Introduction
Research is defined as a systematic investigation that seeks to generate knowledge or understanding concerning a certain phenomenon. However, the kind of information or data collected to gain the knowledge may vary based on the objectives of the study (Bernard & Bernard, 2012). Because of these different intentions and systematic comparisons, different approaches and methods are needed. These research approaches include quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. Here, the paper analyzes their differences, their scientific designs, and the most preferable to conduct research.
Differences between the qualitative, quantitative and mixed research methods
Qualitative research approach is where an investigator makes knowledge claims based mainly on constructivist manner or perspective. Here, they attempt to get different meanings based on personal experiences. Effectively, social and historical meanings are constructed with the intention of creating a theory or advocacy (Bernard & Bernard, 2012). One distinct feature of this approach is that a researcher is open-minded and their main intention is to use the data to develop themes. The method uses scientific design strategies with the view initiating a participatory atmosphere and researchers are issue-oriented. Some of the strategies used for inquiry include narratives, ethnographies, case studies, and grounded theory studies.
The second research method is the quantitative approach in which a researcher primarily applies postpositive propositions so that they can develop knowledge. Effectively, the investigator develops a cause and effect approach and reduces their focus to certain variables and hypotheses (Bernard & Bernard, 2012). They also use measurements and observations to make the knowledge claims. In this approach, scientific strategies employed include the use of experiments, conduction of surveys, and the collection of data on predetermined tools that can produce statistical data for analysis and decision-making. Most of the data from quantitative research approach is gathered by use of surveys and questionnaires that are developed and structured carefully to provide numerical data that can be explored from a statistical point of view. Furthermore, the collected data can be applied to some phenomena that address larger populations.
The third approach to research is the use of mixed method where an investigator attempts to ground their knowledge claims on pragmatic grounds. The researcher seeks to be consequence-focused, problem-centered and in some instances, pluralistic (Mertens, 2014). The approach relies on scientific design strategies that involve collection of information simultaneously or sequentially so that they can have a better understanding of the research issue or problem. The collection of the information involves the gathering of numerical information on the selected tools and text information that may include interviews (Mertens, 2014). Effectively, mixed methods reflect the use of both qualitative and quantitative approaches to data collection and analyses.
Choosing the best method and design to conduct research
The selection of an ideal method for research depends on several considerations. However, three of these considerations are critical. They include the research problem, personal experience of the investigator, and the attitude of the expected audience. Irrespective of these factors, a surveyor is expected to find the most appropriate method (Bernard & Bernard, 2012).
Because of the dynamic nature of most research findings and populations, the use of mixed method design is best suited to capture the best of both qualitative and quantitative methods. For instance, from a general finding in a population, a researcher may seek to develop a detailed view of the meaning of a certain situation or phenomenon. Such a situation may require him or her to develop a qualitative approach and combine it with quantitative designs to get the best results. Effectively, mixed approach is the most appropriate because it combines the two critical approaches to data collection and analysis.
References
Bernard, H. R., & Bernard, H. R. (2012). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative
approaches. London: Sage Publications.
Mertens, D. M. (2014). Research and Evaluation in Education and Psychology: Integrating
Diversity With Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methods: Integrating Diversity With Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methods. London: Sage Publications.
