On November 22, 1963 President John F. Kennedy was murdered, he was struck by two bullets from the assassin, one on the back side of his head and one on the throat. The shots took away the breath of President Kenney after a short period. By that time, he was in an open-topped limousine with his First lady Jacqueline Kennedy, who sat beside him. The limo also carried Governor John Connally along with his wife. It was a 10-mile motorcade in Dallas, through the downtown streets. Near Texas School Book Depository Building around 12:30 p.m. there was ricocheting of gunfire (Weisberg, 2013). Lee Harvey Oswald purportedly fired three shots from the sixth floor, severely injuring Governor Connally and fatally wounding President Kennedy. John F. Kennedy was pronounced dead 30 minutes later at Dallas' Parkland Hospital at the age of 46 years. The assassination aroused dumbfounded reactions globally. Before the President's death was publicized, the first hour after the killing was a time of considerable confusion. The event took place while the time country experienced Cold War (Kaiser, 2008). Therefore, it was a moment of unclear and uncertainty whether the shooting will increase and be part of a massive attack on United States. It was unclear whether Vice-President Lyndon Johnson, who witness the death of the president since he was riding two cars behind in the president’s limo, was in a safe situation.
The assassination opens a door for the government investigations to be carried out to find who assassinated the 35th president of United States. Assassination of JFK remains one of the defining events that took place in 20th century. The two official government’s investigations commissions were Warren Commissions and The House Select Committee on Assassinations Investigation committee (Smith, 1998). The successor president Lyndon Johnson started Warren Commission after a yearlong to investigate the death of JF. Kennedy. Chief Justice Earl Warren led the commission, and it concluded that the alleged gunman Lee Harvey Oswald had committed the assassination. Additionally, the committee also found that the Secret Service had not employed proper preparations for Kennedy’s visit to Dallas (États-Unis., & Warren, 1964).
The Secret Service was recognized and in charge of the president’s security, but they failed in safeguarding their president. The Secret Service is an authoritative figure and had neither a dependable reason nor the ability to carry out the killing by itself. However, it can be charged that one or more members of the Secret Service facilitated and participated in the assassination. The Secret Service appears to have involved in some of the most implausible conspiracy theories about John F. Kennedy murder. There is a conspiracy claims that one of the President’s driver who was a Secret Service agent fired the deadly shot. From another claim, the Zapruder movie was changed to cover the driver’s involvement in bringing the car to a stop just before the fatal headshot (Hurt, 1986).
The Secret Service also failed to protect the president sufficiently and found that Jack Ruby was behind and acted alone in killing Oswald. The commission settled that there was no conspiracy, either international or domestic involved. In spite of being firm conclusions, the report verified controversially. However, it fails to silence conspiracy theories that surrounded the event. Consequent investigations have supported and also questioned the Warren Commission’s report. The commission concluded that Oswald was the sole gunman. However, they failed to satisfy the eyewitness of the attack as well as others who did the research and found conflicting details in the Warren commission’s report. After the report, there have been theories arising, some critics of the report believed that a home movie that was shot at the scene and ballistics experts, conclusions disputed the theory (Kaiser, 2008).
House Select Committee on Assassinations Investigation committee was started in the year 1976 to investigate the killings of President JF. Kennedy and the assassination of American pastor and activist, Martin Luther King, Jr. it took two years for the completion of the investigations of HSCA. In their report, they concluded that the killing of the president was as a result of the conspiracy (Weisberg, 2013). The base for the survey and their finding was police channel dictate recording which the probable conspiracy. The HSCA also conducted various scientific studies of assassination that related to the evidence that validated by the Warren Commission’s findings. They agreed that two bullets struck the president and were fired by Oswald, who killed him and wounded governor Connelly. However, the Committee's conspiracy conclusion was not suitable and favorable to many mainstream experts. The finding concluded that there was grassy knoll shot, but it missed the target.
Nevertheless, the HSCA also settled that there was a high likelihood that the second gunman fired president Kennedy. In addition, the finding concluded that the president was perhaps killed as a result of an indefinite conspiracy. There was conspiracy that the second and the third shot of Oswald hit President Kennedy. The HSCA committee’s outcomes, together with those of the Warren Commission, continue to be disputed (Kaiser, 2008). However, the commission fails to identify the other gunman or the degree of the conspiracy. The HSCA committee believed that the base of the evidence available proved that the Soviet and Cuban Government did not involve in assassination of the president. Due to the evidence available that creates a strong base.
The committee also believes and concluded that ant-Castro Cuban groups and the state organization of organized crime were not tangled in the assassination of John F. Kennedy due to lack of evidence. The commission settled that the gunmen were part of the conspiracy, deprived of decisive who exactly was behind the assassination. However, the investigations open the doors to five decades of conspiracy theories. Almost immediately, there was emerging of various conspiracy theories began to develop (Weisberg, 2013). Among the most known were allegations the gunman was not a lone gunman. However, there was no definite proof evolving to support this hypothesis, neither evolving of indisputably disproven.
A conspiracy theory is an illustrative intention that accuses to cover up, through deliberate action and secret planning. The news on passing of the 35th president John F. Kennedy of United States was a shocking moment. The killer also was shot and killed two days after the death of the president before a trial took place. Therefore, there was no adequate evidence to lead to a way of how the president was assassinated. Since then, this became the birthplace of wild conspiracy theories emerges over the assassination of John F. Kennedy. Majority of Americans believed that the killing of Kennedy was a conspiracy in a week time after the president’s death. Additionally, the number has been increasing day-in-day-out (Hurt, 1986). Americans believed that the whole event of the assassination was managed and planned by many assassins not one.
The first conspiracy theory is that the Soviets did it. From the point of view and looking from all possible perspectives even from the dark hand behind the president’s assassination soviets, seem to be probably the right choice. Supporters of the theory point out to two possibilities of evidence. Starting with, he Soviet Union and United States were involved in a hostile cold war. Due to these fact conspiracy theorists claim that Soviet Highest Nikita Khrushchev was so humiliated since he was forced to surrender and back down following the Cuban Missile Crisis. Therefore, he requested a revenge that was the hit and assassination of Kennedy (Weisberg, 2013). The other captivating possibility of evidence was Lee Harvey Oswald's who was connected to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and this could result in the killing of President Kennedy. Nevertheless he also has worked with the Marine, and Lee Harvey had visited the Soviet Union twice accompanied with his wife who is born in Russian called Marina. Both the HSCA Committee and Warren Commission on killings came to the conclusion and found that there was little evidence to support or to have a Soviet-backed attack. However, one previous KGB agent arose out after several years to clarify that the Russians played an enormous role in participating in the plot of assassination of the President.
The second conspiracy was that the mafia were involved in president’s death. In this conspiracy there is a silva lining of truthiness, the CIA had come hand with hand with families of organized crime groups in order to have a discussion about the assassination of the president. The CIA noticed that only Cuba's Fidel Castro was the president, not John F. Kennedy. During the era of Castro's socialist revolution, Mafia comprehensively capitalized in lucrative investments such as casinos in Cuba. After U.S. President Kennedy had failed in the Bay of Pigs Invasion, that ended hopes for American organized crime to return to Cuba as well as angering the mafia. Additionally, Kennedy used to crusade for his younger brother Robert Kennedy, who was an Attorney General by then, which irritated the mob (Kaiser, 2008). John F. Kennedy hoped that his brother would lose his effect if Robert Kennedy were killed. In a similar vein, the mob did not like that move of president Kennedy, this could result in his assassination.
In addition, CIA had another version of the conspiracy theory that the mobs were paid most probably by the mafia and anti-Castro to kill president Kennedy. Majority advocates of this conspiracy theory attack Jack Ruby, who was the owner of Dallas nightclub and had connections with the mafia. The proponents argue that he had a connection with mafia, and he knew about the assassination of John F. Kennedy, and that is why he killed Lee Harvey in duration of two days after his detention. However, the conspiracy theory was ruled out by the two committees House Select Committee on Assassinations and Warren Commission. It was clear that the mafia did not involve in the assassination of the president, and, however, HSCA did not rule out that those who were in the mob ties were part of the plot (Hurt, 1986).
The third conspiracy theory was the Cubans claim the president’s life. There were speculations that were moving fast like a wildfire suggesting that the United States agents were trying to kill Cuban’s president Fidel Castro several times. The conspiracy theory suggests that Castrol attempted to defend him by eliminating the president as a way of paying hi honor, and this resulted in the assassination of Kennedy. Possibly, the most prominent proponent of the Cuban theory was President Lyndon Johnson, who had a lot in gaining from assassination of Kennedy. This is because Lyndon was the one who would succeed Kennedy following the killing. The theory suggests that there was corroboration of Lyndon and the Cubans. Lyndon was motivated by ambition and receive aid from Cubans and wealthy tycoons in order to profit more from leadership of Lyndon. The theory and Lyndon stipulated that Kennedy was trying to kill Castro first, but Castro did it first to him (ABC News, 1968). Both the commission that is House Committee on Assassination and the Warren ruled out Cubans in involving the killing. In the year 1997, during an interview with Castro and Bill Moyers, Castro referred to the theory as absolute insanity.
Essentially what happens in any conspiracy theory is that people have the motivation to believe in this theory. In addition, it is expressively different from evidence that is based thinking. However, a conspiracy theory is immune to evidence, and that can serve pretty well as the definition of proof. From the assassination of John F. Kennedy there is no chance to reject evidence, or reinterpret the evidence to be validation of conspiracy theory. There is an essential significant when it comes to process and interpreting of conspiracy theory. It is notably that in every cloud, there is a silver lining, therefore, in all conspiracy theory there is a shred of truth in them (Hurt, 1986). Conspiracy theory opens the door for investigations to be carried out and become source and beginning of every research events. Currently, the above ideas enlightened Americans and gave them bases in starting an investigation of John F. Kennedy assassination. From the history, the conspiracy theory of John F. Kennedy assassination ascended very quickly after his death and were based on reliable facts that were supplied by the media. The media give the evidence that the shots were from the front side not from behind as many theories suggest.
In conclusion, there was the conspiracy theory of political components that played a role in the assassination of John F. Kennedy. Few Americans believed that in this conspiracy there are unnamed state opponents were aware of the killing. There are other Americans who also think that there were unknown special interest groups that were responsible for the assassination of the president. There was the conspiracy of Ku Klux Klan, who brought instability in the government. However, John F. Kennedy as the president stand firm to ensure the group is eliminated in the United States and other racist groups to bring and make harmony and peace prevail in the country. In 2010, according to KKK theory they had work that was plotted to eliminate the president in the year 1963. If John F. Kennedy conspiracy theories are a reflection of any frequently held ideas (Hurt, 1986). Then those ideas are more likely to be an overall suspicion of U.S. nation and state organizations rather than adoration of one of the state’s figureheads. To date, there is no single consensus connected to the murder of John F. Kennedy, there are many who are involved in a conspiracy to assassinate John F. Kennedy. Those frequently mentioned are Harvey Oswald, organized crime, Jack Ruby, the FBI and CIA, the KGB, the Secret Service and President Lyndon Johnson, who by then was the vice president.
References
États-Unis., & Warren, E. (1964). The official Warren Commission report on the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
Hurt, H. (1986). Reasonable doubt: An investigation into the assassination of John F. Kennedy. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
Kaiser, D. E. (2008). The road to Dallas: The assassination of John F. Kennedy. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
Mendelson, B., Speer, P., & Noisivision Studios (Firm). (2008). The mysterious death of number thirty-five: A new perspective on the Kennedy assassination. Burbank, CA: Noisivision Studios.
Smith, T. A. (1998). The House Select Committee on Assassinations investigation into the death of President John F. Kennedy.
United States. (1964). Report of the President's Commission on the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy. Washington, DC: U.S. Govt. Print. Off.
United States. (1979). Investigation of the assassination of President John F. Kennedy: Hearings before the Select Committee on Assassinations of the U.S. House of Representatives, Ninety-fifth Congress, second session. Washington: U.S. Govt. Print. Off.
Weisberg, H. (2013). Whitewash: The Report on the Warren Report. New York: Skyhorse Publishing, Inc.
