Research Question 1: To analyze that does review session made any difference in the performance of students, the group means of students who attended the review session was compared with group mean of those students who didn’t attend the review session. t test for independent samples was run in SPSS and the result obtained is:
Group Statistics
ATTENDED REVIEW SESSIONS?
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
NO
YES
The descriptive statistics for the attended review classes and final exam points shows that the mean of students attending review sessions of final exam point is a little higher than the students who didn’t attend the review session.
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for Equality of Variances
F
Sig.
Equal variances assumed
Equal variances not assumed
Independent Samples Test
t-test for Equality of Means
t
df
Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean Difference
Equal variances assumed
Equal variances not assumed
Independent Samples Test
t-test for Equality of Means
Std. Error Difference
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
Lower
Upper
Equal variances assumed
Equal variances not assumed
The Levene's Test for Equality of Variances p value is 0.641 and is more than 0.05 in which case the two variances are not significantly different (Aron, Aron and Coups, 2009). We have to consider the column Equal Variances assumed where the value of sigma (2-tailed) is greater than 0.05. Therefore;
t(103) = -1.405, P = 0.163 and the statistics demonstrate that, the performance of students in final exams who attended the review session is not statistically different from students who didn’t attend review session.
Research Question 2 – To determine the mean value for this class, one sample t test for total points in this class was run in SPSS and the result is;
One-Sample Statistics
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
Total Points
One-Sample Test
Test Value = 0
t
df
Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean Difference
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
Lower
Upper
Total Points
t value of this class is 67.35% which is lower than 85% and the class differs significantly from the instructors considerations for the mean of a successful class
Research Question 3 – To analyze whether the performance of students on quiz 1 is significantly different quiz 2, t-test for paired samples is run on SPSS. The result is;
Paired Samples Statistics
Mean
N
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
Pair 1
Quiz 1 Points
Quiz 3 Points
Paired Samples Correlations
N
Correlation
Sig.
Pair 1
Quiz 1 Points & Quiz 3 Points
Pair 1
+++++*+++++++
Paired Differences
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
Pair 1
Quiz 1 Points - Quiz 3 Points
Pair 1
+++++*+++++++
Paired Differences
t
Pair 1
+++++++
Pair 1
+++++++*+++++
Lower
Upper
Pair 1
Quiz 1 Points - Quiz 3 Points
Pair 1
+++++*+++++++
df
Sig. (2-tailed)
Pair 1
Quiz 1 Points - Quiz 3 Points
Pair 1
++++++++++
Pair 1
++++++++
t(104) = -4.095, p< 0.0005, because of the means of two quizzes and t-value direction, it is concluded that there was significant improvement from the quiz 1 performance of the students to quiz 3 by 7.47 ± 2.48 to 7.95 ± 2.30 (p< 0.0005), which shows an improvement of 0.48 ± 0.18
Pair 1
++++
Aron, A., Aron E. N., & Coups, E.J (2009). Statistics for Psychology., (5th Ed.) Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson/Prentice-Hall
