Question#1
Nutrition also known as aliment or nourishment, is the stipulation, to organisms and cells, of the materials essential (in food form) to support life. Most common health complications can be curbed or combated with a healthy diet. The diet of an organism is determined by the palatability of foods with regard to what it eats. In this study I am going to let you know how nutrients need to change throughout the life cycle: during the infancy and early child hood, and adolescent and adult hood respectively.
Requirements for micronutrients and macronutrients are advanced on a per–kilogram base during early childhood than at any other developmental phase. These needs are caused by the fast cell division happening during growth, which necessitates nutrients, proteins and energy indulged in DNA metabolism and synthesis of fat, calories, and proteins. Increased requirements for these nutrients are shown in DRIs for the early child age groups, which I have briefly discussed below.
Energy: an infant needs more than 100kg (430 calories/kg) while adults need 25 to 30 calories per day, during the early formative years, the energy demands is always high. However, the energy demands declines as they grow based on height weight and physical activities. Breast milk is the main energy source at this stage.
Water: children and infant have relatively high water requirements. Moreover, they have a larger body surface area to body weight and abridged capacity for sweating. They therefore stand the risk of mortality and morbidity from dehydration. Parents should look into their children drinking water especially when they are experiencing diarrhea, fever, or exposure to absolute temperatures like in cars during summer season.
Essential fatty acids: infants still carries the day yet again in fatty acids requirements on per kilogram base out weighing the adults. Through elongation and desaturation, linolenic, alpha–linolenic and linolenic acids are changed to long–chain fatty acids (docosahexanoic acids and arachidonic) that play vital roles in the central nervous system. Given that both trans fatty acids and saturated fats hinder these pathways, children and infants should not eat foods that contain most of these fats.
In adolescence, medical institutions have it that there is a higher intake of energy and protein for growth. Moreover, most micronutrients, proposals are the same as from adults exempting minerals needed for bone formation such as calcium. However, there is controversy in the proposals since there is no proof to back that higher intakes are an extreme demand for bone growth. Proof is crystal clear that bone calcium growth rises due to exercise rather than from boost in calcium consumption. Given that atherosclerosis and weight gain frequently begin during these years, young adults and adolescent must come up with healthy eating and habits that reduce the chances for chronic disease later in life which are health hazards.
Micronutrient requirements in adults 18 to 50 years are slightly different with regard to gender. Males need more vitamins, magnesium, chromium, zinc and manganese. Females need more iron during their menstruation period as opposed to the males of their similar age. However, the proposed iron consumption drop drastically from 18 mg in a day in female ages 19 to 50 to 8 mg/day past the of age 50, due to iron prevention and cut losses in postmenopausal ladies, compared with younger women.
Question #2
The term geriatric passes on to the aging population of human beings, and geriatrics is the medical domain that deals with clinical probes specific to the aging and old age. In this study am going to explain how metabolism, changing body composition and socioeconomic factors affect geriatric population.
As we continue to age, we tend to lose body mass. abridged muscle mass includes smooth muscle, skeleton muscle and muscle that influences key organ function, with hammering of cardiac muscle maybe the most vital. Cardiac ability can be abridged and cardiac role impaired by persistent diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis or diabetes. Dynamics also happen in the lungs, kidney and liver, and in our aptitude to make new protein tissue. Moreover, aging can decelerate the immune system's reply in generating antibodies. This increases the geriatric population numbers.
Nutrition can be an issue in all of the dynamics noted above. However, the decelerating of the usual move of the digestive tract and general dynamics has the most direct consequence on nutrition. Digestive secretions reduce markedly, although enzymes remain efficient. Efficient dietary fiber, as opposed to greater than before use of laxatives, will uphold usual bowel function and not meddle with the absorption of nutrients and digestion, as happens with laxative use or misuse.
In the socio economic factors there is a lot to consider. The level of education of the aging person: he or she might not have the knowhow on how he should carryout nutrition. The income could also be an issue. Where he or she gets money from better yet where he works: for better nutrition u need money to purchase food.
The government should look into caring about the aging giving them pension and building more retirement homes where they can be well taken care of.
Question#3
Nutrition is a vital determinant of health in individuals over the age of sixty five. Malnutrition in the aged is usually under diagnosed. Cautious nutritional appraisal is essential for both the successful findings and development of inclusive treatment strategy for undernourishment in this population .Betsy is not any different I think I must be having her reasons.
Betsy has lost 18 pounds in the last year. That worried me and I consider causes for her losing of weight like oral probes, hyperthyroidism, diabetes, depression and malignancy. This can be put to check by physical examination, laboratory tests and history from family. Collateral history testified by his husband was very important to a person with dementia. Dementia patients often have an uncharacterized presentation of much sickness in the old age, especially when cases of depression are involved.
There was need for medication review that is often a vital part of the physician's assessment of a patient. For instance, cholinesterase inhibitors as a group can cause vomiting, nausea, anorexia, or diarrhea and can be affiliated with losing weight. In Betsy’s case, she was able to uphold her weight for 12 months on this medication. For this course, other effects of weight loss affiliated with dementia were also being measured. For instance, the fact that she lost her family’s supports (her husband can’t handle her situation) and her incapability of cooking food has caused her malnutritioned state. My recommendations for her treatment included treatment of her medical issues prescription of nutritional supplements, referral to retirement homes.
References
Bales, C. W., & Ritchie, C. S. (2009). Handbook of clinical nutrition and aging (2nd ed.). Totowa, N.J.: Humana Press.
Brown, J. E., & Isaacs, J. S. (2011). Nutrition through the life cycle (4th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, CENGAGE Learning.
The role of nutrition in maintaining health in the nation's elderly evaluating coverage of nutrition services for the medicare population. (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Watson, R. R. (2009). Handbook of nutrition in the aged (4th ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press.
