Smoking is one of the most harmful habits dangerous to the health of not only smokers but also others. Currently, smoking has become a massive "epidemic" common among men, women and even children. The fact that smoking is harmful to health know everyone, but not all realize the true extent of its impact.
Damage to health damage is delayed in time and not immediate, but gradual, usually after 10-20 years after the onset of smoking. Therefore, many smokers at first do not notice changes in their health status and believe that nothing will happen to them in the future, and the trouble associated with smoking, they will pass by. Unfortunately, this is not the case, and the habit will have to pay the highest price - with their health and even their lives. Numerous studies have shown that smoking contributes to a variety of diseases, leading to premature death, cases of sudden death, shortens life expectancy by 8-10 years.
It is well known that lung cancer in 90% of cases arises in connection with smoking and that deaths from it among smokers are 30 times higher than among non-smokers; stenocardia occurs in smokers 13 times more often, hypertension – 5 times more often, vascular lesions of the brain - 1.8 times more often than non-smokers, and deaths from smoking are 1.3 times greater. Peptic ulcer affects smokers 12 times more often than non-smokers. Of the 100 people ill for myocardial infarction, 88 are smokers. Nearly 100% of patients with laryngeal cancer are smokers with an "experience" of smoking more than 15 years (Frei et al., 2012). Of the 100 patients with lung arising in adulthood, 95 had smoked. Every seventh smoker suffers an obliterating endarteritis. In men, nicotine inhibits the erection center, reduces the production of male sex hormones, leads to impotence and infertility. Women who smoke have a disrupted menstrual cycle.
Numerous studies confirm that in the tobacco smoke have been detected more than 40 carcinogens, i.e. substances that contribute to the development of cancer. Tobacco smoke contains nicotine, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen cyanide, ammonia and arsenic and other compounds. When smoking the cigarette tip temperature reaches 700 ° C. The formed tobacco tar, contains 14-15 carcinogens . In particular, very active resin contains carcinogens - 3,4-benzpyrene, radioactive substances, polonium-210, lead-210, potassium-40, strontium-90,
It has been calculated that 20 cigarettes contained 100 mg of nicotine, 32 mg of ammonia, 0.8 mg of hydrocyanic acid, 0.4 liters of carbon monoxide. 1000 can receive cigarettes 2 mg of 3,4-benzopyrene - this amount sufficiently to cause cancer in experimental rabbit (Frei et al., 2012).
All of us at the company are affected by our staff members going out for a few minutes to have a smoke. As a result we suffer too. The air we breathe is the same, thus the chemicals and substances we inhale are also the same. Of greatest threat to the staff working at the company is carbon monoxide (CO).
Carbon monoxide (CO) is considered to belong to the class of insidious gases. It is odorless, colorless, so the poisoning occurs imperceptibly. It has a high affinity to the hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO), which has the ability to reduce the oxygen capacity of the blood by inhibiting the respiratory enzymes, i.e. violates tissue respiration. Carbon monoxide also has neurotoxic effects.
The main causes of a substantial amount of CO in the human body is carbon monoxide poisoning and smoking (most often - passive).
Carbon monoxide poisoning most commonly occurs by inhalation of combustion products to fire or creating emergencies in case of accidents at major factories, enterprises, production-related carbon monoxide. Scholars distinguish acute poisoning, mild, moderate and severe.
Mild carbon monoxide poisoning mild the following symptoms: headache girdle (symptom of "wrap"), dizziness, nausea, vomiting.
Mild poisoning develops at COHb levels of 10% - 30%.
In moderately severe poisoning (COHb concentration of 30 - 40%) our muscles develop weakness, eyesight and hearing become deteriorated. There are shortness of breath, tachycardia, agitation with auditory hallucinations or confusion, possible unconsciousness. (Frei et al., 2012)
Upon reaching the level of COHb (50 - 60%) occurs loss of consciousness, respiratory failure develops leading to coma and a lethal end (severe degree of poisoning).
Imperceptible prolonged CO poisoning leads to the appearance of symptoms such as headache, fatigue, poor concentration, development of neurological symptoms that resemble Parkinson's disease, memory loss and personality changes. Such problems may develop weeks after acute carbon monoxide poisoning.
Chronic carbon monoxide poisoning occurs both in the factories and plants with CO gas leakage, and when smoking. While many people and are aware that smoking is harmful, few of them are aware of the full extent of the danger (Penner, 2008).
Smoking leads to the development of three major fatal diseases: lung cancer; chronic bronchitis and emphysema; coronary heart disease. Asthma attacks occur more frequently and become more severe. There is a tendency of a relapse of respiratory infections. Contained in cigarette smoke, carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin, leading to higher levels of carboxyhemoglobin that may exceed an the appropriate level of non-smokers by 15 times. This reduces the amount of hemoglobin which carries oxygen in the blood (Middleton, 2014).
Diagnosis of the level of carboxyhemoglobin in the blood is most frequently performed through the invasive capillary blood test, which is also not a method of rapid diagnosis.
Currently there has been developed special equipment for determining the concentration of carbon monoxide in exhaled air and indirectly of carboxyhemoglobin in the blood, allowing you to immediately evaluate the people for carbon monoxide poisoning (Middleton, 2014). This will allow an immediate oxygen therapy (in severe cases - hyperbaric oxygenation) and can often safe lives. A screening assessment of the level of CO can attributed non-specific symptoms to chronic consumption of low concentrations of CO (often as a result of gas leakage) (Middleton, 2014).
Carbon monoxide is very toxic and is released during the combustion of flammable materials. It has no color, odor, so it is very difficult to detect without special equipment. The first warning symptoms, which indicate the presence of carbon monoxide, are a headache and nausea. Under normal operating conditions in the room where the equipment maintenance, operating on the basis of combustible materials, done correctly and done airing emitted amount of carbon monoxide is not dangerous (Middleton, 2014).
In the case of our company is the problem that people are simply not willing to cooperate and give up on something that causes general discomfort among the team (Middleton, 2014).
DESCRIPTION OF THE DEVICE
CAREFUSION MICRO CO
CareFusion Micro Co is the gold standard for monitoring carbon monoxide levels today. The device has been developed to measure the concentration of CO in the PPM or % of COHb. When using a special computer program you can transfer and store the results to a PC, as well as conduct the test with real-time visualization of the patient data on the monitor display. The results can be transferred and saved in Word format (CareFusion Micro Co, 2016).
The principle of operation of the CareFusion Micro Co electrochemical sensor is based on the reaction of carbon monoxide with one electrode and oxygen in exhaled air with another. This reaction causes the electric potential proportional to the level of CO concentration. The data obtained is processed by the microprocessor, and then the carbon monoxide concentration peak appears on the display. Slim, compact monitor within $150-200 protects personnel from hazardous gas concentrations in the work area. Constantly flashing beacon light IntelliFlash TM provides a visual confirmation of performance embedded gas sensors. It is visible from a distance and indicates that the device is turned on, is operational and working platform complies with the standards for security personnel
The device is equipped with a color alarm:
- Green 0-4 ppm (non smoker)
- Orange 5-10 ppm (light smoker)
- Red for more than 10 ppm (smoker)
-Red + audio signal for more than 72 ppm (a heavy smoker or poisoning)
CareFusion Micro Co The device also provides a simple screening test for smokers participating in the antismoking clinics or antismoking programs.
Functional peculiarities and features common to all CAREFUSION MICRO CO appliances:
• Continuously operating LCD displays gas concentration in real time
• Compact and lightweight design makes the device comfortable to wear
• Waterproof
• Simple automatic calibration procedure; compatible with MicroDock II system for the settings, the automatic test and calibration of portable detectors.
• Full-featured sensor diagnostics, condition of the battery and electronic circuits, as well as audible / visual alarm at startup
• Bright warning light signals, with a large angle of range
• Rubberized shock-resistant housing
• Comfortable fleet management with the help of Fleet Software detectors.
Manager II
Peculiar features of the device (CareFusion Micro Co, 2016)
• Light lamp of the IntelliFlash system allows security managers to immediately determine that employees are safe and efficient with the tool and working platform and in compliance with the rules
• Protection against unauthorized access, through being controlled by one button only
• Has an internal vibrating alarm for work areas with high noise levels
• Powered by a rechargeable lithium-polymer battery
• Support for multiple languages, including English, French, German, Spanish and Portuguese
Specifications (CareFusion Micro Co, 2016)
Size - 11,3 x 6,0 x 2,9 cm
Weight - 171 g
The temperature of -4 to + 136 ° F / -20 to + 58 ° C
Humidity - 0% - 95% RH (non-condensing)
Alarms - Visual, vibrating and audible (95 dB)
- Low, high levels of short-term exposure limit, TWA, the level of excess
Testing
Self audible and visual alarm when the instrument is turned on. Continuous self-test sensors, battery and electronic circuits in operation.
Average battery life - 10 hours (usually); Charging time less than 3 hours
User Preferences:
Beep performance verification
Setting short-term exposure limit
ON / OFF sensor
alarm Lock
Display Mode Safe
Stealth mode. When users turn on stealth mode, backlight function, audible and visual alarms are deactivated. In the event of an alarm function is activated vibrating alarm and displays data on the display. Blocking Automatic zero calibration at start Automatic calibration at start
Setting rapid testing interval
interval IntelliFlash
Measurement of combustible gases (% LEL or% by volume methane)
The user sets the level of the calibration gas
Forced rapid testing after a set interval
Forced calibration is in excess of the period
User confirmation, c by pressing the button on the alarm when it reaches the first threshold
Language Selection (5)
Conclusion
The epidemic of tobacco consumption (TC) leads to a huge irreparable loss for public health. WHO experts among the ten leading causes of death of the world's population to the second place (after hypertension) put TC. According to statistical calculations, Tobacco and tobacco dependence intoxication diseases cause more than 17% of deaths. It is also shown that associated with TC are 43% of all deaths in men who aggravated their position in the population leads to a large distribution and passive TC, i.e., secondary non-smokers exposure to tobacco smoke in the environment. This passive exposure can lead to serious health problems have never smoked do not themselves parties. Passive smoking is a serious and very urgent sanitary problem for our country with one of the highest in the world level of consumption on cigarette has incased.
Distribution of both active and passive smoking can vary considerably in different countries, regions and populations that depend on the prevailing social rules and norms of the smoking behavior, as well as places and environments.
One of the main reasons for the difficulty of the struggle for decrease in TC spread among the population is that the tobacco intoxication in many people for many years no symptoms, so most smokers even with medical education do not believe that it could cause significant damage to health and cause many disease and premature death.
The information presented in the proposal shows the negative effects smoking can have on the health of the surrounding people. At our company there are people who a forced to breathe the same air as those who do smoke. The air is filled with various poisonous substances including the carbon monoxide. Therefore, the purchase of this CO monitor seems feasible. Its characteristic features will enable us to detect carbon monoxide, among many other gases unsuitable for breathing. Upon seeing this, we will be able to take some action and protect ourselves from the harm that will no doubt influence our health. Through the use of this CO monitor, we will always show our fellow co-workers who are smoking, their share of undutiful air. We will be able to conduct the anti-smoking or stop smoking campaigns to facilitate the cessation of smoking at the enterprise. This unique tool will do much more than simply chatting about the bad effect smoking has on the health of the person. Through a certain system of indications people will see the level of their addiction and hopefully this will start them thiking on the feasibility of smoking as such. In most cases, people need a visual confirmation about almost everything. Of course, there is plenty of visual information on the internet regarding the illnesses caused and the state of inner organs. However, our task here is not to make them vomit, but to make them start thinking about their own health and their future within the company. And the Micro CO by Care Fusion is most optimal choice for us. We do not need the high end enterprise CO monitor due to the cost. Our aim is to facilitate the cessation of smoking among our workers. The suggested equipment will cope with the task at a very reasonable price. If we want to hold frequent “classroom” sessions ten we can consider purchasing a few.
References
CareFusion. (2016). Micro Co Decsription. CareFusion.com. Web. Retrieved from http://store.carefusion.com/respiratorydiagnostics/microco-monitor.html
Frei M., Engel Brugger O., Sendi P., Reichart P., Ramseier C and Michael Bornstein. (2012). Assessment of smoking behaviour in the dental setting. A study comparing self-reported questionnaire data and exhaled carbon monoxide levels. Cln OraI Invest.
Middleton, E., B. Med Sci and Alyn H Morice. (2014). Breath Carbon Monoxide as an indication of smoke habit. Chest. 2000.
Penney, D. (2008). Carbon monoxide poisoning. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
