27 2008.
“The Long Road to Equality for African-Americans”, Historytoday, web, 2009
“How did Jim Crow laws affect African-Americans?”, Wikianswers, web, 2013
Rudolph Alexander Jr., “Racism, African Americans and Social Justice”, 2005, pp 75-92,49-59.
Leslie M Harris, “In the shadow of Slavery, African Americans in New York City, 1626-1863” pp 11-15, 134-139.
Josh Pasek , Jon A. Krosnick ,Trevor Tompson “The Impact of Anti-Black Racism on
Approval of Barack Obama’s Job Performance and on Voting in the 2012 Presidential
Election” , October 2012.
