Jeffrey Williams’ article makes a number of claims that brings about the intense criticism of higher education and the condemnation of academic capitalism. In addition, the author claims that the corporatization of higher education in the last twenty years has impacted the universities because of the focus on “the deteriorating conditions of academic labor” (Williams, par. 1). There is no doubt that the author appeals to those persons who have difficulty accessing higher education mainly because of the high debts associated with accessing higher education in these critical universities.
Hanke and Hearn make similar claims to Williams as the authors speak to the number of changes and increase corporate influence on campus and student debt (Hanke & Hearn, par. 1). Hanke and Hearn claim that throughput the United States, as more universities have become pawns in the neoliberal logics that continue to rise despite the economic recession. Similar to Williams the authors make emotional arguments that reinforces the common views of scholars and graduates on the ways in which universities have embraced “academic capitalism” based on moral obligation (Hanke & Hearn, par. 1).
Williams includes a number of evaluative arguments from scholars and critics who have experienced the changes in the structure of higher education. These persons have evaluated the changes in higher education and have taken a critical stance against the changes that have contributed to the negative changes in the public universities (Williams, par. 3). In addition, Williams’ article makes a number of definitional, logical and emotional claims that are suitable to the arguments on higher education. He appeals to graduate students who have been impacted by the current practices that stems from an increase in wealth and power and which leads to a decline in social hope because of the inequality and injustice in the system.
Clearly both articles use similar strategies of ethos, logos and pathos to support their evaluative claims on the changes in the university system and the manner in which higher education now eludes students. In addition, the authors address the changes in cultural studies that form the foundations of scholarly practices and academic desires for higher education. But, Hanke and Hearn offer a more in-depth argument that addresses the external influences that impact higher education. In addition, Hanke and Hearn look at the changes in the past and the present and argue for the changes that will eventually come to higher education in Canada and the United States.
In concluding, the factual claim and the evaluative claims are suitable in each argument as the authors do not merely offer their opinions on the bureaucratization and globalization of higher educational institutions, but instead, they support each claims with evaluative claims from other academic scholars who have carried out extensive researches on the topic. The authors are firm in their convictions that the changes will have a negative impact on those who wish to pursue higher education. Both articles show similar and substantial evidence to define and support the claim that majority of the higher education universities have embrace academic capitalism and this creates a challenge for those students who wish to pursue higher education.
References
Hanke, Bob & Hearn, Alison, Call for Papers: Out of the Ruins: The University to Come (2012),
Blog of the International Sociological Association (ISA), Canadian Journal of Cultural Studies, 28, Fall 2012), Retrieved from http://www.isa-sociology.org/universities-in-crisis/?p=821
Williams, Jeffrey J., Deconstruction Academe: The Birth of Critical University Studies (2012),
The Chronicle of Higher Education, The Chronicle Review, Retrieved from http://chronicle.com/article/An-Emerging-Field-Deconstructs/130791/ 11 Feb 2016
