In the early 40s many creative musicians began to feel acute stagnation in the development of jazz, which arose due to the emergence of a huge number of trendy dance and jazz bands. They did not seek to express the true spirit of jazz, mass-produced and used blanks and techniques best teams. Trying to break out of the impasse was made by young, first of all - the New York musicians, among whom alto saxophonist Charlie Parker, trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie, drummer Kenny Clarke, pianist Thelonious Monk are included. Gradually they began to emerge experiments with a new style, with a light hand gets Gillespie called “bebop” or simply “bop”. According to legend, the name was formed as a combination of syllables, which he sang characteristic bop musical interval - blues fifth, appeared in bop in addition to blues thirds and seventh.
First record of Boppers was released only in 1944. Among the first were Dizzy Gillespie, Charlie Parker, trumpeter Benny Harris. In late 1944 Dizzy was called the "new star". In 1945, the game takes quite a young trumpeter Miles Davis.
Throughout the history of jazz is constantly a change of phases, which in its means of expression tended to be more hot or cool side of jazz. The bop explosion by the end of the 40s was replaced by a new period, which even by name exactly matched the highest change of scenery. In fact, the style of cool only formally adequate cooling of musical energy. New generation of musicians late 40s interested in another approach based on the unity of complex arrangements and possible collective improvisation based on them.
Closely resembling the traditional bebop in his aggressiveness and technical requirements, hard bop of the 1950s and 1960s was based less on standard song forms and began to pay more attention to elements of blues and rhythmic drive. Incendiary soloing or improvisation skills together with a strong sense of harmony is the property of paramount importance for the performers on wind instruments in the rhythm section has become more prominent part of drums and piano, and bass has become more fluid , funky feel.
Jazz appeared from the music traditions of African Americans. Initially, it was a real African music. That music which slaves brought from their homeland. The years went by, decades. In memory of generations erased memories of country music forefathers. There remained only the spontaneous music thirst, thirst movements to the music, a sense of rhythm, temperament. On perceived hearing what sounded around the music of whites, who sang mostly Christian religious hymns. And negros also began to sing them. but to sing in their own way, putting them in all the pain, all the passionate hope better life even beyond the grave. Thus arose the Negro spiritual songs. And at the end of XIX century there were other songs - songs of the complaint, songs to protest. They were called the blues. Later it was transformed into jazz. Jazz has become one of the ways of expressing rebelling thoughts and ideas as well as showing the deepest feelings of a musician. As a result of the transfer of Negro vocal music and rhythm in the Negro instrumental sphere born a new orchestral music - jazz. African American did not only influence the development of jazz; they created it.
References:
Bebop Story. http://www.jpc.de/include/pdf/6924551.pdf. Accessed 08 December 2013
Cool Jazz. http://www.oswego.edu/academics/colleges_and_departments/departments/music/classes/MUS_317/cool_hardbop.pdf. Accessed 08 December 2013
Hard Bop Collective. http://hardbopcollective.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/the-hard-bop-collective-press-sheet-2011.pdf. Accessed 08 December 2013
