This paper discusses the significance of biopsychosocial model in the field of healthcare. A biopsychosocial model is a tool that a general practitioner utilizes to inspect how psychosomatic disorders build up. According to White (2005), the bio-psychosocial model affirms ill health is indomitable by a forceful contact between natural, mental, and societal factors (White, 2005). The lesson provides a classification of the bio-psychosocial model and provides exact details to demonstrate that how it can be used. To help enlighten the complications, the general practitioners have implemented various models and theories that explain that how several factors contribute to healthiness and medical condition.
The bio-psychosocial assessment refers to a sequence of queries that are asked at the start of the medical treatment of a patient. The main purpose of the bio-psychosocial assessment is to acquire detailed report of the prominent physical, mental, and societal issues of the patient. The approach of assessment is known as holistic as it demonstrates that different issues are regularly related in such mental diseases. According to Miller, Vandome, & McBrewster (2010), the biocomponent of biopsychosocial theory looks at the characteristic of environmental science which influences physical condition of individuals (Miller, Vandome, & McBrewster, 2010).
The psychosomatic component of the holistic model includes impending emotional factors that contribute to the growth of mental health related problem. The assessment of a mental illness indicates that individuals’ relationships with others, emotional attachments, and family background creates biological or psychosomatic issues. When nurses ask different questions from the patient, then they can write the most important points in the report card of the patient for a healthier treatment plan. Even though, the assessments are always holistic and are headed for treating a mental and emotional sickness of a patient. A general practitioner prefers to treat a therapeutic and biological problem. The psychotherapist helps a patient who is suffering from the psychological issue and assesses their physical and psychological components. The continuing assessment is helpful in identifying that a problem has been properly investigated or not. It is practical to observe some of the problems that possibly will take place during a bio-psychosocial assessment. Questions regarding the biological sphere consist of the history of ailment, obsession, medicinal side effects, and history of the family of a patient. Sociological questions can discuss the relationship issues, monetary issues, and instability in personal or professional life. Psychological assessment can have the questions that involve the existence of mental sickness. According to Anema and McCoy (2010), a competency-based assessment is the most effective way of obtaining information that is regarded as strengths-based (Anema & McCoy, 2010).
The biopsychosocial model of health and disease is regarded as a framework that has been developed by George L. Engle. The model states that connections between genetics, psychosomatic, and societal factors identify the origin, symptoms, and results of the health condition. The theories of the nature vs. nurture discussed that emotional and physical factors are enough to brought change in the mental health of individuals. According to Paris (2012), the bio-psychosocial model characterizes the key role to genetic determinants and gives detail about the disease which is caused by physical, social, or mental issues (Paris, 2012).
The most important model used is the bio-psychosocial model is a holistic model. Holistic model is dependent on qualified experts who submits an analysis and prescribes a treatment based on medicines (Guzzetta, 1998). The holistic model consists of five dimensions such as spiritual, physical, mental, psychological, and societal. The assessment is supposed to consider the legal framework of care, particularly the Mental Health Act, the Mental Concern Act, and protection.
The nursing process is a succession of prearranged steps implemented for nurses to give good care to the patients. The nurses are supposed to learn the five different phases of the nursing process, including reviewing, analyzing, scheduling, executing, and appraising. The main purpose of the nursing process is to determine health care condition of the patient, to establish a strategy to provide an effective treatment to the patient. The nursing process is a set of actions that a nurse will apply to take care of a patient.
According to Scott & Holland (2004), Roper Logan Tierney model of nursing explains the behavior of living and assesses the patient’s relative self-determination and the potential for self-rule (Scott & Holland, 2004). The model helps the general practitioners to determine the physical and mental health of a patient and illustrates that which treatment will prove to be more effective. The nurses have to ask different questions from the patients to inquire about their psychological and physical state of health.
The attributes of the nurse that facilitate holistic assessment is their effective verbal communication, nonverbal, therapeutic, clinical decision making, 6cs of nursing, and NMC code. Nursing in a health care focuses on fulfilling the requirements of human as a bio-psychosocial patient. To be an effective nurse, they do not only require methodical knowledge, but they also need interpersonal, reasoning, and technological ability as well. Good communication between patient and nurses is necessary for the effective results. Nurses understand and help the patients. The nurses show good manners, kindheartedness, and politeness throughout the holistic assessment. Nurses allocate a specific time to the patient to correspond with the indispensable discretion of a patient’s emotional and physical health. High-quality communication also is not only based on the physical capabilities of nurses, but it also based on edification and knowledge of nurses.
A therapeutic patient-nursing relationship is considered as a helping correlation that is relying on the shared dependence and respect. The nurses are supposed to maintain professional boundaries with the patients. According to Cutcliffe & McKenna (2005), the therapeutic relationship is based on valuable communication that integrates the caring behavior of nurses (Cutcliffe & McKenna, 2005). Nurses make significant clinical decisions each day, and their decisions have a direct impact on the health of the patients. The nurses also make important decisions that which treatment is going to be effective for the patients. Since care stipulation is becoming progressively more complicated, so nurses have to depend on the skills of making the right decision to sustain advanced care and encouraging results. Nurses in healthcare department are held responsible for their decisions at a managerial level (Thompson, Cullum, McCaughan, Sheldon, & Raynor, 2004).
The 6Cs in nursing are the principles and manners of communication, care, courage, compassion, commitment, and competence. The standards of 6Cs are supposed as the symbol of excellence in nursing service. The professional nurses get connected with the patients and show care and compassion to them. The 6Cs of compassion were projected to be ambitions that nurses and careers could strive towards when providing care. The nurses are supposed to care for the rights, physical condition, and safety of the patient. At times nurse works together with other health professionals and the municipal to defend human rights, uphold health diplomacy, and condense health disparities. According to Baillie & Black, (2015), nurses play many prominent roles in the care of their patients, including that of supporter (Baillie & Black, 2015). A new specialized code established by the Nursing and Midwifery Council sets out predictable principles of high-quality practice and behavior of all nurses and midwives is responsible for maintaining the superiority in the field of nursing in health care department. According to Hart (2010), the NMC code concentrates on the significance of advocacy in its Code of Ethics and defines nursing as the fortification, encouragement, and optimization of health and capabilities (Hart, 2010).
The assessment procedure helps the nurses in clinical judgment as Nurses are supposed to deal with an extensive range of problems related to the state of patient’s health and their tricky situations, and health improvements. Clinical judgment is a tool for professional nurses that allow them to be liable and to deal with severe issues related to the health of the patient. According to Logan (2015), the clinical judgment helps a professional nurse in resolving the issues of patients (Logan, 2015). An assessment process enables the nurses to understand the importance of required elements and their effects on the health of the patient to come up with suitable resolution.
The assessment plays a vital role in decision making in the healthcare sector. The assessment prepared on the physical and mental condition of patients helps the nurse to decide that which treatment is going to be suitable for the sufferer. Decision-making is a fundamental component of nursing practice, and assessment reports make it easier for the nurse to take right actions according to the requirements of the patient (Woods-Groves & Hendrickson, 2012). The biopsychosocial models clarify that nurses are supposed to care for the rights, physical condition, and safety of the patient. At times nurse works together with other health professionals and the municipal to defend human rights, uphold health diplomacy, and condense health disparities.
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