Abstract
Counseling psychology defines a specialty in psychology within the professional category that emphasizes on the need to facilitate both personal and interpersonal functioning around the entire life. The specialty borrows concepts from, social, vocational, educational, emotional, health-associated, developmental, and organizational issues.
The goals of counseling psychology include a diverse range of closely attached practices that assist persons in improving their welfare, lessen issues, resolve crises and increase the capability of persons to improve their lives. The association of this area of specialization draws more attention from normal development subjects and issues linked with physical, emotional and mental issues. Counseling psychology holds a strong perception on a diverse practice related areas of psychology (McLeod 2013). The paper will address the background on counselling psychology and the duties and skills of a career counsellor. Moreover, the paper will discuss on the phenomenological research method and correlation research method.
History of counseling physiology
Counseling psychology borrows concepts from the psychoanalysis theory. In 1980, Sigmund Freud developed a theory known as psychoanalysis which involved the individuals telling their issues to the psychoanalysts. These psychoanalysts were skilled in interpreting the psyche of people but also what they did. Freud played a significant role in the progress of counseling psychology, but the actual word ‘psychology’ became pronounced in the 1960s (Jones & Nicholas, 2016). Moreover, counseling began after the upsurge of the Second World War, in 1950’s America. A majority of the popular therapies in the modern world have their background from a group of psychologists and psychiatrists (Di Mattia, 2016).Some psychoanalysts were vital as they developed techniques and theories which were described as sometimes referred to as ‘Schools’ of therapy.
The terminology ‘School’ regarding counseling does not describe a building or campus .it refers to how psychologists consider human beings to develop their view of the universe they live in and how they tolerate with it with it. The three schools are Psychoanalytical, Behaviorist, and Humanistic, which we will look at later in this guide (Rowland, 2013).
Research Methods used in counseling Psychology
Phenomenology research method is a qualitative research method that was created by the scholar Edmund Husserl. Edmund advanced the ideas of his predecessors such as Frank Brentano, William Dilthey to diversify the concepts and methods of modern science and the study of consciousness. His creativity was influential in the philosophy, other humanities, and the social sciences in the 20th century. Husserl drafted the scientific methods that are uniquely fashioned to assist the psychological researchers in the investigation of human experience and norms (Kafle, 2013). This research method is based on a theoretical movement that eludes particular reductionists tendencies applied by numerous approaches towards psychological research. The researchers are encouraged to attend to the definitions of the audiences without forcing the meaning of the descriptive units into pre-defined groups (Finlay, 2012).
Another research method is referred to as correlational research method. The perfect illustrations of correlational research methods are Case studies, surveys, naturalistic observation. These methods are appropriate for describing different events, experiences, or behaviors and look for connections between them. Though, these methods do not allow researchers to conclude on the causes of behavior.
Career Counselling
Career counseling is an occupation where the professionals take a time to understand the people and their world of work to make crucial decisions on career, education and life decisions. Career counselors offer information to, and supports people who are preparing, seeking and dealing their life/work direction (McIlveen, 2015)
The duties of the career counselors are numerous. Additionally, the career counselors may seek out potential clients by giving presentations on their services. For instance, they collect information about schools and programs, such as tuition, the cost of books and schedules for clients interested in pursuing schooling. Furthermore, the Career counselors help people advance career plans, teach people to job search tactics and advice people about the labor market. They also are responsible for keeping records of their customers' job applications, cover letters and resumes (Cochran, 2012).
Skills and knowledge of a career counselor
The career counselor should be fluent in the appropriate languages by having the capacity to read and speak fluently. These professionals should feel confident to interview clients, listen to them attentively, inquire for answers and speak precisely. The career counselors should be able to help and offer advice to the client via the process of evaluating information and a king action realized. These professionals should have the ability to solve problems efficiently and creatively. They should have the ability to curve themselves from different angles and approach the situation (Chireshe, 2012).
The career counselors should have deep knowledge in the subject matter. They should possess the awareness to apply the necessary methods to fit the client’s wants and needs. They should be highly organized and be able to plan, develop, schedule and manage counseling programs. Nonetheless, the career counselors should be straightforward when considering certain decisions. The career counselors should be emotionally mature to handle difficult circumstances and distance themselves from the customer’s mysteries. Moreover, they should be sensitive to the differences attached to health, ethnicity, and social-economic classes. Finally, the career professional should keep the client’s information private if appropriate.
References
Chireshe, R. (2012). Career guidance and counselling provisions at a South African University: Career advisors’ reflections. The Anthropologist, 14(4), 305-310.
Cochran, L. R. (2012). The repertory grid in career counselling: Role and value. Canadian
Di Mattia, M. A., & Grant, J. (2016). Counselling Psychology in Australia: History, status and challenges. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 1-11.
Finlay, L. (2012). Debating phenomenological methods. In Hermeneutic phenomenology in education (pp. 17-37). SensePublishers.
Jones Nielsen, J. D., & Nicholas, H. (2016). Counselling psychology in the United Kingdom. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 1-10.
Kafle, N. P. (2013). Hermeneutic phenomenological research method simplified. Bodhi: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 5(1), 181-200.
McIlveen, P. (2015). Using My Career Chapter in career counselling.
McLeod, J. (2013). An introduction to counselling. McGraw-Hill Education (UK).
Rowland, N., & Goss, S. (Eds.). (2013). Evidence Based Counselling and Psychological Therapies: Research and Applications. Routledge.
