Q.1
The condensation occurs due to change in temperature that causes the air to lose the ability to hold water vapor. Resultantly, the water liquefies, and appears as moisture around the bottle or cane filled with some sort of liquid. In July, the area of Tucson experiences difference in air temperature and the warmth dies out as air rises to higher altitudes with the passage of time, so the gaseous form of water takes the shape of liquid because the atmosphere lacks the power to hold the water vapor.
Q.2
The air that is present at higher altitudes is generally cooler than that of dwelling at lower heights. The warmer air moves upwards, but loses its heat along the way. In this manner, the element of fog come into play, and it covers the places those are usually constructed at higher grounds (Graham and Guyer, 166). The cooling effect of air does cause the presence of water to increase, and therefore, we have fog that converts into clouds with an increment in altitude.
Q.3
The difference of air temperature causes the development of moist convection because the warmer air moves upwards due to its lighter mass (Newberry, 232). The air becomes heavier with the increase of height, so there is a transfer of energy happening within the air that cools off due to increment in altitude. The increase in mass of the air represents energy, and we can calculate the difference of air mass by subtracting the average weight of dryer atmosphere from corresponding median figure of the cooler and higher environment.
Q.4
a) Hyperthermia is a condition that causes a person to experience greater level of body temperature than the normal and medically recommended one.
b) The person who is suffering from hyperthermia must receive ice therapy, and he or she must be transferred to a cooler place. Additionally, he or she had to drink a plenty of water while, the individual is transferred to a healthcare facility where he or she can receive detailed medical treatment.
c) The average human body reacts to hyperthermia by generating a lot of sweat, and the increased perspiration causes the heat within the physic to release, and the frequent intake of water plays a role of internal coolant (Newberry, 236). Secondly, a person become semiconscious during experiencing hyperthermia because the body starts to shut off unnecessary processes in order to relieve the patient from further overexertion that can raise the temperature increasingly.
d) The hyperthermia is not lethal in isolation, but it can drain the body of vital nutritional elements, and therefore, loss of energy and weakness kick in. The higher temperature of the environment hinders the release of heat via sweating, and the internal body temperature does not lower.
e) The condensed and closed environments increase humidity, and therefore, the relevant temperature of the room will increase, as human bodies create heat in the form of consequence of their ongoing operations. The condensed and closed atmosphere does not allow fresh and cooler air to enter into the system. The process of cooling due to perspiration would not occur because of heightened atmospherical heat.
Q.5
Clouds are improved form of fog, and they establish their presence at higher altitudes due to transfer of energy that takes place from downwards to upwards in the atmosphere. The air becomes dense with water vapors, and the final result of the process would take the shape of a cloud.
Q.6
The warmer air is moving towards the colder one, and therefore, the rainy and mountainous side of larger islands is receiving frequent rains. The desert side has a dryer atmosphere, and the lack of moisture in the environment does not allow the clouds to develop. Additionally, the Southwest dimension is the one that houses rain forests due to condensed presence of water vapor at the mid troposphere.
Q.7
Not all of the clouds produce precipitation, and only those do whose mass has grown substantially over the recent period of time. The gravity pulls the partial presence of soil within the vapors towards the surface. There is potential to have different types of precipitation based on density of clouds. Heavier clouds create snowfall, and those with lighter weights release rainfall.
Q.8
Tucson has higher level of temperature, but the degree of humidity is much lower. However, the New Orleans has less temperature, and has higher potential of humidity. The cultures of both the locations have to do a lot with the overall drainage from the bodies. The New Orleans has closed and condensed living spaces, so fresh air would not enter profusely. The Tucson has open and natural spaces those freshen the atmosphere on a regular basis. The New Orleans has challenging living conditions than those of Tucson.
Q.9
The thermoregulation is a process that causes the internal body organs to have even temperature. The formerly mentioned activity would create homeostasis as a result.
Q.10
The temperature is well distributed amongst various body parts in a sauna room, but the water would have a condensed burning effect on a specific arm. The increased temperature of air is counteracted with sweating, but the human body lacks system that can fight heated water.
Q.11
a) The saturation mix is 2.88 (g/kg) at the dew-point temperature of 25 oF. Secondly, at 11 AM, the dew-point temperature remained the same while, at 8 PM, the abovementioned scale did not change either. In the light of above data, we cannot craft a relative humidity table because there is no change in the saturation mix in the environment that is a necessary condition before developing a required outcome.
b) The vapor content in the air at 50 oF was 9,356 g/m3. The level was rising due to rise in temperature, and vapor content increased to 15,711.5 at 65 oF. Finally, at 75 oF, the vapor content reached at 20,786 g/m3 . However, the humidity did not change its level because the temperature could not rise above heat signature of the human body under normal circumstances.
Q.13 a) and b)
At the location of Presque Isle, Maine, the corresponding Dew Point Temperature in 49 oF whereas, the area of Tucson, Arizona had the same dew-point score. The conditions did not affect the dew-point measure because overall temperature levels were equivalent. The rainy day at Presque Isle had a temperature of 35 oF, but everybody was sweating. However, the day at Tucson was sunny. Still, it was much colder, and every person was at peace with the weather. The dew point was static at 49 because of rain and lower humidity level respectively.
Q.13
The Tornadoes occur frequently in the country of America. The metrological events take place considerable number of time in the region. There are quite a few steps those one can take in order to ensure his or her safety. Firstly, a person must keep a close eye on the warnings those are issued via internet, print and electronic media. A weirdly green color to the horizon is a sure shot signal that tornado is coming. A hailing sound is considered an initial sign of a tornado. The Tornadoes can move in any direction, and one has to decide about the safest locations beforehand, and it is prudent that one leaves his or her home after receiving premature warnings about a potential hit of a tornado.
Q.14
a) According to one estimate about 49 people die from lightning strikes in America, but the numbers in this regard are dropping sharply.
b) The lightning can occur when there is no rain because the phenomenon has to do with interaction of negative and positive charges in the clouds those collide with each other in order to create a dazzling sound.
c) The potential victims of lightening have to avoid the eventuality of being at the wrong place at the wrong time because the lightening can strike at any time during the period of a year. The populations have to remain indoors after receiving warning through multitude of channels. The people who carry their work in the outdoors despite potential threat run under grave danger of being hit by lightning.
d) The person who cannot find suitable shelter, and he or she has seen and heard a flash with a gap of 30 seconds from the hearing of thunder then one should remain inside for 30 minutes in order to ensure his or her safety.
Q.15
a) The condensation funnel creates itself when high pressure air moves in order to fill the areas those are filled with lower pressured atmosphere then, the incoming wave cannot fully compensate the difference, and a swirling affect is created that revolves around a vacant space resembling a funnel.
b) The inward movement of high pressure system causes a swirling effect in the center of the storm, and if the injecting air experiences a drop in pressure then, it does not create a rounding moment in the middle. Thusly, a funnel of condensation cannot be created.
c) The spinning of tornado occurs due to interaction of updraft and lowdraft air that create a vortex of a thunderstorm. The tornado is a shearing form of thunderstorm.
Q.16
The winter brings chilling winds with it, and therefore, people find the season challenging because they have to cope with freezing temperatures. The winds cast a defining hand in terms of increasing the challenging nature of the weather. Based on the given data, Fairbanks, Alaska has fairly challenging environment for the human body. The wind speed of 10 miles per hour is enough to send chills through one’s bones. The climate of West Yellowstone is less severe because the temperature is bearable, and the fast wind speed keeps the humidify levels low as well.
Q.17
The air thrashes from the narrow spaces between the clouds, and makes a dazzling sound that is commonly refer to as thunder.
Q.18
The temperature drops down in the evening, and the process of evaporation starts to accelerate with the passage of time. The warmer air from the surface start to rise while, becoming dense on the way up. The formation of clouds subsequently occurs, throwing the weather into a chaotic form resultantly.
Q.19
At three thousand meters, the clouds will start to form because one can see that the difference between air and dew point temperatures has reached the minimal level against the above-mentioned height.
The temperature within the parcel would start to decrease at a static rate after the clouds have begun to form.
This parcel does not become unstable because the surrounding air temperature remains lower than that prevailing inside the parcel
Q.20
The clouds would form at 2000 meters, and the parcel would become unstable from that point onwards.
Yes, the parcel becomes unstable because of growing internal temperature of the parcel that exceeds the corresponding air temperature.
The parcel starts to fluctuate at 2000 meters, and the instability keeps on growing ever since.
The higher degree of vapor in air just above the ground would be explained with taking in account the recent rainfall that has caused the environment to become dense at lower height.
21) If a person sees a lightning strike, and hears a thunder after 3 seconds then, the lightning has struck within 10 miles radius of the individual’s position. According to 30/30 rule, the hearing of thunder within 30 seconds means that the lightening is going to strike within 30 miles radius, and when we have to cut the timeframe of the activity by 10 times then, we have to do the same with potential effected area.
22) The cloud to cloud lightening is more common due to interaction of negative and positive charges in the sky.
23)
The warm air rises into the atmosphere, and causes condensation to take place that will result in the formation of clouds. However, if the releasing of latent heat is consistent then, the surrounding air’s temperature will be less than that of present in the rising packet. The warmer air would send a gearing shift of energy to outward environment, and as a result, creates thunder. The rise of warmer air causes it to reach troposphere. The condensed vapors fall as droplets, and cause rainfall. However, the updraft can become so cold that the water reserves can take the shape of ice while, it comes down as hail, creating lowdraft consequently. Finally, the downdraft will exert itself out of the thunderstorm, and the entire setup would dissipate in 20 t0 30 minutes.
24)
The state of Florida has tendency to experience increased thunderstorms because of cooler and denser environment.
25)
The creation of hail is a consequence of lowdraft’s formation that causes the creation of ice within the clouds, and the ice falls off due to attraction of gravity. However, there are droplets present in the atmosphere whose temperature is between 0 t0 40 Celsius, and therefore, ice comes down along with droplets causing hailing.
26)
The lightening is an interaction between positive and negative charges in the clouds those collide with each other to create a flash.
27)
The downdrafts are more common in western US regions because the environment over there is denser, cooler and heavier, so the droplets convert into ice. However, the southern areas are warmer in nature, and therefore, they experience normal rain most of the times.
28)
Upper, middle and lower troposphere receive wind energy from different directions, and therefore, a lower pressure system would interact with a heavy pressured one that would create a banded coupling effect. The result of such a development would cause supercell thunderstorm to develop. The lowdraft would come down along with heavy winds those would move in circular motion in order to give birth to tornadoes.
Tornado Alley is a geographical terminology that identifies Kansas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and other adjacent areas those are prone to experiencing tornadoes.
The supercell thunderstorm occurs at locations those receive air from different directions, and there is no definite path of winds entering or exiting the region. Secondly, cooler and denser atmosphere is a prerequisite of the featured environmental development.
Works Cited
Graham, Brian, and Claire Guyer. "Environmental sustainability, airport capacity and European air transport liberalization: irreconcilable goals?."Journal of Transport Geography 7.3 (1999): 165-180 Online, July 23, 2015
Newberry, Ruth C. "Environmental enrichment: Increasing the biological relevance of captive environments." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 44.4 (2000): 229–243. Online, July 23, 2015
