In a natural context, all speech sessions whether formal or informal have a certain organization. Whenever two or more people meet, there is a conversation. The rules that govern these conversations are in some instances formally predefined and in most instances they are not. In those instances where rules of conversation not predefined, there is a natural or automatic way in which the involved groups set up, rules or adjust automatically to some formally undefined rules of speech. These rules involve the change of speaker from one individual to another and the response patterns. “Repair mechanisms exist for dealing with turn-taking errors and violations; e.g., if two parties find themselves talking at the same time, one of them will stop prematurely, thus repairing the trouble” (Sacks, 701).
Information technology involves a systematic design of modules that function together to achieve a common objective. Each of the entities has its functions and is dependent on the results of others. This means that an effective Information system must ensure that its modules are communicating efficiently to reduce hiccups that could render the system poor in handling its mandate. Some of the IT systems are critical especially those used in hospitals where chances of error and inconveniences are minimal. Thus if an IT system is used in such an environment, its modules must be designed in such a way that they communicate at high speeds through a set of guidelines defined by the code that builds the system.
In the same way that speech involves a constituency or group of individuals, who act as the core elements of an effective speech session, a single module cannot perform all functions of an IT system. This means, therefore, that a complete and standard IT system must have a group of modules. During a speech session, individuals talk and listen to each other. This implies the commonness of the language in use. There must be a way of indicating the beginning of the speech and another way to signify the completion of speech. On the other hand, an individual, especially where more than two people are involved, can direct the speech to one person within the group or to all parties within the group. A response is then expected from each of those affected or at least one of the affected individuals. In the context of IT modules which serve as the smallest functional units of the whole system, a group of modules communicate through a set of computer instructions as defined by the code and as input by the user. Thus, all modules must understand the language being used by other modules. Once all modules are in agreement of a common language, they must communicate since they are interlinked with each having its own functionality, but all dedicated to achieving a similar and collective objective. When communicating, the modules must be able to address each other individually and collectively. At one instance, a module may require the functions of another module or all other modules. If it needs only the services of a single module, it should communicate only to the module that performs that specific function. Otherwise, if it requires the services of all other modules, it must be able to address all other modules collectively requesting for their services. The other modules should be able to decode the message from the communicating module and respond as required.
During module conversations, there are instances a certain order of communication must be followed. This is in the same way that human conversations sometimes follow a certain order or protocol. However, in the same way there are conflicts and violation of set protocols in human speech, IT system modules tend to violate the system protocols (Searle, 55). This means there must be an arbitration method to ensure that the system does not crash. The arbitration technique must provide a sequential order through which modules are expected to converse with others. This is purposely to ensure there are no distorted messages sent to other modules. Such messages can lead to system failure in the same way that a distorted speech or conversation system can lead to a conflict. System modules sometimes are set to resolve such issues automatically. This can be done by assigning a priority value to each module so that, at any instance, the modules with the highest priority can be given a platform to communicate. This scenario reflects the automatic response usually occurs when more than one individual speak during a conversation. Either of them tends to cut down their speech and allow the next person to speak. This happens so automatically and resolves the disorder making it seem as though it was a preplanned rule.
A society defines an individual. Each person has a role to play, and within a society all people are related despite the different roles they play, they need each other to fulfill the demands of the society and nature in general. The ability to work together for the common good of the society is what defines constitutive practices. They are only possible if the modes of communication between individual are well defined and can be understood by all. Otherwise, conflicts exist where communication is limited, and such a society cannot function well. The IT system is built by modules. Modules musty communicate and apply a constitutive approach to all tasks assigned to them (Searle, 57). Each module must be ‘socially responsible’ o perform its task without inconveniencing the other modules. This is what ensures that there are little gaps and overlaps in task performance (Sacks et al., 700).
Works Cited
Sacks, H, E. Schegloff, and G. Jefferson. "A simplest systematics for the organization of turn-taking for conversation." (1991): Print.
Searle, J R. "How to derive "ought" from "is." (1964): Print.
